Ionization measurements as a function of concentration and pressure have been made in nitrogen and nitrogen-sulfur hexafluoride gas mixtures containing either cyclopropane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, ethane, or impurity. These studies have been made to understanding of the gas kinetics involved propane as contribute in nitrogen an to the and nitrogen-sulfur hexafluoride laser systems. Impurity gases were chosen on the basis of their ionization potentials relative to the C3πu state in nitrogen that is responsible for the lasing action. Analysis of the data indicated that a Jesse effect exists for those impurity gases whose ionization potentials lie below the C3πu state of nitrogen and that the effect is enhanced by the addition of SF6. The ionization was found to be dependent on pressure for mixtures containing SF6.

The Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) is used in the anodic stripping analysis of ppm concentrations of chromium. The effects of such parameters as ionic strength, polymeric film formation, and the use of the chromate-sodium acetate standard are interpreted in terms of the electro-chemical and physical properties of chromium in the +3 and +6 oxidation states.

In recent years, the growing attention to coal quality by coal-burning utilities has led to an increase in coal blending. Coal blending is done with both economics and the quality of coal in mind. To assess the quality of coal, pyrolysis and combustion influencing thermal parameters, as measured in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments can be applied. The coal industry needs a study to determine relationships that may exist between the measured values of TGA thermal parameters in individual coals and those in the blends. The TGA thermal parameters are the weight loss, Tmax, Ti, T1/2, tmax, tbreak point, tcombustion end point, Rmax and residue. With these relationships, there exists the possibility of accurate prediction of values of these parameters in the coal blends. In this study, a series of coal blends were prepared and thermal parameters for the blends were measured to examine the additive or nonadditive nature of results obtained under both pyrolysis and combustion conditions using thermogravimetric analysis.

The effects of ionic strength and various anions on the rate of electron transfer between tris(2,2'-dipyridine) cobalt(III) and bis(2,2',2"-tripyridine) cobalt(II) complexes have been examined in acetophenone. The redox rate was found to increase with increasing ionic strength in both the presence and absence of added salts. The reaction was first order with respect to each reactant and second order overall in all cases. The influence of the C104, BF4, and B(C6H5)4 anions on the reaction rate was studied with their order of effectiveness being: C104- > BF4 >> B(C6H5)4. The reverse trend occurs in their ion pairing properties where the large size of the B(C6F5)4 stronger anion exerts a much stronger tendency to form ion pairs with the large reactant cations than either of the C104 and BF4 species. The proposed rate law in the presence of the C104 and BF4 anions was as follows: Rate = Kx[Co(dipy)3/3+][Co(tripy)2X+ where the rate is independent of the anion concentration. An alternate rate law was proposed for the B(C6H5)T4 anion where a greater degree of ion pairing was obtained. In the absence of added salts, the redox rate Is believed to occur by two different reaction pathways. Activation parameters were determined for each salt system as well as in the absence of added salts at µ = 0.0027 M and over a temperature range of 25-41°C. Factors affecting the activation parameters are discussed.

The objective of this thesis is the study of the reactions of carbyl sulfate with two classes of weak bases: alcohols and nitriles. Of lesser maonitude the thesis will present a syncpsis of the probable mechanism of the reactions of carbyl sulfate.

The model is a linear chain in which each spin interacts with its 2r nearest neighbors, the interaction energy being proportional to 1/r. Using a method similar to that of Montroll, the partition function of the model in the thermodynamic limit is shown to be related to the largest eigenvalue of a certain matrix. The largest eigenvalue of the matrix is determined numerically for 3 < r < 12. Also, a correct method is demonstrated for evaluating an improper limit of the model, in which the interaction range is set to the chain length before the limit of an infinite number of spins is taken. Previously published works have performed this calculation incorrectly. Although the numerical results show some evidence of convergence to the improper limit, the results are inconclusive and furthermore raise doubts about the practicality of the numerical method in this context.

It was the purpose of this work to study the extraction of Cu(II) and Ag(I) with dithizone in chloroform. This particular pair of elements was chosen for study for several reasons. The most prominent of these reasons is that these two elements are found together in nature and are often found combined in manufactured products. Being in the same periodic group, they exhibit similar chemical characteristics making them difficult to separate without special procedures. These similar chemical characteristics make the analysis of these elements difficult when in the presence of each other. Finally, it is of importance that both elements are extracted quantitatively at the same pH by dithlzone. Separation based on relative rates of extraction appeared to offer a potential solution to the efficient separation and analysis of traces of copper and silver.

The purpose of this study was to obtain greater accuracy in the measurement of the heat of reaction by combining data from various thermal analysis techniques. Conventional equations that calculate heat of reaction are limited because they do not take in to account mass change. Therefore, an enhanced equation was developed to integrate mass (weight) change to provide greater accuracy. The path chosen to implement this new equation employed simultaneous Thermogravimetric / Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) that could provide both ΔT and weight data simultaneously. Computer programs were written in C and Pascal languages to provide communication capabilities between computers and to calculate heat of reaction using various equations. This included a qualitative to quantitative (ΔT to ΔH) conversion which was performed to the DTA data file to which the enhanced equation was applied. Various samples were used to test and monitor the performance of the developed equations.

Since all the nitrogen compounds that have been identified in coal-derived liquids in the past have been basic in character, the effect of an acid-wash on the nitrogen content of coal-derived liquids was examined. Because sulfuric acid is the cheapest of the commerical strong acids, it was the natural choice, and its use was examined in detail. The greater the concentration of the sulfuric acid used, the greater the amount of nitrogen removed. :he sulfur compounds in coal-derived liquids were not removed noticeably by extraction with sulfuric acid. Column chromatography is a possible technique for removal of nitrogen compounds. The sulfur content was not changed by the column chromatography method. Although the sources of coal were different, they were found to respond to both acid extraction and column chromatography.

The purpose of this research is to determine the contact potential of cuprous oxide, Cu2O, with respect to gold. A band model for cuprous oxide is presented. Single-crystal cuprous oxide is prepared from Oxygen Free High Conductivity copper equilibrated at 120°C and at atmospheric pressure. The contact potential difference of cuprous oxide (using gold as a reference) is measured in a bakeable ultrahigh vacuum system using a modified version of Nelson's electron beam retardation method. Measurements made at 10-6 torr and at room temperature give a value of 0.1 +/-0.05 eV for the contact potential difference of cuprous oxide with respect to gold. Photoelectric emission from the gold reference is approximately 4.9 eV. Hence, the Fermi level resides at approximately 5 eV below vacuum zero. This places the Fermi level between the valence band which was found to be at approximately 5.1 eV and the acceptor levels which reside somewhere between 0.3 eV and 0.6 eV above the valence band. From optical experiments the band width has been determined to be approximately 2.3 eV. If 5.1 eV is taken as the top of the valence band and 2.3 eV is the band gap, then the electron affinity of cuprous oxide is approximately 2.8 eV.