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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Burkholderia sp. cadmium tolerance mechanism and its influence in phytoremediation / Mecanismos de tolerância ao cádmio em Burkholderia sp. e sua aplicação na fitorremediação

Ribeiro, Manuella Nóbrega Dourado 22 November 2013 (has links)
Soils have been contaminated with cadmium (Cd) by the use of fertilizers, calcareous, pesticides and industrial and/or domestic effluents. It can be leached to groundwater, as well as be taken up by plants potentially leading to reduce growth and yield. It causes different damages to the cell, generating oxidative stress which is responsible for its toxicity, affecting all living organism. A balance in the redox state of the cell to maintain cellular integrity and metabolism is essential for organism tolerance. Thus, the antioxidant response of bacteria exposed to Cd was studied to understand the tolerance mechanism, and be able to develop a methodology to bioremediate contaminated soils. MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents and different enzymes activity of antioxidant system (SOD, CAT, GR and GST) of two strains from Burkholderia genus, one from a soil contaminated with Cd in high concentrations (strain SCMS54) and the other from soil without Cd (strain SNMS32) in two exposure time (5 and 12 h), were analyzed. Stress measurement (MDA and hydrogen peroxide content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR and GST) increased in almost all treatments in the presence of Cd. These results also indicate that strain SCMS54 (isolated from Cd contaminated soil) presents a higher metabolic diversity and plasticity due the expression of more isoforms of the enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. The strain also accumulates 50% more Cd. We also analyzed the response to Ni of these two strain, observing a similar response to Cd, except for GST enzyme expression, which in strain SCMS54 this enzyme was induced in the presence of Ni, indicating that this enzyme can be essential on Ni tolerance. After that, the strain isolated from Cd contaminated soil (SCMS54) was selected to proceed the studies to evaluate the benefits of tolerant microorganism-tomato plant interaction. The use of plants to remove heavy metals from contaminated soilhas less impact and a lower cost. Soil microorganisms can be able to solubilize or mobilize soil metals acting also as bioremediator. Besides the high tolerance to Cd, the strain SCMS54 can produce indole-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce siderophore, revealing its potential in plantmicroorganism mutual and beneficial interaction. When interacting with tomato plants exposed to Cd, this bacterium led to decrease in plant peroxide concentration and chlorosis levels, promoted relative plant growth and reduced the root absorption of Cd resulting in an increase in plant tolerance to this highly toxic heavy metal. Indicating that inoculation of tomato plants with Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 promotes better growth when cultivated in the presence of Cd by a mechanism that appears to decrease Cd concentration in roots as a result of a bacterial-plant root beneficial interaction. / O cádmio (Cd) tem contaminado solos pelo uso de fertilizantes, calcário, agrotóxicos e resíduos industriais e/ou domésticos. Podendo ser lixiviado ao lençol freático ou absorvido pelas plantas,resultando na redução do crescimento e da produtividade. Esse metal afeta todos os organismos vivos e causa diferentes danos às células. A tolerância a esse metal se deve principalmente ao balanço do estado redox da célula para manter a integridade celular e metabolismo.Assim, foram isoladas bactérias de solo contaminado e não contaminado com Cd, selecionando isolados tolerantes a altas concentrações de diferentes metais (Cd, Ni e Zn), em seguida, foi observado a resposta do sistema antioxidante da bactéria na presença do Cd, a fim de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de metodologias para biorremediar solos contaminados. Foi quantificado MDA e peróxido de hidrogênio e a atividade de diferentes enzimas do sistema antioxidante (SOD, CAT, GR e GST) de duas estirpes do gênero Burkholderia tolerantes a todos os metais testados, uma isolada do solo contaminado com altas concentrações de Cd (estirpe SCMS54) e a outra do solo sem Cd (estirpe SNMS32) em dois tempos de exposição (5 e 12 h). Na estirpe SCMS54, as medidas de estresse (peroxidação lipídica e peróxido de hidrogênio) e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, CAT, GR e GST) da maioria dos tratamento com cádmio aumentaram, esta estirpe também expressa mais isoformas de SOD, CAT e GR, além de acumular 50% mais Cd. Esses resultados mostram que a estirpe SCMS54 (isolada do solo contaminado com Cd) apresenta uma maior diversidade metabólica e plasticidade. Foram analisadas também a resposta dessas duas estirpes ao Ni, observando uma resposta semelhante ao Cd, exceto na expressão da enzima GST, que no estirpe SCMS54 foi induzida na presença do Ni, indicando que essa enzima pode ser essencial na tolerância ao Ni. Portanto, a estirpe isoladado solo contaminado com Cd (SCMS54) foi selecionada para prosseguir os estudos e avaliar os benefícios da interação entre microrganismos tolerantes-plantas de tomate na fitorremediação. Essa técnica é usada remover para metais pesados do solo com um menor impacto e baixos custos. Os microrganismos do solo podem solubilizar e mobilizar metais do solo, atuando como biorremediador. Além da alta tolerância ao Cd, a estirpe SCMS54 produz ácido indol acético (AIA), solubiliza fosfato inorgânico e produz sideroforo, mostrando seu potencial na interação benéfica planta-microorganismo. Quando interagindo com as plantas de tomate expostas ao Cd, essa bactéria diminui a concentração de peróxido da planta e a clorose ocasionado pelo Cd,e reduz a absorção de Cd pela raiz resultando em um aumento da tolerância da planta ao metal pesado altamente tóxico. Assim, a inoculação de plantas de tomate com Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 promove crescimento da planta na presença de Cd, desencadeando um mecanismo que diminui a concentração de Cd nas raízes devido a essa interação benéfica bactéria-raiz da planta.
2

