Orientador: José Antonio Siqueira Dias / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T01:07:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Avila_PauloUrbano_M.pdf: 12384470 bytes, checksum: df7ef08ecb3c0ab8dd1f62cc247aeb0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Apresenta-se a aplicação do projeto metodológico no desenvolvimento de uma maleta para calibração e simulação de sensores em campo (SimuCal®). Este produto passou por todas as etapas do projeto de um produto novo: desenvolvimento, planejamento e aplicação, projeto conceitual e, finalmente, projeto do produto. A metodologia de projeto axiomático foi utilizada para guiar os projetistas pelas distintas fases mencionadas. O sistema foi desenvolvido visando aplicação na área de motores da indústria automotiva. Baseado nas observações coletadas por usuários que testaram o sistema, conclui-se que ele apresenta boa aceitação pelo público-alvo, além de ter custos inferiores aos produtos similares. Para automatizar o processo de medidas, utiliza-se uma placa de condicionamento (PADSi®) para termopar (tipo K) e um transdutor de pressão relativa (Motorola®). Um canal direto do micro controlador recebe e trata o sinal de frequência. O micro-controlador utilizado foi um MSP430 G2231 programado em linguagem C. Os valores recebidos pelo micro-controlador são convertidos, utilizando o módulo de Conversão Analógica Digital (ADC) do microcontrolador, tratados e enviados para o PC através da comunicação serial UART. A conversão AD do sinal é realizada pelo módulo de Conversão AD do microcontrolador da TEXAS MSP 430, com processador RISC de 16 bits. Para o computador, foi desenvolvido um programa usando LabVIEW® ® para: Aquisição dos Dados (via USB), Interface com Usuário (GUI) e Armazenamento de Dados (Datalogger). LabVIEW® é uma linguagem de programação gráfica da empresa National Instruments, com recursos que permitem a criação de interfaces gráficas para usuário (GUI), bem como entrada, saída e armazenamento de dados. O MSP430 G2231 é um micro-controlador com arquitetura Reduced Instructions Set Computing (RISC) com uma arquitetura de barramento clássica Von Neumann (Memória de programa igual à memória de dados). Seus barramentos de Endereço e Dados são de 16 bits / Abstract: An application of a methodological project in the development of a briefcase for calibration and simulation of Field sensors (SimuCal®) is presented. This product underwent of phases of a new product design: development, planning and application, conceptual design and, finally, product design. The axiomatic project design has been used to guide the involved professionals in the various mentioned phases. The system has been developed to be used in the engine area of automotive industry. Based in the collected observations of users who have tested the system, one can conclude that it is well accepted by the target market, having also lower costs than similar products. To automate the measurement process, a conditioning (PADSi®) thermocouple plate (K type) and a relative pressure transduction (Motorola®) are used. A micro-controller direct channel acquires and treats the frequency signal. The micro-controller used was a MSP430 G2231 written in C language. The values received by the micro-controller are converted, using the micro-controller Analog to Digital Conversion module, being then treated and sent to the PC by means of a serial port UART. The AD signal conversion is performed by the TEXAS MSP 430 micro-controller module, with a 16 bits RISC processor. To use in the computer, a software using LabVIEW® was developed for: Data Acquisition (via USB), Graphical User Interface and Data Storage (Datalogger). LabVIEW® is a language for graphical programming developed by National Instruments, with resources for creating Graphical User Interfaces, as well as input, output and storage of data. MSP430 G2231 is a micro-controller using RISC (Reduced Instructions Set Computing) architecture and the classical Von Neumann (program memory equal to data memory) bus architecture. Its addresses and data buses are 16 bits ones / Mestrado / Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Dans cette thèse nous donnons une description complète de la dynamique d’une classe L de fonctions de degré un du cercle, supposées de classe (deux fois dérivable) C^2 à l’exception de deux points où seule la continuité est exigée, et telles qu’elles soient constantes sur un des intervalles délimité par ces derniers. De plus sur des demi-voisinages ouverts de ces points elles s’écrivent sous la forme x^l où l est un nombre réel positif appelé l’exposant critique de la fonction. Dans le chapitre 2 nous montrons pour la sous-classe de L des fonctions dont le nombre de rotation est de type borné, l’existence d’une transition dans la géométrie du système lorsque l’exposant critique traverse 2. Le cas plus général de fonctions en L avec nombre de rotation infinie est considéré dans le chapitre 3. Il devient pourtant plus délicat d’émettre des conjectures ; on rencontre parfois des surprises dues à laprésence de phénomènes paraboliques. De plus, nos résultats sur les applications du cercle nous permettent d’étudier l’intéressante théorie des flots de Cherry (chapitre 4). En particulier, on construit un exemple de tel flot qui a ensemble