Rätten att söka nödhamn eller vad som i dag kallas för skyddad plats är en gammal traditionsenlig rätt inom sjöfarten. I flera fall där fartyg har sökt skydd i en hamn i modern tid har fartyg nekats. Till följd av Erika, Castor och Prestige incidenterna runt 2000 talet, som i två av fallen ledde till stora miljökatastrofer i form av oljeutsläpp, insåg man at något behövde göras. IMO författade sina riktlinjer och EU författade direktiv 2002/59/EG som behandlar mottagandet av fartyg i behov av assistans på skyddad plats. Skyddad plats definieras som en hamn, del av hamn eller annan skyddande kaj eller annat skyddat område, till exempel ankarplats, som kan användas för att ta emot fartyg i en nödsituation eller i behov av assistans. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur beredskapen ser ut i Sverige och Danmark för att ta emot fartyg på skyddad plats. Vilka myndigheter som ingår i organisationen, vilka beslutsunderlag som finns, vilka lagar och direktiv de har att förhålla sig till och vilka utsedda skyddade platser som finns i de bägge länderna. För att få svar på frågeställning har studien främst utförts genom litteraturstudie men även kvalitativ intervju har använts. Resultatet visar att det finns riktlinjer från IMO som inte är legalt bindande, men även EU direktiv som införlivats i de bägge ländernas nationella lagstiftning. EU har även material som är tänkt att underlätta för länderna att upprätta sina egna beredskapsplaner utefter direktiv 2002/59/EG. Det finns regionala samarbeten i form av HELCOM för Östersjöområdet och Bonnavtalet för Skagerrak och Nordsjön vilka främjar samarbetet vid miljöinsatser och därmed behandlar ämnet skyddad plats. Bägge länder har utpekade skyddade platser och en myndighetsstruktur för att ta emot fartyg på skyddad plats. Studien tyder på att det är en viktig men komplex fråga. Det är många olika myndigheter och intressenter som är involverade. Det är fortfarande ett pågående arbete där Sverige reviderar sina planer i nuläget. Ett aktuellt ämne verkar vara incidenter med HNS och ratificeringen av HNS konventionen. / The right to seek refuge in port is an old customary right in shipping. In several cases where ships have sought refuge in a port in modern times, ships have been denied. As a result of the Erika, Castor and Prestige incidents around the 21st century, which in two of the cases led to major environmental disasters in the form of oil spills, it was realized that something needed to be done. The IMO drafted its guidelines and EU-drafted Directive 2002/59/EC dealing with the reception of ships in a place of refuge. A place of refuge is defined as a port, part of port or other protective berth or other protected area, such as anchorage, which can be used to receive ships in an emergency or in need of assistance. The purpose of this work is to investigate the preparedness in Sweden and Denmark to receive ships in a place of refuge. which authorities are part of the organization, what decision-making documents exist, what laws and directives are in place and which places of refuge that have been designated in the two countries; In order to get answers to the questions, the study has mainly been carried out through a literature study, but qualitative interview have also been used. The results show that there are guidelines from the IMO that are not legally binding, but also EU directives transposed into the national law of the two countries. The EU also has material intended to facilitate countries to draw up their own contingency plans under Directive 2002/59/EC. Both countries have designated protected sites and a governement structure for receiving ships in a place of refuge but quite different approach. The study shows that it is an important but complex issue. There are many different authorities and stakeholders involved. It is still a work in progress where Sweden is revising its plans at the moment. One current topic seems to be incidents regarding Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) and ratification of the HNS convention.

For years, Ward 7 in Washington, DC, has been a neglected area cut off from the rest of the city. For decades, the Anacostia River has served as a dividing line between Wards 7 and 8 from the rest of Washington DC. However, the neighborhood has much more to offer than being characterized as a location of violence, unemployment, insecurity, and isolation. The neighborhood is home to many people of color. This thesis poses the question: How can a community abandoned and neglected for decades be revived into a place of refuge? The project's target demographic includes families, students, and the community. However, the neighborhood has several obstacles, including food deserts, a lack of community gathering spaces, nearby amenities, residents having to drive to get necessities, and a lack of accessibility, transportation, walkability, and affordable housing. The first thing that needs to be acknowledged about Ward 7 is the lack of equal treatment and opportunities compared to the other wards. Children and adults should not be forced to travel long distances to get necessities. They should not feel afraid and unsafe to travel around and feel left out of social gatherings by choosing to live in Ward 7. The main goal of this thesis is to design and build a community in Ward 7 to accommodate housing and transform the neighborhood into an urban environment by enhancing different types of spaces to work in harmony to create an inclusive community experience for all. This thesis will also adapt sustainable elements to build a sustainable living environment that contributes to their well-being and the health of the individual community and the environment. This project introduces affordable housing with various amenities, grocery shops, a gym, a community space for study and work, sit-down restaurants, outdoor seating places, a neighborhood café, a pavilion, and two bridges: One is an amenity bridge that links the building to the pavilion. The other is a pedestrian bridge that allows residents and community members to stroll or bike to Kingman Island. / Master of Architecture / For decades, the Anacostia River has served as a dividing line between Wards 7 and 8 from the rest of Washington DC. The neighborhood is home to many people of color and green spaces, and an attractive and vibrant community for everyone. However, I feel that this community, like any other, needs equality. Children and adults who reside in the area need a higher standard of living. Equal opportunities should be provided. This thesis poses the question: How can a community abandoned and neglected for decades be revived into a place of refuge? The project aims to create an inclusive community experience by enhancing different types of spaces and adapting sustainable elements to build a sustainable living environment that contributes to their well-being, individual health, and environment. The neighborhood has several obstacles, including food deserts, a lack of nearby amenities, residents having to drive to get necessities, accessibility, transportation, walkability, and affordable housing. The project proposes affordable housing with various amenities, grocery shops, a gym, a community space for study and work, sit-down restaurants, outdoor seating places, a pavilion, and two bridges. An amenity bridge links the building to the pavilion; the other is a pedestrian bridge that allows residents and community members to stroll or bike to Kingman Island.