Burkholderia sp. cadmium tolerance mechanism and its influence in phytoremediation / Mecanismos de tolerância ao cádmio em Burkholderia sp. e sua aplicação na fitorremediação

Manuella Nóbrega Dourado Ribeiro 22 November 2013 (has links)
Soils have been contaminated with cadmium (Cd) by the use of fertilizers, calcareous, pesticides and industrial and/or domestic effluents. It can be leached to groundwater, as well as be taken up by plants potentially leading to reduce growth and yield. It causes different damages to the cell, generating oxidative stress which is responsible for its toxicity, affecting all living organism. A balance in the redox state of the cell to maintain cellular integrity and metabolism is essential for organism tolerance. Thus, the antioxidant response of bacteria exposed to Cd was studied to understand the tolerance mechanism, and be able to develop a methodology to bioremediate contaminated soils. MDA and hydrogen peroxide contents and different enzymes activity of antioxidant system (SOD, CAT, GR and GST) of two strains from Burkholderia genus, one from a soil contaminated with Cd in high concentrations (strain SCMS54) and the other from soil without Cd (strain SNMS32) in two exposure time (5 and 12 h), were analyzed. Stress measurement (MDA and hydrogen peroxide content) and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR and GST) increased in almost all treatments in the presence of Cd. These results also indicate that strain SCMS54 (isolated from Cd contaminated soil) presents a higher metabolic diversity and plasticity due the expression of more isoforms of the enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. The strain also accumulates 50% more Cd. We also analyzed the response to Ni of these two strain, observing a similar response to Cd, except for GST enzyme expression, which in strain SCMS54 this enzyme was induced in the presence of Ni, indicating that this enzyme can be essential on Ni tolerance. After that, the strain isolated from Cd contaminated soil (SCMS54) was selected to proceed the studies to evaluate the benefits of tolerant microorganism-tomato plant interaction. The use of plants to remove heavy metals from contaminated soilhas less impact and a lower cost. Soil microorganisms can be able to solubilize or mobilize soil metals acting also as bioremediator. Besides the high tolerance to Cd, the strain SCMS54 can produce indole-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce siderophore, revealing its potential in plantmicroorganism mutual and beneficial interaction. When interacting with tomato plants exposed to Cd, this bacterium led to decrease in plant peroxide concentration and chlorosis levels, promoted relative plant growth and reduced the root absorption of Cd resulting in an increase in plant tolerance to this highly toxic heavy metal. Indicating that inoculation of tomato plants with Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 promotes better growth when cultivated in the presence of Cd by a mechanism that appears to decrease Cd concentration in roots as a result of a bacterial-plant root beneficial interaction. / O cádmio (Cd) tem contaminado solos pelo uso de fertilizantes, calcário, agrotóxicos e resíduos industriais e/ou domésticos. Podendo ser lixiviado ao lençol freático ou absorvido pelas plantas,resultando na redução do crescimento e da produtividade. Esse metal afeta todos os organismos vivos e causa diferentes danos às células. A tolerância a esse metal se deve principalmente ao balanço do estado redox da célula para manter a integridade celular e metabolismo.Assim, foram isoladas bactérias de solo contaminado e não contaminado com Cd, selecionando isolados tolerantes a altas concentrações de diferentes metais (Cd, Ni e Zn), em seguida, foi observado a resposta do sistema antioxidante da bactéria na presença do Cd, a fim de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de metodologias