Master of Science in Veterinary Science / A investigation into soil nutrient and the change soil physical properties was carried out for three pasture systems for dairy cows; the complementary forage rotation (CFR) which comprised of brassica (Brassica napus )/clover (Trifolium resupinatum ) and maize (Zea mays) capable of achieving more than 40 t/ha, the typical intensive pasture (PI) with kikuyu grass (Penisetum clandestinum) over-sown with ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and the extensive system (PE); on two soil types (brown chromosol and black vertisol) . The study demonstrated that the CFR system was capable of doubling its yield by using similar fertilizers (N, P and K) and water inputs compared to these of the PI system resulting of greater nutrients (N and K) and water use efficiencies. Overall, the nutrient lost through runoff water was very limited for two intensive systems and nearly nil for PE system. Also similar trends were observed for soil physical properties in the intensive systems except for the topsoil (0-10 cm) where light acidification (P= 0.04) was recorded in the CFR probably due to the soil works before the maize sowing.

Master of Science in Veterinary Science / A investigation into soil nutrient and the change soil physical properties was carried out for three pasture systems for dairy cows; the complementary forage rotation (CFR) which comprised of brassica (Brassica napus )/clover (Trifolium resupinatum ) and maize (Zea mays) capable of achieving more than 40 t/ha, the typical intensive pasture (PI) with kikuyu grass (Penisetum clandestinum) over-sown with ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and the extensive system (PE); on two soil types (brown chromosol and black vertisol) . The study demonstrated that the CFR system was capable of doubling its yield by using similar fertilizers (N, P and K) and water inputs compared to these of the PI system resulting of greater nutrients (N and K) and water use efficiencies. Overall, the nutrient lost through runoff water was very limited for two intensive systems and nearly nil for PE system. Also similar trends were observed for soil physical properties in the intensive systems except for the topsoil (0-10 cm) where light acidification (P= 0.04) was recorded in the CFR probably due to the soil works before the maize sowing.

Master of Science in Veterinary Science / A investigation into soil nutrient and the change soil physical properties was carried out for three pasture systems for dairy cows; the complementary forage rotation (CFR) which comprised of brassica (Brassica napus )/clover (Trifolium resupinatum ) and maize (Zea mays) capable of achieving more than 40 t/ha, the typical intensive pasture (PI) with kikuyu grass (Penisetum clandestinum) over-sown with ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and the extensive system (PE); on two soil types (brown chromosol and black vertisol) . The study demonstrated that the CFR system was capable of doubling its yield by using similar fertilizers (N, P and K) and water inputs compared to these of the PI system resulting of greater nutrients (N and K) and water use efficiencies. Overall, the nutrient lost through runoff water was very limited for two intensive systems and nearly nil for PE system. Also similar trends were observed for soil physical properties in the intensive systems except for the topsoil (0-10 cm) where light acidification (P= 0.04) was recorded in the CFR probably due to the soil works before the maize sowing.

