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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of selected measurements from the phase plane loop of the brachial pulse wave to physical working capacity as measured on a bicycle ergometer. The selected measurements were: 1. +ṗ(x) which indicates the pulse pressure¹ when maximum positive rate of change of pressure occurs. 2. + ṗ(y) which is a measure of the maximum positive rate of change of pressure. 3. - ṗ(x) which indicates the pulse pressure when maximum negative rate of change of pressure occurs. 4. - ṗ(y) which is a measure of maximum negative rate of change of pressure. 5. + ṗ/- ṗ which is the ratio of maximum positive rate of change of pulse pressure to maximum negative rate of change of pulse pressure. 6. Pr./Ṗr. which is the ratio of pulse pressure to maximum rate of change of pulse pressure. Thirty-two young male adults underwent a bicycle ergometer testing procedure in which physical working capacity (PWC₁₇₀) was determined. On the testing day a resting phase plane loop was first recorded. The PWC₁₇₀ test was then administered, followed by the immediate recording of a post-exercise loop. Two subsequent loops were then recorded at recovery intervals of five and ten minutes. Thus, twenty-four direct loop measurements were obtained from each subject. In addition, the difference between each post-exercise loop measurement and the corresponding resting value was calculated making a total of forty-two loop variables per subject. A large correlation matrix was constructed in which all loop variables as well as PWC₁₇₀, PWC₁₇₀ divided by body weight, body weight, and the slope of the PWC₁₇₀ plotted line (see Appendix A) were included. The following results were observed. PWC₁₇₀ correlated significantly with: 1. immediate post-exercise -ṗ(y). 2. immediate post-exercise +ṗ/-ṗ. 3. immediate post-exercise - rest Pr./Ṗr. No loop variables correlated significantly with PWC₁₇₀ divided by body weight. However, body weight alone correlated significantly with: 1. immediate post-exercise +ṗ/-ṗ. 2. immediate post-exercise - rest +ṗ/-ṗ. The slope of the PWC₁₇₀ plotted line correlated significantly with: 1. immediate post-exercise +ṗ/-ṗ. 2. immediate post-exercise -ṗ(y). 3. resting -ṗ(y). A stepwise multiple regression analysis calculated by computer indicated that the sum of the independent contributions of three variables accounted for 42.7% of the total variance of PWC₁₇₀. These were: 1. immediate post-exercise - rest Pr./Ṗr. 2. immediate post-exercise -ṗ(y). 3. 5 minute post-exercise +ṗ(x). The multiple R between these three loop variables and PWC₁₇₀ was .65 ¹The term "pulse pressure" as used here does not have the conventional meaning, i.e. the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures, but refers to any given point along the range between systolic and diastolic pressures. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The study had three purposes; first, to appraise the cardiovascular fitness of six world class oarsmen by analysis of their oxygen consumption, heart rate, dynamics of arterial blood flow and various parameters measured from the electrocardiogram; secondly, to explore relatively new techniques for studying and measuring the externally recorded brachial pulse wave, its first derivative and the phase plane relationship of this derivative with the original pulse wave; and lastly, to determine the effectiveness of a conditioning programme designed to improve the cardiovascular efficiency, muscular endurance, strength and stamina of these oarsmen. The experimental design allowed each of the six subjects to be tested twice before and twice after an eight week conditioning programme. Each test battery included a maximum bicycle ergometer ride to exhaustion, a submaximal five minute step test, a mile run for time, dynamometer strength tests and a muscular endurance test. The conditioning programme consisted of circuit training, strength training and endurance running, there being five workouts in each seven day period. Patterns and values of oxygen consumption, T-wave RS and heart rate change during rest, exercise and recovery from exercise and patterns of change and qualitative and quantitative appraisal of the brachial pulse wave, its first derivative and the phase plane loop during rest and recovery from exercise have been described. The results indicate that though muscular endurance, strength and work capacity increased with training, significant differences were not noted between pre- and post-training values in 39 of 42 cardiovascular variables tested by the t-test. Possible reasons for these facts were suggested. The data did indicate that the maximum oxygen consumption of these oarsmen was greater than that reported for the general public but less than that reported for world class cross country skiers and distance runners. The pattern of change of both the pulse wave and T-wave amplitude during recovery from exercise suggested the possible importance of these variables as indicators of degrees of fitness. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of specialized training on the physical fitness of twelve members of the University of British Columbia Swimming Team. The specialized training consisted of the Basic or General Circuit, the Interval Circuit and the Swim Circuit. The areas of physical fitness that were being considered included dynamic strength, dynamometer or static strength, cardiovascular endurance, breathing capacity, reaction time and ankle flexibility. The subjects were tested on three occasions; first, previous to the commencement of the training programme, second, midway through the competitive swimming season, and finally, at the completion of training. The experiment covered a period of approximately six months. Results were compared for the initial and intermediate tests, the initial and final tests and for the intermediate and final tests. Most notable improvement was shown in dynamic strength, whereas dynamometer strength evidenced no improvement. Significant improvement was also found in reaction time and ankle flexibility, but no improvement was indicated in cardiovascular endurance or breathing capacity. