The purpose of this study was twofold. The first purpose was to determine the time of year when representative Abies stem cuttings will root most successfully in east-central Indiana. The second purpose was to identify a suitable nutrient medium and the appropriate environmental conditions for the initiation and maintenance of Abies concolor callus by tissue culture techniques.A review of the literature indicated that there have been few studies conducted on either the propagation of Abies species.Included in the review of literature is a summary of the studies concerning the propagation of Abies cuttings and the tissue culturing of Abies species, and also a core of background literature pertaining to the methods utilized in propagating other coniferous species.This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved the propagation of Abies stem cuttings. From September 1967 to May 1968, stem cuttings were taken at two-week intervals from terminal branches of mature Abies concolor trees. Abies stem cuttings or on tissue culturing of Abies species.The bases of the cuttings in the treatment groups were dusted with one percent growth regulator powders of B-naphthoxyacetic acid, parachlorophenoxyacetic acid, ethyl-3-indoleacetate, indole-3-acetic acid, 3-indolepropionic acid, or B-2-furylacrylic acid. The cuttings were rooted in a coarse sand propagating medium. The propagation bench was equipped with both controlled bottom temperature regulation and an intermittent mist system. The rooting results of these cuttings were recorded in November 1968. Based on these results, stem cuttings were taken weekly during January and February of 1969 from terminal branches of mature Abies concolor and Abies balsamea trees. These cuttings received the same treatment as did those taken in 1967 and 1968. The rooting results of these cuttings were recorded in November 1969.The second phase of this study involved the tissue culturing of Abies concolor. Inocula were prepared from terminal stem sections taken from mature trees. The stem sections were deneedled while immersed in ethyl alcohol and then sterilized in household bleach for ten minutes. The stem sections were cut into inocula approximately 8-10end up, on several different types of defined and undefined media. The cultures were maintained in the dark at a temperature of 27.5 + 2° C. under saturated humiditymillimeters in length.The inocula were inserted, basal conditions. Results of the cutting propagation phase indicated that optimal rooting of Abies concolor cuttings occurred when taken from the middle of January to the middle of February. Cuttings in the treatment groups formed better root systems than did the control cuttings. One hundred percent rooting occurred on all Abies concolor cuttings taken on January 29, 1968. Rooting results obtained from the Abies balsamea cuttings were poorer than those from Abies concolor. None of the Abies balsamea cuttings in the control groups rooted. In no instance was the percentage of rooting of Abies balsamea cuttings greater than forty percent.Results of the tissue culturing phase indicated that callus can be initiated from inocula prepared from terminal stem sections of mature Abies concolor trees on a modified Winton medium. The successful cultures were initiated in the dark at a temperature of 27.5 + 2° C. under saturated humidity conditions. At six weeks, each callus was transferred to fresh medium where it continued to grow. After the initial transfer, the callus was transferred to fresh medium every three weeks. At the end of ninety days the callus was still growing on the undefined medium.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Murdoch University, 2006. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Science and Engineering. Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-207).

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Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 K57 / Master of Science

Jojoba cuttings were fertilized during rooting under mist. Rooted cuttings were evaluated for growth and element concentrations. Also investigated were: CO₂ exchange during rooting; media, light and nutrition effects on nursery growth; and nutrition effects on field establishment. Fertilizer formulations used were: Peter's soluble, Osmocote, IBDU, and SCU. Rooting was depressed at 5.46 kg m⁻³ IBDU. High rates of either Osmocote or Peter's increased root weights over controls in spring. Osmocote-treated cuttings were greater than controls in nodes, fresh weight and succulence. Initial leaf concentrations of N, P and K were lower in spring than in summer and greater at lining-out for fertilized cuttings. Leaf N and K were positively related to root and shoot growth in spring and to shoot growth in summer. Leaf Zn was positively related to shoot and root growth in spring. Treatment differences in leaf element concentrations vanished after 3 months in the nursery. Differences in growth persisted for up to six months. Fertilization during rooting did not effect CO₂ exchange processes. Apparent photosynthesis (AP) declined until rooting and then rose with root growth as did root respiration. Dark respiration (Rd) dropped to a stable rate and did not increase as fast as AP upon rooting. During rooting AP, Rd and leaf succulence were well correlated. New nodes for liners grown in media with air porosities of 18.5 and 27.6 percent were equivalent. Nodes, fresh and dry weight, leaf area and specific leaf weight were greater for sun-grown than for 50 percent shade-grown liners. Shade-grown liners were more succulent. Plants grown in Osmocote amended media produced more nodes, leaves and flowers than did controls. Plants unfertilized during rooting grew fastest when grown with Osmocote in the nursery media, but were smaller at 3 months than plants fertilized during roots. Field survival after five months was not significantly affected by nutritional treatments. Growth after transplanting was significantly greater for plants fertilized in the nursery. Rooting stage fertilization is beneficial if plants are not held too long in the nursery. Nursery stage nutrition is very important for good stand establishment and growth of jojoba transplants.