• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Molecular studies on Rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV)

Bustamante-Gallardo, Pedro January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
2

Functional analysis of a plant virus replication 'factory' using live cell imaging

Linnik, Volha January 2010 (has links)
Plant viruses have developed a number of strategies that enable them to become obligate intracellular parasites of many agricultural crops. Potato virus X (PVX) belongs to a group of positive-sense, single-stranded plant RNA viruses that replicate on host membranes and form elaborate structures known as viral replication complexes (VRCs) that contain viral RNA (vRNA), proteins and host cellular components. VRCs are the principal sites of viral genome replication, virion assembly and packaging of vRNA for export into neighbouring cells. For many animal viruses, host membrane association is crucial for RNA export. For plant viruses, it is not yet known how vRNA is transported to and through plant plasmodesmata. PVX encodes genetic information required for its movement between cells; three viral triple gene block (TGB) movement proteins and a viral coat protein are essential for viral trafficking. This research project studies the relationship between PVX and its host plants, Nicotiana benthamina and Nicotiana tabacum. A particular focus of this project is exploration of the structural and functional significance of the PVX VRC and how the virus recruits cell host components for its replication and movement between cells. The role of specific viral proteins in establishing the VRC, and the ways in which these interact with host organelles, was investigated. A combination of different approaches was used, including RNA-binding dyes and a Pumilio-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay for detection of the vRNA, fluorescent reporters for virusencoded proteins, fluorescent reporters for host organelles involved in viral replication, and also transgenic tobacco plants expressing reporters for specific plant components (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, actin, microtubules and plasmodesmata). In addition, mutagenesis was used to study the functions of individual viral proteins in replication and movement. All of these approaches were combined to achieve live-cell imaging of the PVX infection process. The PVX VRC was shown to be a highly compartmentalised structure; (+)-stranded vRNA was concentrated around the viral TGB1 protein, which was localised in discrete circular compartments within the VRC while coat protein was localised to the external edges of the VRC. The vRNA was closely associated with host components (endoplasmic reticulum and actin) shown to be involved in the formation of the VRC. The TGB2/TGB3 viral proteins were shown to colocalise with the host endomembranes (ER) and to exit these compartments in the form of motile granules. vRNA, TGB1, TGB2 and CP localised to plasmodesmata of the infected cells. TGB1 was shown to move cell-to-cell and recruit ER, Golgi and actin in the absence of viral infection. In the presence of virus, TGB1 targeted the VRCs in several neighbouring cells. A model of PVX replication and movement is proposed in which TGB1 functions as a key component for recruitment of host components into the VRC to enable viral replication and spread.
3

Virus Adaptation at Different Levels: Study on the Evolutionary Effects of Mutations, Host Population Genetic Structure and Environmental Factors in Potyviruses

