The confinement properties of fusion plasmas are affected bymagnetic and electrostatic fluctuations. The determination ofthe plasma confinement properties requires the measurement ofseveral global and local quantities such as the ion andelectron temperatures, the electron and neutral densityprofiles, the radiation emissivity profiles, the ohmic inputpower and the particle and heat diffusivities. The focus ofthis thesis is the study of the plasma confinement propertiesbased on measurements of these quantities under differentexperimental conditions. The studies have been carried out on the reversed fieldpinch experiments EXTRAP T2 and T2R at the AlfvénLaboratory, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm.Studies carried out in EXTRAP T2 were focused on dynamoactivity and on the effect of phase alignment and locking tothe wall of magnetic instabilities. These were observed with adedicated imaging system. The experimental studies in EXTRAPT2R were focused on the measurement of the confinementproperties of different configurations. To this aim, a set ofdiagnostics were used some of which were upgraded, such as theinterferometer, while others were newly installed, such as aneutral particle energy analyser and a bolometer array. The dynamo, which is responsible for the plasma sustainment,involves resistive magnetohydrodynamic instabilities thatenhance stochastic transport. Furthermore, the plasmaconfinement properties are in general improved in the presenceof mode rotation. The possibility of reducing the stochastictransport and thereby further improving the confinement hasbeen demonstrated in a current profile control experiment.These results indicate that long pulse operations with aresisitive shell and current profile control are indeedfeasible. KeywordsEXTRAP T2, T2R, reversed field pinch, dynamo,energy confinement time, transport, CCD, bolometer,interferometer, neutral particle energy analyser, PPCD, MonteCarlo / QC 20100524

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Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1960. / "Controlled Thermonuclear Processes, UC-20" -t.p. "TID-4500 (15th Ed.)" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 13).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-132).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-134).

Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2005--Aachen.

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Abstract More than 900 papers related to organosolv pulping have been reviewed in this thesis. From the information included in those papers it can be concluded that organosolv pulping processes are still in a developing stage and are not yet ready to seriously threat the position of the kraft process as the main pulp manufacturing process in the world. Distillation seems to be the main alternative as the process for recovering the solvent in organosolv pulping. A good reason for this is that using simple distillation no potentially harmful components are introduced to the process. The effect of feed composition on the operation of a separation sequence in an organosolv process using aqueous formic and acetic acids and corresponding peroxyacids was studied. When simple distillation was used as the separation method the effect was found to be significant. The no ideal nature of the formic acid-acetic acid-water mixture, which separation was studied, makes the ternary composition space to divide into four distillation regions. Which region the feed is located in, obviously determines the economy of the distillation sequence. Shortcut calculation methods cannot be recommended to be used for designing a distillation sequence for the ternary mixture studied, but they give useful information for the comparison of such sequences. They were used to choose a limited number of alternatives for studies with rigorous calculation methods. Minimum work of separation can also be used to make a satisfying estimate for the relative easiness of separation of the formic acid-acetic acid-water mixture. Thermal integration using pinch technology was also tested and found very useful for decreasing the thermal energy consumption of distillation processes. Thermodynamic efficiencies for separating the formic acid-acetic acid-water mixture by simple distillation were estimated. They were found to be lower than the average value for distillation presented in literature.

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No description available.