Song Jing-mei. / Thesis submitted in: December 1998. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-156). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Title page --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.ii / Table of contents --- p.iii / Abbreviations --- p.viii / Abstract --- p.x / 摘要 --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter2 --- Evaluation of Antiulcer Effect Exhibited by Hippophae rhamnoides Using Different Ulcer Models / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Ethanol-induced gastric lesions --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- NSAID-induced gastric lesions --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Stress-induced gastric lesions --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Necrotizing agent-induced lesion model --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Plant materials --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Identification of the plant --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Preparation of crude extract for animal studies --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Experimental animals --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions --- p.31 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Acidified aspirin-induced gastric lesions --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Water immersion plus restraint-induced stress lesion model --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Necrotizing agent-induced gastric lesions --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Test of acute toxicity of Hippophae --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.12 --- Statistical analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Effect of Hr extract on ethanol-induced gastric lesions --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Effect of Hr extract on aspirin-induced gastric damage --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Effect of Hr extract on stress-induced gastric lesions --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Effect of Hr extract on pylorus ligation-induced gastric injury --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Effect of Hr extract on acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Effect of Hr extract on necrotizing agent-induced gastric damage --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Test of acute toxicity of Hr --- p.55 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Cytoprotective effect of Hr against ethanol-induced lesions --- p.56 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Preventive effect of Hr on NSAIDs-induced gastric lesions --- p.57 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Inhibitory effect of Hr on stress-induced lesions --- p.58 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Inhibitory effect of Hr extract on pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions --- p.59 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Healing effect of Hr extract on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer --- p.60 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Protective effect of Hr extract on necrotizing agent-induced gastric damage --- p.61 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Summary --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter3 --- Study on Cytoprotective Effect of Hippophae rhamnoides on Ethanol-induced Gastric Damage / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Chemicals and Instruments --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Test on effect of different concentrations of ethanol on gastric mucosa --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Examination of the gastric protective effect of Hr extract by different routes of administration --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Study on relationship between gastric protective effect of Hr extract and endogenous PGs --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Measurement of gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Measurement of gastric secretion and acidity in gastric juice --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Measurement of gastric gastric emptying rate --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Measurement of pepsin content in gastric juice --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Measurement of protein content in gastric juice --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Measurement of mucus content on gastric wall --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Measurement of GSH content in gastric mucosa --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.12 --- Measurement of PGE2 content in gastric mucosa --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.13 --- Determination of protein content in gastric mucosa --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Test on gastric lesions induced by different concentrations of ethanol --- p.83 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of Hr extract on ethanol-induced gastric damage by different routes of administration --- p.83 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of Hr extract on GMBF and output of gastric acid --- p.85 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of Hr extract on gastric emptying rate --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Effect of Hr extract on gastric mucus --- p.88 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Effect of Hr extract on gastric GSH content --- p.89 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Influence of Hr extract on endogenous prostanglandin-E2 --- p.90 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Antagonistic effect of indomethacin on the gastric protection of Hr extract --- p.91 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Formation of gastric lesions induced by ethanol at different concentrations --- p.92 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Different routes of administration --- p.92 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- "Role of GMBF, gastric acidity and acid output in the formation of gastric lesions" --- p.93 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of Hr extract on gastric motility --- p.95 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Effect of Hr extract on gastric mucus --- p.96 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Effect of Hr extract on gastric GSH content --- p.96 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- Effect of Hr extract on endogenous prostaglandins --- p.98 / Chapter 3.4.8 --- Summary --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Study on plant constituents of Hippophae rhamnoides / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Plant Materials --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Plant Extraction --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Fractionation of hexane-extract by column chromatography --- p.103 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Phytochemical identification and analyses of vitamin content in Hr extract --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Identification of vitamin A and vitamin C in the Hr extract by TLC --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Identification of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol by HPLC --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.4.3 --- Analyses of the content of α-tocopherol in the Hr extract --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.4.4 --- Identification and analysis of fatty acid in the Hr fractions --- p.111 / Chapter 4.2.4.4.1 --- Esterification of fatty acids --- p.111 / Chapter 4.2.4.4.2 --- Isolation and identification of FAME by GC-MS --- p.111 / Chapter 4.2.4.5 --- Quantitative analysis of composition and relative content of fatty acid in the Hr fractions --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Phytochemical analysis and identification --- p.114 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Identification of vitamin A --- p.114 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Identification of vitamin C --- p.115 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Identification of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol --- p.116 / Chapter 4.3.1.4 --- Quantitative analysis of α-tocopherol content in the Hr extract --- p.117 / Chapter 4.3.1.5 --- Identification of fatty acid composition --- p.117 / Chapter 4.3.1.6 --- Analysis of relative content of fatty acids in the Hr extract --- p.122 / Chapter 4.3.1.7 --- Study on phytosterols of Hr --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Examination of antiulcer effect of Hr fractions against ethanol-induced gastric lesions --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Effect of different extracts of Hr seed on ethanol-induced gastric lesions --- p.125 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Effect of fractions of hexane-extract of Hr on gastric lesions induced by ethanol --- p.126 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Effect of Hr components on gastric lesions induced by different ulcer models --- p.127 / Chapter 4.3.2.3.1 --- Effect of Hr components on ethanol-induced lesions --- p.127 / Chapter 4.3.2.3.2 --- Effect of Hr components against stress-induced gastric lesions --- p.128 / Chapter 4.3.2.3.3 --- Effect of β-sitosterol against gastric lesions induced by pylorus ligation --- p.129 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Role of fatty acids in the stomach protection --- p.130 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Role of vitamins in the gastric protection --- p.133 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Role of plant terpenoids in the stomach --- p.134 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Summary --- p.135 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General discussion --- p.136 / References --- p.141