González Miguélez, Rubén 10 December 2021 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] La evolución experimental nos permite comprobar postulados teóricos y realizar observaciones que ayuden a incrementar nuestro conocimiento sobre la evolución. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la evolución de los virus utilizando enfoques experimentales. Los virus muestran una alta capacidad de evolución, lo que los convierte en modelos perfectos para abordar cuestiones evolutivas con bastante rapidez. Los procesos subyacentes a la evolución y adaptación de los patógenos se rigen por muchos factores: desde la naturaleza intrínseca del virus hasta componentes ambientales que afectan al hospedador, al patógeno y la interacción entre ambos. En esta tesis utilizamos un patosistema formado por una planta y un potyvirus (virus de (+)ssRNA) para explorar cómo diferentes factores bióticos y abióticos modulan la evolución del virus. Primero, exploramos los efectos biológicos de las mutaciones en una proteína del potyvirus, la cual es un componente esencial del complejo de replicación viral. Revelamos las limitaciones evolutivas que operan sobre esta proteína, y que son consecuencia de un equilibrio evolutiva entre la acumulación dentro del huésped y la gravedad de los síntomas. En segundo lugar, examinamos los efectos de la estructura genética de la población del huésped sobre la evolución del virus: evolucionamos virus en poblaciones genéticamente homogéneas de plantas con diferentes susceptibilidades a la infección y en una población heterogénea. Con este trabajo ilustramos cómo la diversidad genética de huéspedes en un ecosistema afecta la adaptación del virus, ya que los virus se especializaron más rápidamente en poblaciones homogéneas pero fueron más patógenos en poblaciones heterogéneas. Finalmente, estudiamos el impacto del ambiente sobre la interacción virus-planta. Para esta parte, primero revisamos los posibles efectos beneficiosos de la infección por virus en ciertos entornos hostiles para la planta. Posteriormente estudiamos el efecto de la sequía, una condición ambiental con una incidencia cada vez mayor y que se sabe afecta la fisiología del huésped. Por lo tanto, evolucionamos un virus en huéspedes bajo condiciones de sequía o de riego abundante. Los virus adaptados en condiciones de sequía conferían una mayor tolerancia a la sequía a la planta huésped a través de alteraciones específicas en la expresión génica del huésped y la señalización hormonal. En general, esta tesis contribuye al aumento del conocimiento en biología evolutiva de los virus de ARN de plantas. / [CA] L'evolució experimental ens permet comprovar postulats teòrics i realitzar observacions que ajuden a incrementar el nostre coneixement sobre l'evolució. Aquest treball té com a objectiu estudiar l'evolució dels virus utilitzant enfocaments experimentals. Els virus mostren una alta capacitat d'evolució, la qual cosa els converteix en models perfectes per a abordar qüestions evolutives amb bastant rapidesa. Els processos subjacents a l'evolució i adaptació dels patògens es regeixen per molts factors: des de la naturalesa intrínseca del virus fins a components ambientals que afecten l'hoste, al patogen i la interacció entre tots dos. En aquesta tesi utilitzem un patosistema format per una planta i un potyvirus (virus de (+)ssRNA) per a explorar com diferents factors biòtics i abiòtics modulen l'evolució del virus. Primer, explorem els efectes biològics de les mutacions en una proteïna del potyvirus, la qual és un component essencial del complex de replicació viral. Revelem les limitacions evolutives que operen sobre aquesta proteïna, i que són conseqüència d'un equilibri evolutiva entre l'acumulació dins de l'hoste i la gravetat dels símptomes. En segon lloc, examinem els efectes de l'estructura genètica de la població de l'hoste sobre l'evolució del virus: evolucionem virus en poblacions genèticament homogènies de plantes amb diferents susceptibilitats a la infecció i en una població heterogènia. Amb aquest treball il·lustrem com la diversitat genètica d'hostes en un ecosistema afecta l'adaptació del virus, ja que els virus es van especialitzar més ràpidament en poblacions homogènies però van ser més patògens en poblacions heterogènies. Finalment, estudiem l'impacte de l'ambient sobre la interacció virus-planta. Per a aquesta part, primer revisem els possibles efectes beneficiosos de la infecció per virus en uns certs entorns hostils per a la planta. Posteriorment estudiem l'efecte de la sequera, una condició ambiental amb una incidència cada vegada major i que se sap afecta la fisiologia de l'hoste. Per tant, evolucionem un virus en hostes sota condicions de sequera o de reg abundant. Els virus adaptats en condicions de sequera conferien una major tolerància a la sequera a la planta hoste a través d'alteracions específiques en l'expressió gènica de l'hoste i la senyalització hormonal. En general, aquesta tesi contribueix a l'augment del coneixement en biologia evolutiva dels virus d'ARN de plantes. / [EN] Experimental evolution allows us to test theoretical postulates and make observations that help increase our knowledge about Evolution. This work aims to use experimental approaches to study the evolution of viruses. Viruses have a high degree of evolvability, which makes them perfect subjects to address evolutionary questions quite rapidly. The underlying processes of pathogen evolution are governed by many factors. These factors can be affecting the virus adaptation at different levels: from the intrinsic virus nature to environmental factors affecting the host, the pathogen and the interaction between both. In this thesis, we used a pathosystem formed by a plant and a potyvirus (+ssRNA virus). Using this pathosystem we have explored how different factors modulate the virus evolution. First, we explored the biological effects of mutations in a potyvirus protein that is an essential component of the virus replication complex. We unveiled the evolutionary constraints on this viral protein, with an evolutionary tradeoff between within-host accumulation and severity of symptoms. Second, we examined the effects of the host population genetic structure on virus evolution: we evolved viruses in homogeneous populations of plants with different viral susceptibilities and in a heterogeneous population. With this work we illustrated how the genetic diversity of hosts in an ecosystem affects virus adaptation, as viruses specialized faster in homogeneous populations but were more pathogenic in heterogeneous ones. Finally, we studied the impact of the environment. For this part we first reviewed the possible beneficial effects of virus infection under certain environments. Afterwards we studied the effect of drought, an environmental condition with a predicted increased incidence and known to affect the host physiology. Therefore, we evolved a virus in host under either well-watered or drought conditions. The viruses adapted under drought conditions conferred an increased drought tolerance to the host plant through specific alterations in host gene expression and hormonal signaling. Overall, this thesis contributed to the increase in knowledge in evolutionary biology of plant RNA viruses. / González Miguélez, R. (2021). Virus Adaptation at Different Levels: Study on the Evolutionary Effects of Mutations, Host Population Genetic Structure and Environmental Factors in Potyviruses [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/178154 / TESIS / Compendio

Page generated in 0.063 seconds