para biorremediar solos contaminados. Foi quantificado MDA e peróxido de hidrogênio e a atividade de diferentes enzimas do sistema antioxidante (SOD, CAT, GR e GST) de duas estirpes do gênero Burkholderia tolerantes a todos os metais testados, uma isolada do solo contaminado com altas concentrações de Cd (estirpe SCMS54) e a outra do solo sem Cd (estirpe SNMS32) em dois tempos de exposição (5 e 12 h). Na estirpe SCMS54, as medidas de estresse (peroxidação lipídica e peróxido de hidrogênio) e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, CAT, GR e GST) da maioria dos tratamento com cádmio aumentaram, esta estirpe também expressa mais isoformas de SOD, CAT e GR, além de acumular 50% mais Cd. Esses resultados mostram que a estirpe SCMS54 (isolada do solo contaminado com Cd) apresenta uma maior diversidade metabólica e plasticidade. Foram analisadas também a resposta dessas duas estirpes ao Ni, observando uma resposta semelhante ao Cd, exceto na expressão da enzima GST, que no estirpe SCMS54 foi induzida na presença do Ni, indicando que essa enzima pode ser essencial na tolerância ao Ni. Portanto, a estirpe isoladado solo contaminado com Cd (SCMS54) foi selecionada para prosseguir os estudos e avaliar os benefícios da interação entre microrganismos tolerantes-plantas de tomate na fitorremediação. Essa técnica é usada remover para metais pesados do solo com um menor impacto e baixos custos. Os microrganismos do solo podem solubilizar e mobilizar metais do solo, atuando como biorremediador. Além da alta tolerância ao Cd, a estirpe SCMS54 produz ácido indol acético (AIA), solubiliza fosfato inorgânico e produz sideroforo, mostrando seu potencial na interação benéfica planta-microorganismo. Quando interagindo com as plantas de tomate expostas ao Cd, essa bactéria diminui a concentração de peróxido da planta e a clorose ocasionado pelo Cd,e reduz a absorção de Cd pela raiz resultando em um aumento da tolerância da planta ao metal pesado altamente tóxico. Assim, a inoculação de plantas de tomate com Burkholderia sp. SCMS54 promove crescimento da planta na presença de Cd, desencadeando um mecanismo que diminui a concentração de Cd nas raízes devido a essa interação benéfica bactéria-raiz da planta.
3

Molecular perception and metabolic rewiring of the host plant by beneficial microbe Enterobacter sp. SA187

Alzayed, Waad S. 10 1900 (has links)
Among abiotic stresses, salinity is considered the main limiting stress that negatively affects plant growth and reduces productivity worldwide. To overcome this challenge, a sustainable solution such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be used to meet the increasing demand for food. The desert microbe Enterobacter sp SA187, an endophytic PGPB, induces salt tolerance in both model plant and crops. The interaction between SA187 and the host plant triggers the sulfur pathway in the bacteria which then provides multiple sulfur-containing compounds to its host plant. However, the molecular sensor of these compounds in the host plant is not known. Here, we show that SA187 activates the plant target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. The beneficial effect of SA187 was lost in TOR mutants like raptor, and by the application of TOR inhibitor AZD8055. Next, we show that SA187 modulates the one- carbon (1C) metabolism of the host plant consisting of methionine and folate cycles. The beneficial effect of SA187 was compromised by using chemical inhibitors of folate cycle like Methotrexate (MTX) and Sulfadiazine (SDZ). The intermediates of the 1C metabolism like Homocysteine and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) showed similar beneficial effects as SA187 colonized plants. Finally, we showed that SA187 enhances 1C metabolism activity by increasing methylation index (SAM/SAH ratio) in the plants. Taken together, we could show that host TOR-1C axis is essential for plant salt tolerance by SA187.
4