Orientador: Carlos Roberto Espindola / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T08:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Colodro_Gilberto_D.pdf: 1303522 bytes, checksum: 0ad772710ae2e3db6a985db59816eabf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Foi avaliado o efeito do lodo de esgoto na recuperação de um subsolo degradado em decorrência da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira, por retirada de espessa camada de solo original (área de empréstimo), há mais de 30 anos. A área está localizada no município de Selvíria, MS, tendo sido utilizados, na construção da barragem, caminhões ¿fora-de-estrada¿ e máquinas pesadas que promoveram elevada compactação do subsolo remanescente e conseqüente decréscimo da sua capacidade produtiva, refletida pela vegetação arbustiva empobrecida que aí se instalou, sem a capacidade de cobrir toda a superfície do terreno. Por tratar-se de gleba inserida na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Unesp do Campus de Ilha Solteira, sua recuperação se afigura fundamental, para inserir-se às demais, produtivas. No processo de recuperação foi empregado lodo de lagoas aeradas, obtido junto à Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Araçatuba, tendo sido aplicado em superfície e incorporado a uma profundidade de 0,10 m. O delineamento estatístico foi o de blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições cada, totalizando 16 parcelas com dimensões de 10,0 x 12,0 metros, sendo definidas as seguintes doses de lodo de esgoto: 0, 30, 60 Mg ha-1 em base seca, além de fertilizante mineral, com dosagem estabelecida a partir de análise preliminar do solo e da necessidade da cultura. Foi plantado o Eucalipto citriodora em sulco, com aproximadamente 0,30m de profundidade e semeado capim Brachiária decumbens a lanço, trinta dias após a incorporação do lodo. O espaçamento do eucalipto foi de 1,5 x 2,0 m, totalizando 40 plantas por parcela e 640 plantas no experimento. O experimento foi instalado no início de 2002, e os parâmetros do solo e da cultura avaliados aos 180 e 360 dias após a aplicação do lodo e plantio do eucalipto. Para determinar a qualidade do solo (sua recuperação) foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo: densidade, porosidade, capacidade de troca catiônica, atividade respiratória, carbono na massa microbiana. Avaliou-se também o desenvolvimento da cultura do eucalipto aos 180 e 360 dias após a incorporação do lodo de esgoto. Pode se afirmar que, nesse período, o manejo empregado promoveu incremento na qualidade do solo, a julgar pelo aumento significativo de fósforo, potássio, magnésio, matéria orgânica e CTC. O lodo de esgoto promoveu redução no valor da densidade do solo, com aumento da macroporosidade e da porosidade total na camada superficial. Entretanto, a microporosidade não se mostrou afetada pelo tratamento com o resíduo, provavelmente em decorrência do curto período de observação, devendo continuar a ser objeto de investigações na área experimental. O lodo de esgoto promoveu aumento na atividade microbiana, confirmando tratar-se de um adequado indicativo de qualidade ao monitoramento da área em recuperação, mesmo para um curto período de observação. Entretanto, os níveis de carbono na biomassa microbiana não se mostraram afetados pelo tratamento com o resíduo, o que deverá ocorrer com o transcorrer do tempo, requerendo observações posteriores. O desenvolvimento das plantas de eucalipto foi outro parâmetro que respondeu muito prontamente ao manejo aplicado / Abstract: The effect of the sewage sludge mud was evaluated in the recovery of an underground degraded due to the retreat of thick layer of original soil (loan area) more than 30 years ago, for occasion of the construction of the Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Power Plant. The area is located in the municipal district of Selvíria, MS State, having been used in the construction of the dam, trucks "out-of-road" and heavy machines which promoted high compactation of the remaining underground and consequent decrease of its fertility which is visualized by the poorness of the underbrush vegetation that has been settled, without the capacity to cover the whole land surface. The recovery of this area is much more important because it stays in the Experimental Farm of the Unesp, Ilha Solteira campus, and it must to be incorporated in the Farm productive area. In the recovery process it was used aerobic sewage sludge, obtained in the Araçatuba Sewage Treatment Station close to, having been applied in surface and incorporated to a depth of 0,10 m. The statistical design utilized was the randomized blocks with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions each, totalizing 16 plots with dimensions of 10,0 x 12,0 meters, being defined the following doses of sewer mud: 0, 30, 60 Mg ha-1 in dry basis, besides mineral fertilizer, with doses established since previous soil analysis of the soil and of the culture requisitions. The Eucalyptus citriodora was planted with approximately 0,30 m of depth and sowed Brachiaria decumbens grass, thirty days after the sewuage sludge incorporation. The spacing of the eucalyptus was of 1,5 x 2,0 m, totalizing 40 plants for plot and 640 plants in the hole experiment. The experiment was installed in the beginning of 2002, and the parameters of the soil and of the culture determined to 180 and 360 days after the application of the sludge and plantation of the eucalyptus. In order to determine the soil quality (its recovery) the following physical, chemical and biological parameters were studied: soil: density, porosity, cationic change capacity (CTC), breathing activity