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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Cyanogenesis and the rhizosphere

Dartnall, A. M. January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
2

Soil and vegetation change on a coal mine 15 years after reclamation in the aspen parkland of Alberta

Stanton-Kennedy, Tremayne 13 February 2009 (has links)
To evaluate the outcomes of reclamation design, soil and plant community changes on an unmanaged, 15-year-old certified-reclaimed site were analysed and compared with an undisturbed reference location. Patterns were analysed using MRPP while change was measured with rmANOVA. Plant species were poor predictors of selected soil properties. Percent soil organic carbon increased (p = 0.032), while soil pH did not change. Overall plant community composition did not change in proportion of cover between a priori groups of seeded/unseeded species or between native/introduced species. Individual species did vary in amount of cover change between 1993 and 2007. A linear regression of richness versus area covered by native species determined that the Shannon index is not a suitable measurement for monitoring plant community change towards the reference ecosystem. These findings highlight the importance of initial design, and the potential additive role of landscape architects as part of reclamation planning.
3

Modélisation de la croissance des plantes en interaction avec la ressource en eau et contrôle optimal de l'irrigation / Modeling of plant growth interacting with water resources and optimal control of irrigation scheduling

Li, Zhongping 14 January 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet Digiplante au laboratoire MAS de l’École Centrale Paris, en collaboration avec l'unité de recherche G-eau au sein de l'IRSTEA. Dans un contexte de raréfaction de la ressource en eau, il est important de mieux valoriser l'usage de l'eau dans la production agricole. Pour la conception d'outils d'aide à la décision pour les agriculteurs ou les gestionnaires agricoles, il est nécessaire de développer une démarche quantitative permettant de décrire l'interaction de la ressource en eau avec la production végétale. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette thèse multidisciplinaire est de proposer une méthodologie basée sur la modélisation de l'interaction plante-sol-atmosphère par couplage de modèles et sur le contrôle optimal pour gérer les stratégies d'irrigation. La première contribution de cette thèse consiste en le développement et l'étude de modèles couplés plante-sol, à différentes échelles. A titre de comparaison avec le modèle Pilote qui simule le rendement en se basant sur l'indice de récolte et la description empirique de l'indice foliaire LAI, on a proposé deux autres niveaux de modélisation pour la partie plante, ainsi que leur couplages avec le module sol de Pilote. D'une part, on a introduit un modèle par compartiments qui permet à la fois une gestion plus fine de l'allocation et une meilleure adaptation aux données expérimentales. D'autre part, le couplage a aussi été effectué avec le modèle GreenLab qui décrit la croissance architecturale de la plante. Ceci a nécessité le développement d'une version continue de GreenLab qui facilite en particulier l'intégration de l'effet du stress hydrique. Un jeu de données expérimentales a permis la paramétrisation de ces modèles, sous différents régimes d'irrigation et donc différents niveaux de stress hydrique. La deuxième contribution majeure a été le développement d'un cadre méthodologique pour le contrôle optimal des apports d'eau, dans le cas déterministe et le cas stochastique. La résolution proposée est basée sur la programmation dynamique qui permet de traiter différentes formulations du critère à optimiser, sans contraintes ou avec contraintes (par exemple logistiques ou réglementaires, comme les quotas d'irrigation). Une version itérative de l'algorithme a également été proposée afin d'améliorer la performance de la résolution numérique, mais également afin de pouvoir gérer les systèmes dynamiques à retards (qui peuvent apparaître pour certaines formulations du processus de sénescence dans les modèles de croissance). Notre méthodologie générique a pu être appliquée pour des problématiques concrètes, et permet d'envisager l'élaboration d'outils d'aide à la décision en agriculture afin de gérer les ressources en eau de façon plus efficace. / This thesis is part of the project Digiplante in the MAS laboratory of Ecole Centrale Paris, in collaboration with the research unit G-water in the IRSTEA. In a context of scarcity of water resources, it is important to better promote the use of water in agricultural production. When designing decision support tools for farmers or farm managers, it is necessary to develop a quantitative approach to describe the interaction of water resources with crop production. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to propose a multidisciplinary methodology based on modeling the soilplant- atmosphere interaction with coupled models and on the strategy optimization for managing irrigation. The first contribution of this thesis is the development and study of plant-soil coupled models at different scales. In comparison with the Pilote model that simulates the crop yield based on the harvest index and the empirical description of the leaf area index LAI, we proposed two other levels of modeling for the plant part and their coupling with the soil module of Pilote. On the one hand, we have introduced a compartment model which allows both a finer management of the allocation and better adaptation to the experimental data. On the other hand, the coupling was also carried out with the GreenLab model which describes the architectural growth of the plant. This has necessitated the development of a continuous version of GreenLab which facilitates in particular the integration of the effect of water stress. A set of experimental data has allowed the parametrization of these models under different irrigation regimes and thus different levels of water stress. The second major contribution was the development of a methodological framework for the optimal control of water supplies in both deterministic and stochastic case. The proposed resolution is based on dynamic programming that can handle different optimization criterion either without or under constraints (for example regulatory or logistical constraints, such as irrigation quotas). An iterative version of the dynamic programming algorithm has also been proposed to improve the performance of the numerical solution, but also in order to deal with dynamical systems with delay (which can occur in some formulations of senescence in growth models). Our generic methodology could be applied to concrete problems, and allows the development of decision support tools in agriculture for a more efficient water resources management.
4

Study on the mechanisms of rhizosphere priming effects induced by root exudates in a temperate broad-leaved forest / 温帯広葉樹林における根滲出物の根圏プライミング効果のメカニズム研究

Sun, Lijuan 26 March 2018 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21150号 / 農博第2276号 / 新制||農||1059(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H30||N5124(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 小杉 緑子, 教授 本田 与一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
5

Interakce rostlin a půdní bioty a jejich ovlivnění pěstováním energetických plodin / Interactions between plants and soil biota and effect of energetic crops on these interactions

Heděnec, Petr January 2013 (has links)
My PhD thesis is focused on study of plant-soil interactions. Chapter 1 is focused on general introduction to the interactions between plants and soil biota in terms of relationships between soil organisms and aboveground biomass as well as root biomass. Chapter 2 is focused on food interaction of Folsomia candida and soil microscopic fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium expansum, Absidia glauca, and Cladosporium herbarum). Fungi were grown separately on Petri dishes or on different litter type (oak, alder and willow) separately as well. Laboratory experiments showed that food preference was more influenced by different litter types than fungal species. In chapter 3 was studied long-term production of hybrid sorrel and its effect on the composition of the soil meso and macrofauna, basal soil respiration, microbial biomass and composition of cultivable fraction of soil microscopic fungi in comparison with oilseed rape and cultural meadow. There was found that long-term production of hybrid sorrel affects the composition of soil fauna, while the microbial activity of the soil was more affected by agriculture practices, especially tillage. In chapter 4 was studied the effect of native (Salix viminialis and Phalaris arudinacea) and introduced (Reynoutria sachalinensis, Silphium perfoliatum and...

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