A study was conducted to develop, demonstrate and assess the Pour-through nutrient extraction procedure for bedding flats and plug trays. The Pour-through technique involves pouring a prescribed volume of water on a recently irrigated medium, then collecting and analyzing the leachate to predict nutrient availability in the medium. The volume of water necessary to collect a Pour-through from a 1204 bedding flat was determined to be 5 ml per cell based on leachate pH and electrical conductivity (EC) at various volumes of water applied. Impatiens wallerana ‘Super Elfin Red’ and Tagetes erecta ‘Apollo’ were grown in 1204 bedding flats at three fertilizer concentrations to assess the overall potential of the Pour-through procedure. Analysis of leachate EC, pH, and macro- and micro-nutrients indicated that the Pour- through method of nutrient extraction was sensitive and effective in extracting available nutrients. Leachate analysis was positively correlated to fertilizer nitrogen concentration, shoot tissue dry weight, and nutrient concentrations of conventional Saturated Media Extract methods. Preliminary studies indicated that evenly applying 200 ml of water per plug tray cells produced adequate leachate (50 ml) for laboratory analysis of EC, pH, and macro- and micro-nutrients. Impatiens wallerana ‘Super Elfin Red’ and Tagetes erecta ‘Apollo’ were grown in plug trays at three fertilizer concentrations to assess the overall potential of the Pour-through procedure. Analysis of leachate EC, pH, and macro- and micro-nutrients indicated that the Pour-through method of nutrient extraction was sensitive and effective in extracting available nutrients. Pour-through leachate analysis was positively correlated to fertilizer nitrogen concentration and to whole shoot tissue. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pine sawdust-shavings (Pinus spp.) is at present a very popular soilless substrate in South African greenhouses. Growers use fresh pine sawdust-shavings as a substrate, which is biologically highly unstable. The greenhouse industry is looking at alternative organic substrates such as coco peat, which already went through a decomposition process and is more stable. A biological inactive substrate such as sand was included to compare microorganism activity with organic substrates. The main objective of this study was to compare the growth, yield and quality of hydroponically grown tomatoes in response to different growth mediums in combination with nitrogen source, irrigation frequency, period of substrate use and liming. In general the drainage water pH declined with an increase in NlLt+-N in the nutrient solution. Low pH values in the drainage water, especially when coco peat was used, had a detrimental effect on marketable yield. The drainage water pH of pine sawdustshavings increased during the growing season when 100 % N03--N was used. Due to the higher cation exchange capacity of coco peat, the drainage water electrical conductivity tends to increase more rapidly than with pine sawdust-shavings, during conditions with high temperatures and when insufficient irrigation volumes per irrigation cycle is applied. As expected the drainage water N03--N content decreased as the NlLt+-N content increased in the nutrient solution. Pine sawdust-shavings recorded a much lower N03--N and NlLt+-N content than sand and coco peat and thus supports the hypothesis that microbiological activity is higher in pine sawdustshavings, especially in the second season of substrate use. Coco peat produced the highest number of marketable fruit and yield per plant, followed by pine sawdustshavings and sand in the first season of substrate use. The number of marketable fruit and yield decreased with an increase in NlLt+-N content in the nutrient solution during production in warmer, summer conditions. Contrary to these fmdings, production in cooler, winter conditions recorded high yields when only N03--N or 80% N03--N : 20% NRt +-N was applied. The unmarketable yield increased with an increase in NlLt+-N in the nutrient solution. Visual evaluations showed that blossom-end rot (BER) was the main contributor to unmarketable yield. Increasing levels ofN03--N as nitrogen source in the nutrient solution, reduced weight loss and increased the loss of fruit firmness of tomatoes during storage. Increasing levels of N03 --N also increased fruit pH and reduced total titratable acidity. Coco peat produced fruit with a higher pH than pine sawdust-shavings. An increase in irrigation frequency affected fruit firmness negatively when coco peat was used as substrate. Different irrigation and fertigation practices are needed for different growth mediums and management needs to be adapted according to the growing season (winter vs. summer). / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Mengsel van dennesaagsels en -skaafsels (Pinus spp.) word tans deur Suid- Afrikaanse kweekbuisprodusente gebruik as grondlose groeimedium. Hierdie groeimedium word nie vooraf gekomposteer nie en is dus biologies onstabiel. Die kweekbuisindustrie ondersoek tans die gebruik van alternatiewe, gekomposteerde en stabiele organiese groeimediums soos kokosveen. 'n Biologies onaktiewe groeimedium soos sand is ook ingesluit om met organiese groeimediums te kan vergelyk. Die hoof doelwit van die studie was om plantontwikkeling, opbrengs en kwaliteit van hidroponies geproduseerde tamaties te evalueer in verskillende groeimediums en in kombinasie met stikstofbron-verhouding, periode van groeimedium gebruik, besproeiingsfrekwensie en bekalking. Oor die algemeen het die pH in die dreinaat gedurende die groeiseisoen toegeneem soos die NH/-N inhoud verhoog het in die voedingsoplossing. Lae pH waardes in die dreinaat, veral waar kokosveen gebruik was, het 'n nadelige effek op bemarkbare opbrengs gehad. Die pH in die dreinaat van dennesaagsels en -skaafsels het gedurende die groeiseisoen toegeneem met die gebruik van 100% NO)--N in die voedingsoplossing. Die elektriese geleiding in die dreinaat van kokosveen neem vinniger toe gedurende toestande waarin hoë temperature en onder besproeiing voorkom, as in dreinaat van dennesaagsels en -skaafsels. Die NO)--N inhoud in die dreinaat het soos verwag afgeneem soos die NRt+-N inhoud in die voedingsoplossing toegeneem het. 'n Baie laer NO)--N en NRt+-N inhoud is by dennesaagsels en -skaafsels aangeteken wat dus die hipotese ondersteun dat mikrobiologiese aktiwiteit, veral in die tweede seisoen van gebruik, hoër is in dennesaagsels en -skaafsels as in sand en kokosveen. Kokosveen het die hoogste aantal bemarkbare vrugte en massa per plant geproduseer, gevolg deur dennesaagsels en -skaafsels en sand. Die aantal bemarkbare vrugte en opbrengs het verlaag met 'n verhoging in NRt+-N in die voedingsoplossing gedurende warm, somer toestande. In teenstelling met vorige resultate is gevind dat 100% NO)-- N of 80% NO)--N : 20% NRt+-N hoë opbrengste gelewer het gedurende koeler, winter toestande. Die onbemarkbare opbrengs het verhoog met hoër NRt+-N vlakke. Visuele waarnemings het aangedui dat blom-end verrotting die grootste bydrae tot onbemarkbare opbrengs gelewer het. 'n Verhoging in NO)--N vlakke het massaverlies beperk en die verlies in fermheid verhoog gedurende opberging. Hoër NO)--N vlakke het ook die pH van vrugte verhoog en die totale titreerbare suur verlaag. Kokosveen het vrugte met 'n hoër pH as dennesaagsels en -skaafsels geproduseer. 'n Toename in besproeiingsfrekwensie het vrug fermheid negatief beïnvloed wanneer kokosveen as groeimedium gebruik was. Verskillende besproeiings- en voedingspraktyke word benodig vir verskillende groeimediums en bestuur van die groeimediums moet aangepas word by klimaatstoestande gedurende die spesifieke produksieseisoen.