quasi-minimale métriquement non trivial. Nous donnons également une description complète des mesures physiques sur ce flot. Dans le chapitre 5 nous construisons un contrexemple de Denjoy qui est un difféomorphisme (indéfiniment dérivable) C^∞ partout sauf dans un point qui est demi-critique plat pour la fonction. / The principal purpose of this thesis is to give a complete description of the dynamics of a class L of circle maps of degree one, supposed to be (two times differentiable) C^2 everywhere with the exception of two points where the maps are continuous. Moreover the maps are constant on any of the two intervals delimited by this two points. In particular, on a half open neighborhood of this two points the maps can be written as an x^l where the real positive number l is called the critical exponent of the function. In Chapter 2 we prove the existence of a global phase transition when the critical exponent passes through l = 2, for functions of L with rotation number of bounded type. The more general case of function in L with rotation number of unbounded type is studied in Chapter 3. In this case it becomes more delicate to make conjectures ; in fact it often hides surprises due to the presence of underlying parabolic phenomena. Moreover, our results on circle maps give us the opportunity to study the interesting theory of Cherry flows (Chapter 4). In particular we construct an example of such a flow with a metrically non-trivial quasi-minimal set and we give a complete description on the physical measures for this kind of flows. In Chapter 5 we construct a Denjoy counterexample which is a (smooth) C^∞ diffeomorphism away from a half-critical point.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les sujets suivants :- la stabilité ergodique pour les systèmes conservatifs ;- la généricité de l'existence d'exposants positifs pour certains produits tordus avec fibres de dimension deux ;- rigidité des mesures $u$-Gibbs pour certains systèmes partiellement hyperboliques ;- la transitivité robuste.Nous donnons une preuve de la stabilité ergodique pour certains systèmes partiellement hyperboliques sans utiliser l'accessibilité. Ces systèmes ont été introduits par Pierre Berger et Pablo Carrasco, et ils ont les propriétés suivantes : ils possèdent une direction centrale bidimensionnelle ; ils sont non-uniformément hyperboliques avec un exposant positif et un exposant négatif le long de la direction centrale pour presque tout point, et la décomposition d'Oseledets n'est pas dominée.Dans un autre travail, nous donnons des critères de stabilité ergodique pour des systèmes ayant une décomposition dominée. En particulier, nous explorons la notion d'hyperbolicité par chaîne introduite par Sylvain Crovisier et Enrique Pujals. À l'aide de cette notion, nous donnons des critères explicites de stabilité ergodique et nous donnons quelques applications.Dans un travail commun avec Mauricio Poletti, nous prouvons que le produit aléatoire de difféomorphismes de surface conservatifs possède génériquement une région avec des exposants positifs. Nos résultats s'appliquent également aux produits tordus plus généraux.Nous étudions également les perturbations dissipatives de l'exemple de Berger-Carrasco. Nous classifions toutes les mesures $u$-Gibbs qui peuvent apparaître dans un voisinage de l'exemple. Dans ce voisinage, nous prouvons que toute mesure $u$-Gibbs est soit l'unique mesure SRB du système, soit la désintégration dans le feuilletage central est atomique. Dans un travail commun avec Pablo Carrasco, nous prouvons que cet exemple est robustement transitif (en fait robustement topologiquement mélangeant). / In this thesis we study the following topics:-stable ergodicity for conservative systems;-genericity of the existence of positive exponents for some skew products with two dimensional fibers;-rigidity of $u$-Gibbs measure for certain partially hyperbolic systems;-robust transitivity.We give a proof of stable ergodicity for a certain partially hyperbolic system without using accessibility. This system was introduced by Pierre Berger and Pablo Carrasco, and it has the following properties: it has a two dimensional center direction; it is non-uniformly hyperbolic having both a positive and a negative exponent along the center for almost every point, and the Oseledets decomposition is not dominated.In a different work, we find criteria of stable ergodicity for systems with a dominated splitting. In particular, we explore the notion of chain-hyperbolicity introduced by Sylvain Crovisier and Enrique Pujals. With this notion we give explicit criteria of stable ergodicity, and we give some applications.In a joint work with Mauricio Poletti, we prove that the random product of conservative surface diffeomorphisms generically has a region with positive exponents. Our results also hold for more general skew products.We also study dissipative perturbations of the Berger-Carrasco example. We classify all the $u$-Gibbs measures that may appear inside a neighborhood of the example. In this neighborhood, we prove that any $u$-Gibbs measure is either the unique SRB measure of the system or it has atomic disintegration along the center foliation. In a joint work with Pablo Carrasco, we prove that this example is robustly transitive (indeed robustly topologically mixing).