No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The possible significance of cognitive and situational factors in determining the response to alcohol suggests that behavioral changes following drinking may reflect a lack of self-control not solely attributable to the pharmacological effect. In an initial experiment subjects were requested to overcome the effects of alcohol (1.32 ml/kg 95% ethanol). In comparison with a no-motivation group (n = 11), motivated subjects (n = 14) demonstrated compensation on aspects of tasks involving memory, coordination and affect. It was speculated that attributions of causality (internal or external) for relative control might influence its occurrence and maintenance. In a second experiment false dose feedback was expected to interact with relative control to affect subjects' (n = 45) attributions. A greater level of sobriety was achieved by subjects who were led to attribute responsibility to themselves. Also, it appeared that further drinking was affected by cognitive influences. Implications of the self-control phenomenon, especially regarding the non-pharmacological role and the etiology of excessive drinking, are discussed.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Energy Metabolism in Heart, Previous studies have demonstrated that acute or chronic exposureto ozone results in (1) alterations in the glutathione peroxidase system, and (2) the functional activity of sulfhydryls and sulfhydryl-contain+nq enzymes in lung tissue and erythrocytes. As a result, both structural damage and changes in metabolic profile occur. The present study examined tie effects of acute exposure to ozone on the metabolic properties of hamster heart(H), liver(L), and gastrocnemius(G) tissues. Measures included in vitro oxidative capacity(Q02) and the optimal activity of the marker enzymes 2-oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase(20GDII), Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase(CPT), hexokinase(HI;), Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase(G6PDH), and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH). Relative to controls, both L and G tissues had significantlydepressed QC02 values(Pc0.01). Heart was unaffected. Significant treatment effects were also found for 20GDH(H,L), CPT(L), HK(H), and G6PDH(H). The data support previous work on lung and erythrocytes suggesting shifts in metabolic profiles in an attempt to counteract the deleterious effects of ozone exposure on cellular lipids or enzymes with sulfhydryl groups. Thepresent data also indicate that brief exposure to ozone will have an effect upon tissues other than the lungs or erythrocytes.