Maize responsiveness to Azospirillum brasilense: insights into genetic control and genomic prediction / Responsividade do milho para Azospirillum brasilense: conhecimentos sobre controle genético e predição genômica

Vidotti, Miriam Suzane 25 January 2019 (has links)
The inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense is one of the main strategies to supplement the inorganic inputs of nitrogen (N) and to increase the root development in maize. However, the beneficial inoculation effects are not always reached, which, in part, is due to genotypic variation in the plant host, resulting in different degrees of outcome. In this context, we aimed to study the genetic control and genomic prediction of maize traits related to the responsiveness to A. brasilense inoculation. For this, 118 maize hybrids were conducted under N stress and N stress plus A. brasilense treatments in controlled conditions over 2016 and 2017 seasons. We evaluated root and shoot traits and performed diallel analyses, association mapping, and genomic prediction methods considering 59,215 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. Our results revealed a quantitative inheritance of the partnership-related maize traits, with both additive and non-additive genetic effects involved in the genetic control. Furthermore, several candidate genes were identified for the maize-A. brasilense association, especially with heterozygous (dis)advantage effects. In general, the prediction accuracies were higher mostly for the inoculated treatment compared to the non-inoculated. Finally, our findings enable a deeper understanding towards the genetic basis of the maize responsiveness to A. brasilense and may support plant breeders to establish selection strategies aiming the development of superior genotypes for this association. / A inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense é uma das principais estratégias para suplementar os insumos inorgânicos de nitrogênio (N) e aumentar o desenvolvimento radicular do milho. No entanto, os efeitos benéficos da inoculação nem sempre são alcançados, o que, em parte, é devido à variação genotípica da planta hospedeira, que ocasiona diferentes graus de resultados. Neste contexto, nosso objetivo foi estudar o controle genético e a predição genômica de caracteres de milho relacionados à responsividade para a inoculação com A brasilense. Para isso, 118 híbridos de milho foram conduzidos sob estresse de N e estresse de N mais A brasilense em condições controladas nos anos de 2016 e 2017. Nós avaliamos características de raiz e parte aérea e realizamos análises dialélicas, mapeamento associativo e métodos de predição genômica considerando 59.215 marcadores Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). Nossos resultados revelaram uma herança quantitativa das características do milho relacionadas à essa parceria, com efeitos genéticos aditivos e não-aditivos envolvidos no controle genético. Além disso, vários genes candidatos foram encontrados para a associação milho-A brasilense, especialmente com efeitos de (des)vantagens de heterozigotos. Em geral, as acurácias de predição foram mais maiores principalmente para o tratamento inoculado em comparação ao não inoculado. Finalmente, nossos resultados possibilitam uma compreensão mais aprofundada das bases genéticas da responsividade do milho à A. brasilense e podem auxiliar os melhoristas de plantas a estabelecerem estratégias de seleção visando o desenvolvimento de genótipos superiores para essa associação.
5

Kombinované mikrobiální ošetření v hydroponickém pěstování rajčete a okurky: vliv na výnosové parametry a obsah antioxidantů v plodech / Combined mocrobial treatmens in hydroponic cultivation of tomato and cucumber the effect on yield parameters and antioxidant contens in fruits

Pikorová, Markéta January 2014 (has links)
Some microorganisms are known to form mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots and by their impact they can improve some plant parameters. These symbiotic microorganisms, which are able to improve some plant parameters, include especially mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria and some saprotrophic mycoparasitical fungi. Mechanisms of changes of these parameters, as influenced by symbiotic microorganisms, are known only in part and nowadays are being actively researched. Aims of this work were to find out if selected microbial treatments influence selected growth, physiological and yield parameters of plants and contents of selected substances in fruits. Within this work were made three pot greenhouse experiments (experiments 1, 2 and 3) and three pilot greenhouse experiments (experiments 4, 5 and 6), performed on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. Plants were grown in hydroponics using a carrier of rockwool and they were watered by nutrient solution. As microbial treatments for plants in experiments have been used a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM), mixture of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), saprotrophic mycoparasitical fungus Trichoderma harzianum (Th) and various mutual combinations of these treatments. There have been observed...

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