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We propose a Bayesian monaural source separation system to extract each individual tone from mixture signals of piano music performance. Specifically, tone extractions can be facilitated by model-based inference. Two signal models based on summation of sinusoidal waves were employed to represent piano tones. The first model is the traditional General Model, which is a variant of sinusoidal modeling, for representing a tone for high modeling quality; but this model often fails for mixtures of tones. The second model is an instrument-specific model tailored for the piano sound; its modeling quality is not as high as the traditional General Model, but its structure makes source separation easier. To exploit the benefits offered by both the traditional General Model and our proposed Piano Model, we used the hierarchical Bayesian framework to combine both models in the source separation process. These procedures allowed us to recover suitable parameters (frequencies, amplitudes, phases, intensities and fine-tuned onsets) for thorough analyses and characterizations of musical nuances. Isolated tones from a target recording were used to train the Piano Model, and the timing and pitch of individual music notes in the target recording were supplied to our proposed system for different experiments. Our results show that our proposed system gives robust and accurate separation of signal mixtures, and yields a separation quality significantly better than those reported in previous works. / What makes a good piano performance? An expressive piano performance owes its emotive power to the performer's skills in shaping the music with nuances. For the purpose of performance analysis, nuance can be defined as any subtle manipulation of sound parameters including attack, timing, pitch, loudness and timbre. A major obstacle to a systematic computational analysis of musical nuances is that it is often difficult to uncover relevant sound parameters from the complex audio signal of a piano music performance. A piano piece invariably involves simultaneous striking of multiple keys, and it is not obvious how one may extract the parameters of individual keys from the combined mixed signal. This problem of parameter extraction can be formulated as a source separation problem. Our research goal is to extract individual tones (frequencies, amplitudes and phases) from a mixture of piano tones. / Szeto, Wai Man. / Adviser: Wong Kim Hong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-128). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 giareta_ep_me_ia.pdf: 3969355 bytes, checksum: 5755701543a489848e20bc316e2ecdef (MD5) / Pretende-se, neste trabalho, estudar a relação entre as obras para piano solo de Ronaldo Miranda, identificar os procedimentos composicionais utilizados pelo compositor e, a partir daí, extrair ferramentas que facilitem uma adequada interpretação musical das mesmas. O objeto deste projeto firma-se na interpretação musical, através das características notacionais da partitura à luz de um olhar analítico e do levantamento das peculiaridades da escrita pianística. Propõe-se que o intérprete tenha um conhecimento prévio dos elementos que são largamente utilizados pelo compositor e considere os exercícios técnicos sugeridos no último capítulo, compostos pelo autor deste trabalho, com base na identificação e recorrência dos padrões pianísticos composicionais de Ronaldo Miranda. Sendo assim, o pianista terá ao seu dispor recursos que fundamentarão uma postura interpretativa mais coesa, considerando o processo cognitivo, a percepção e a atenção dada no preparo para a execução da obra / It is intended to study the relationship between the works for solo piano by Ronaldo Miranda, identifying the compositional procedures used by the composer and, thereafter extracting tools to facilitate a proper musical interpretation thereof. The object of this project is based on the musical interpretation, through the notational characteristics under an analytical view and setting up the peculiarities of the pianistic writing. It is proposed that the interpreter has prior knowledge of the elements that are widely used by the composer and consider the technical exercises suggested in the last chapter, composed by the author of this research, based on the identification and recurrence of pianistic patterns of Ronaldo Miranda. Thus, the pianist will have at his disposal, resources that will build a more cohesive rendition, considering the cognitive process, perception and attention given in preparation for performing the work