and carbon level in the microbial mass. It was also evaluated the development of the eucalyptus culture at 180 and 360 days after the sewage sludge incorporation It can be affirmed that in the period, the handling utilized promoted increment in the soil quality, considering the significant increase of phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, organic matter and CTC levels. The sewage sludge promoted reduction in the value of the density of the soil with increase of the macro porosity and of the total porosity in the superficial stratum. However, the micro porosity wasn¿t affected by the treatment with the residue, probably due to the short observation period, should continue to be object of investigations in the experimental area. The sewage sludge increased the microbial activity, confirming to be an appropriate quality indicative of monitoring of the area in recovery, even for a short observation period. However, the biomass microbial carbon levels weren¿t affected by the treatment with the residue, what should happen with elapsing of the time, requesting posterior observations. The eucalyptus plants development was other parameter that answered very quickly to the applied handling / Doutorado / Agua e Solo / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:25:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvanaTravinski.pdf: 2793954 bytes, checksum: d9b67ec4fc80683573196ad7d86cd258 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Some soil physical properties alter due to the management conducted on them. It is the management that largely produces the main modifications in the soil structure. Soil non harvest and conventional managements are the more investigated cultivation methods. Non harvest appeared as an alternative to the conventional, nevertheless, comparative studies of the alterations produced by those two types of management systems can supply important subsidies in the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of a system in relation to the other. The objective of this work was to compare the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity of a Red Latossol submitted to non harvest, conventional tillage and secondary forest and, to correlate it to other physical properties of the soil, such as soil particle density, soil particle distribution (sand, silte and clay), soil bulk density, soil micro and macro porosity. The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity was obtained using a Guelph permeameter. A rectangular mesh composed of 35 measurement positions was used. The investigated physical properties were analyzed using the classical statistics, which is based on the calculation of averages, standard deviation, variation coefficient, minimum and maximum values and asymmetry and curtosys coefficients. Also, there were made histograms to verify the nature of the distribution and the variability of the measured variables and boxplot graphs to identify discrepant points. For a visualization of their variability, maps of these properties were performed. As compared to the non harvest, the conventional tillage system presented a larger saturated soil hydraulic conductivity. The soil saturated hydraulic conductivity did not present correlation with no other properties of the soil than soil macroporosity, for both investigated soil tillage management. / Algumas propriedades físicas do solo sofrem alterações devido ao manejo nele empregado. É o manejo que em grande parte produz as principais modificações na estrutura dos solos. Os sistemas de manejo do solo mais pesquisados são os plantio direto e o convencional. O plantio direto surgiu como uma alternativa ao convencional, portanto, estudos comparativos das alterações produzidas pelos dois tipos de sistemas de manejo mencionados podem fornecer subsídios importantes na análise das vantagens e desvantagens de um sistema em relação ao outro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de determinar a condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico submetido ao sistema de manejo em plantio direto, plantio convencional e floresta secundária (área que está em estágio de sucessão vegetacional) e, correlacionar essa condutividade hidráulica com outras propriedades físicas do solo, tais como a densidade de partículas, as frações granulométricas (areia, silte e argila), a densidade do solo, a porosidade total do solo, a microporosidade e a macroporosidade do solo. O parâmetro condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado foi obtida com o uso do permeâmetro de Guelph. Utilizou-se uma malha retangular composta de 35 pontos amostrais. As propriedades físicas investigadas foram analisadas utilizando-se a estatística clássica, a qual está baseada no cálculo de médias, desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação, valores mínimo e máximo e coeficientes de assimetria e curtose. Juntamente com essa análise foram feitos os histogramas para verificar a natureza da distribuição e a variabilidade das variáveis levantadas e gráfico boxplot para identificar pontos discrepantes. Para uma visualização do seu comportamento espacial, mapas das propriedades de cada sistema de manejo foram categorizados. Com o permeâmetro de Guelph foi possível determinar que o sistema plantio convencional apresentou valores médios maiores do que o plantio direto. A condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado não apresentou correlação com as demais propriedades do solo. Somente os valores médios da condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, nos sistemas plantio direto e convencional apresentaram correlação com os valores médios da macroporosidade do solo.