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the degree to which the C.A.H.P.E.R. Fitness-Performance Test is a valid measure of motor fitness as determined by the Fleishman Basic Fitness Test. A second purpose was to determine whether abbreviated batteries with little or no loss of validity can be developed. The subjects consisted of ninety grade six and seven boys enrolled at an elementary school in Vancouver. T-score values for each of the C.A.H.P.E.R. and Fleishman items were computed. These values were used to establish the internal criterion (average T-score value of the six C.A.H.P.E.R. variables) and the external criterion (average T-score value of the ten Fleishman variables). Intercorrelations between the six C.A.H.P.E.R. test items and their correlations with both the internal and external criterion were computed. The variables which yielded the best combined relationship with the criterion score were selected by the stepwise multiple regression method. The validity of the C.A.H.P.E.R. Fitness-Performance Test was determined by its correlation with the Fleishman Basic Fitness Test. Battery A, (the shuttle run, the 300 yard run, and the flexed arm hang) with an R of 0.961, was chosen as the best three item predictor of the internal criterion. Battery B, (Battery A and the standing broad jump) with its R of 0.9082, was found to be the best four item predictor. Battery D (the standing broad jump, the shuttle run, and the flexed arm hang) was chosen as the best three item indoor battery. Its multiple R was 0.894. Battery F (Battery D and the one minute speed sit-up) had an R of 0.941 and was chosen as the best four item indoor predictor of the internal criterion. Battery G, (the shuttle run and the 300 yard run) with its multiple R of 0.763, was chosen as the best two item predictor of the external criterion. With the addition of the standing broad jump, Battery H was formed. Its multiple R of 0.775, made this battery the best predictor of the external criterion. Battery J, (the standing broad jump, the shuttle run, and the flexed arm hang) with its R of 0.752, was chosen as the best indoor predictor of the external criterion. The high degree of validity of the C.A.H.P.E.R. Fitness-Performance Test as measured by the Fleishman Basic Fitness Test was substantiated by: a) the multiple correlation coefficient of 0.790, b) the zero-order correlation coefficient of 0.751. Batteries G and H, however, predict the Fleishman Test almost as well as the complete C.A.H.P.E.R. Test. The relatively high relationship between each of the following: a) the one minute speed sit-up, b) the shuttle run, c) the 50 yard run, d) the 300 yard run, indicated that the C.A.H.P.E.R. Fitness-Performance Test contains measures of variance common to more than one test item. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an endurance exercise program on a group of middle-aged men. Ten subjects were tested before and after seventeen weeks of endurance training at The University of British Columbia using five tests, three of which were tests of cardiovascular condition. The tests used are as follows: 1. Schneider Test Variables are: lying pulse rate, standing pulse rate, post-exercise pulse rate, time for pulse rate to return to standing value, difference between pulse rate lying to standing, and standing to post-exercise difference, lying systolic blood pressure, standing systolic blood pressure, the difference between lying and standing systolic blood pressure and Schneider index score. 2. Progressive Pulse Ratio Variables are: recovery pulse counts for rates of 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 steps per minute, average ratio and average angle. 3. Pulse Pressure Wave. (Brachial Sphygmograph) Variables are: A. Sitting area under the curve, systolic amplitude, dicrotic notch amplitude, fatigue ratio, diastolic amplitude, rest-to-work ratio, obliquity angle, systolic time, diastolic time, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. B. Standing area under the curve, pulse rate, systolic amplitude, difference between sitting and standing systolic amplitude. C. Post-Exercise systolic amplitude 4. Body Fat Measurements Variables are: cheek fold, abdominal fold, hip fold, front thigh fold, gluteal fold, rear thigh fold, sum of all and average. 5. Body Weight Significant changes at the .05 level of confidence occurred in ten variables of forty-four used in this study. A significant reduction in body fat at the .05 level of confidence occurred in the abdominal fold, front thigh fold, gluteal fold, sum of all and average of all, though a reduction in body weight was not significant at the .05 level of confidence. Sitting pulse rate, sitting systolic blood pressure, standing airea under the curve and standing pulse rate of the Pulse Pressure Wave were significant at the .05 level of confidence. One variable of the Schneider Test - time for the pulse to return to standing value - was significant at the .05 level of confidence. No significant changes occurred in the Progressive Pulse Ratio Test variables. Only three correlation co-efficients were of sufficient size to be considered significantly different from zero. These were the co-efficients of correlation between attendance and average pulse ratio, front thigh fat fold and rear thigh fat fold. Although only five of thirty-five cardiovascular variables showed statistically significant improvements, the members of the group stated that their tolerance to the stress of the endurance exercise program had improved. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1945 K5 / Master of Science