No description available.

The purpose of this research is to better understand the health of the Roebuck Iroquois population through the study of the growth of its children. Four avenues of osteological analysis are employed to investigate this topic: the comparison of craniofacial measurements to dental age, comparison of craniofacial measurements with one another, assessment of fluctuating asymmetry, and comparisons to other populations. The Roebuck subadults demonstrated a pattern of craniofacial growth consistent with the pattern for a normal, healthy child. Growth spurts in the craniofacial complex were more difficult to observe and interpret than spurs in the long bones. Fluctuating asymmetry was not found in any of the bilateral measurements, indicating that any stress experienced by the Roebuck subadults during development was not great enough to have a detectable impact on cranial symmetry. Roebuck appeared to be similar in size and growth to two other populations with similar subsistence strategies and diets.

No description available.

The purpose of this research is to better understand the health of the Roebuck Iroquois population through the study of the growth of its children. Four avenues of osteological analysis are employed to investigate this topic: the comparison of craniofacial measurements to dental age, comparison of craniofacial measurements with one another, assessment of fluctuating asymmetry, and comparisons to other populations. The Roebuck subadults demonstrated a pattern of craniofacial growth consistent with the pattern for a normal, healthy child. Growth spurts in the craniofacial complex were more difficult to observe and interpret than spurs in the long bones. Fluctuating asymmetry was not found in any of the bilateral measurements, indicating that any stress experienced by the Roebuck subadults during development was not great enough to have a detectable impact on cranial symmetry. Roebuck appeared to be similar in size and growth to two other populations with similar subsistence strategies and diets.

<p> This thesis evaluates how environmental stressors affected three groups (Nasca, Loro, and Chakipampa) that lived in Nasca during the Early Intermediate Period (ca. A.D. 1-750) and the Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 750-1000). Using fluctuating asymmetry analysis as a proxy for developmental instability, biological evidence is assessed for differential stress levels incurred by groups occupying the Peruvian south coast. This study found high levels of stress in the Middle Horizon, supporting the hypothesis that populations living in Nasca were unfavorably affected by Wari colonizers. However, stress was found to be highest among the Chakipampa. This is attributed to Wari imperialistic occupation and extraction of resources. Conversely, the contemporaneous Loro affiliated population, who presumably avoided Wari influence, experienced the lowest levels of stress among the samples. This research reveals a large distinction between the effects of environmental stressors on the two Middle Horizon groups.</p>

Cranial sutures are fibrous joints of the skull which allow for growth in young individuals. The sutural ligament is the fibrous connective material found between the two joint surfaces which can be divided into a number of different layers. During embryonic development and growth, ossification centres in the skull allow for the growth and development of the flat bones in the skull. Sutures are the areas where these ossification centres eventually meet. Some sutures like the frontal suture normally disappear at the age of two years, but it has been shown that this suture can persist in adulthood and is then called the metopic suture. Torgersen (1950) has shown that the obliteration pattern of the metopic suture is the same for skulls belonging to common inheritance trajectories. Cranial suture closure has thus been shown to be controlled by genes. In physical anthropology, obliteration of cranial sutures has been used as an age-at-death indicator since 1542. However, in 1890, Dwight rejected the notion that there was any relationship between age and obliteration patterns. Despite this, there have been a number of studies that have continued to use this method to estimate age-at-death from skeletal remains. These methods are currently still being used. The aim of this study was to investigate cranial suture obliteration patterns in adult crania. A total of 490 randomly selected modern black and white South African skulls from the Dart Collection were used to collect data. The ages of the individuals ranged from 19 to 98 years. Two methods previously used to estimate age from skeletal remains were used to assess the final obliteration status of the sutures. The scores assigned to these sutures were then subjected to statistical analyses to explore any relationship between age, sex and population affinity. The results show that considerable polymorphism in the obliteration pattern of the cranial vault sutures exist. The endocranial scores are bimodal while the ectocranial aspects using both the Acsádi & Nemeskéri (1970) and Meindl & Lovejoy (1985) method are multimodal. Bimodality and multimodality are direct indications of polymorphism. No significant relationship was found between obliteration and age. Thereafter the two methods initially used to assess the sutures were used to estimate the age of the skulls to test these methods. The results show that both these methods are not useful as age estimators when used on individuals drawn from the South African black and white populations. Since the large majority of variation in cranial suture obliteration is not explainable by age, it is hypothesized that patterns of the cranial vault suture obliteration are the result of epigenetic variation similar to that occurring elsewhere on the skeleton, and not a regular result of aging. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2009

Cranial sutures are fibrous joints of the skull which allow for growth in young individuals. The sutural ligament is the fibrous connective material found between the two joint surfaces which can be divided into a number of different layers. During embryonic development and growth, ossification centres in the skull allow for the growth and development of the flat bones in the skull. Sutures are the areas where these ossification centres eventually meet. Some sutures like the frontal suture normally disappear at the age of two years, but it has been shown that this suture can persist in adulthood and is then called the metopic suture. Torgersen (1950) has shown that the obliteration pattern of the metopic suture is the same for skulls belonging to common inheritance trajectories. Cranial suture closure has thus been shown to be controlled by genes. In physical anthropology, obliteration of cranial sutures has been used as an age-at-death indicator since 1542. However, in 1890, Dwight rejected the notion that there was any relationship between age and obliteration patterns. Despite this, there have been a number of studies that have continued to use this method to estimate age-at-death from skeletal remains. These methods are currently still being used. The aim of this study was to investigate cranial suture obliteration patterns in adult crania. A total of 490 randomly selected modern black and white South African skulls from the Dart Collection were used to collect data. The ages of the individuals ranged from 19 to 98 years. Two methods previously used to estimate age from skeletal remains were used to assess the final obliteration status of the sutures. The scores assigned to these sutures were then subjected to statistical analyses to explore any relationship between age, sex and population affinity. The results show that considerable polymorphism in the obliteration pattern of the cranial vault sutures exist. The endocranial scores are bimodal while the ectocranial aspects using both the Acsádi & Nemeskéri (1970) and Meindl & Lovejoy (1985) method are multimodal. Bimodality and multimodality are direct indications of polymorphism. No significant relationship was found between obliteration and age. Thereafter the two methods initially used to assess the sutures were used to estimate the age of the skulls to test these methods. The results show that both these methods are not useful as age estimators when used on individuals drawn from the South African black and white populations. Since the large majority of variation in cranial suture obliteration is not explainable by age, it is hypothesized that patterns of the cranial vault suture obliteration are the result of epigenetic variation similar to that occurring elsewhere on the skeleton, and not a regular result of aging. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medical Sciences, 2009

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: A, page: 2031. Advisers: Della Collins Cook; David Burr. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 9, 2008).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-330). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of History, Dec. 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.