Orientador: Nahim Marun Filho / Banca: Achille Guido Picchi / Banca: Ronaldo Coutinho de Miranda / Resumo: Pretende-se, neste trabalho, estudar a relação entre as obras para piano solo de Ronaldo Miranda, identificar os procedimentos composicionais utilizados pelo compositor e, a partir daí, extrair ferramentas que facilitem uma adequada interpretação musical das mesmas. O objeto deste projeto firma-se na interpretação musical, através das características notacionais da partitura à luz de um olhar analítico e do levantamento das peculiaridades da escrita pianística. Propõe-se que o intérprete tenha um conhecimento prévio dos elementos que são largamente utilizados pelo compositor e considere os exercícios técnicos sugeridos no último capítulo, compostos pelo autor deste trabalho, com base na identificação e recorrência dos padrões pianísticos composicionais de Ronaldo Miranda. Sendo assim, o pianista terá ao seu dispor recursos que fundamentarão uma postura interpretativa mais coesa, considerando o processo cognitivo, a percepção e a atenção dada no preparo para a execução da obra / Abstract: It is intended to study the relationship between the works for solo piano by Ronaldo Miranda, identifying the compositional procedures used by the composer and, thereafter extracting tools to facilitate a proper musical interpretation thereof. The object of this project is based on the musical interpretation, through the notational characteristics under an analytical view and setting up the peculiarities of the pianistic writing. It is proposed that the interpreter has prior knowledge of the elements that are widely used by the composer and consider the technical exercises suggested in the last chapter, composed by the author of this research, based on the identification and recurrence of pianistic patterns of Ronaldo Miranda. Thus, the pianist will have at his disposal, resources that will build a more cohesive rendition, considering the cognitive process, perception and attention given in preparation for performing the work / Mestre

Charles Valentin Alkan (1813-1888), one of the great genii in music history, was widely misunderstood by his contemporaries because of his highly idiosyncratic ideas. From the perspective of the late twentieth century, his innovations can be better understood, and his music is now gaining wider appreciation. Yet, today many musicians still do not know even his name, much less his achievements. The year 1988 marks the one hundredth year since his death. In commemoration of this centennial anniversary, this thesis is presented as a plea for a greater awareness of the achievements of this important figure in the development of piano music.

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Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Arnold van Wyk was a composer and a pianist. He recorded his largest work for piano, Night Music (1958), on LP in 1963. Steven de Groote performed Night Music on 21 July 1984 at the Cheltenham International Festival of Music. This live performance was broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 24 September 1984 and a copy of this broadcast exists in the Arnold van Wyk collection in the J.S. Gericke Library at Stellenbosch University. Night Music is a perfect example of Van Wyk’s compositional techniques for the keyboard. It demands a considerable musical imagination and piano technique from the performer. The score of Night Music contains many detailed instructions regarding the different musical parameters and it also encloses unusual terms such as glacial or lugubre. It shows that the composer is extremely concerned to control all aspects of the performance and expects great depth of interpretation of the performer. Analysing the score of Night Music together with a performance by the composer enables one to consider two versions of “authenticated text”. The comparison between Arnold van Wyk’s recording, score and Steven de Groote’s performance allows the researcher to draw conclusions about score fidelity as a condition for “authenticity” in performance. Therefore, the primary aim of this research project is to yield interesting perspectives on notions of authenticity in performance with regard to these two particular performances of Night Music. The main body of this thesis consists of four chapters. In Chapter One a philosophical discussion about authenticity in performance is presented. Chapter Two focuses on the contextualisation of the work under discussion, including the reception and a short analysis of Night Music. It is followed by Chapter Three which compares the pianism of Arnold van Wyk and Steven de Groote. These latter two chapters form the background of the comparative performance analysis of the renditions of Night Music by these two performers which are presented in Chapter Four. Through the careful comparative analysis of Arnold van Wyk’s and Steven de Groote’s performances of Night Music it was possible to observe that a composer can present a version of his work that departs quite radically from the score. As “authenticity in performance” strives to honour the composer’s intentions as notated in the score, this discrepancy illustrates the controversial nature of the discourse on the “authentic” in music.

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This documents aims at the identification of the sources of influence upon the styles of selected 20th century Chinese composers. Personal influences are reflected as well as those general influences specific to the different stylistic periods discussed. Most important, however, is the description of the methods by which these composers employ contemporary compositional devices to project musical gestures that are uniquely Chinese: elements of culture which are fundamentally programmatic and intimately related to the lives of the Chinese people. The introduction of Western music and musical instruments to China in the early 17th century and cultural exchanges with Japan served to gradually westernize the musical environment and training. The establishment of decidedly Western schools was accomplished at the beginning of this century, with the founding of Peking University and Shanghai National Conservatory. Music theory was taught, as well as history and composition, but with an emphasis on the practices of the 18th and 19th centuries. Compositions from this period reflect Western techniques from these eras, with some use of the pentatonic scale. In the 1930's, nationalism arose, a mirroring of the 19th-century European nationalistic trends. This philosophical conception has remained essentially unchanged to the present, as composers have aimed to utilize Western techniques to create artistic works and compositional styles which are uniquely Chinese. The musical works examined are limited to works for piano solo, as it is believed these are often more immediately revealing of compositional techniques and stylistic idioms.