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by Ng Ki Chi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-145). / Acknowledgments / Abstract / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Waste Management in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Sources of Organic Wastes and Their Characteristics --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Animal manure --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Food waste --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organic Waste Recycling --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Organic wastes for land application --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Animal manure --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Plant residue --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Composting --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Biogas production --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Organic wastes as feedstuffs or feed supplements --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.1 --- Animal manure --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4.2 --- Sewage sludge --- p.19 / Chapter 1.3.4.3 --- Plant residue --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.4.4 --- Biological products from waste conversion --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives and Outlines of the Present Study --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Vermiculture of Eisenia foetida and Pheretima asciatica on Different Agro- industrial Wastes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Collection of materials --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of earthworms --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Culture trial --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Harvesting of earthworms --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- "Chemical analysis of bedding material, wastes and worm tissues" --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chemical properties of organic wastes and bedding material --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Heavy metal contents in bedding material and organic wastes --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Effects of organic wastes on worm growth --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Effects of organic wastes on protein contents and protein yields --- p.47 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- "Effects of Soybean Waste, Pig Manure and Digested Sludge on the Quality of Worm Meal From Eisenia foetida and Pheretima asciatica" --- p.53 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Collection of materials --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Preparation of earthworms --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Experimental design and setup --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Harvesting of earthworms --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Chemical analysis of worm tissues --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effects of wastes on worm growth --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Nutrient contents of earthworms from different wastes --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Heavy metal contents in earthworm tissues --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Worm Meal as Protein Source for Fish Diet --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Preparation of experimental diets --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Feeding experiment --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Chemical analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Growth response --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Growth --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Mortality --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Tissue chemical composition --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Nutritional contents --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Heavy metal contents --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Worm Worked Bedding as Potting Media for Plant Growth --- p.103 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Preparation of potting media --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Chemical analysis of potting media --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Plant growth experiment --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Tissue analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Chemical properties of potting media --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Plant growth status --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Heavy metal contents in plant tissues --- p.119 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Conclusions --- p.126 / References --- p.130

Cai Yi Jin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-128). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Importance and Cultivation history of edible mushroom --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Variety and structure of growth substrates for mushroom --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Mushroom growth and substrate-degrading enzymes --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Purpose of study --- p.15 / Chapter 2. --- Methods and Materials / Chapter 2.1 --- Organisms --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Media --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Culture conditions --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Growth temperature --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Growth Studies --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Effect of pH on mycelial growth --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Effect of different carbon sources on mycelial growth --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives on fungal growth --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Culture conditions for production of extracellular enzymes --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Tyrosinase --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Laccase --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Manganese-dependent Peroxidase and Lignin Peroxidase --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.4 --- Cellulytic and Xylanolytic enzymes --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.3.5 --- Lipase --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Culture conditions for studying properties of cellulases of V. volvacea --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- CMCase --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- "CMCase, FPase and β-Glucosidase" --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4.3 --- β-Glucosidase --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Enzyme assay --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Tyrosinase --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Laccase --- p.27 / Chapter a. --- o-Tolidine Method --- p.27 / Chapter b. --- ABTS Method --- p.28 / Chapter c. --- Syringaldazine Method --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Lignin peroxidase --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Manganese-dependent peroxidase --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Exoglucanase (avicelase) --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Endoglucanase (carboxymethylcellulase or CMCase) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Filter paper digesting enzyme (FPase) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- P-Glucosidase --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.9 --- Xylanase --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.10 --- β-Xylosidase --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.11 --- Lipase --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5 --- Other analytical methods --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Determination of phenol oxidase activity by the Bavendamm reaction --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Qualitative evaluation of CMCase by Congo red staining --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Effect of phenolic monomers and tannic acid on CMCase activity of V. volvacea --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Protein determination --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis pattern of fungal laccases --- p.39 / Chapter 2.6 --- Chemicals --- p.39 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Growth and Nutritional characteristics --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Fungal growth on defined and non-defined culture media --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Effect of carbon source on fungal --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effect of pH on fungal growth --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives on fungal growth --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers on fungal growth --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effect of tannin derivatives on fungal growth --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- Phenol Oxidase --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Phenol oxidase --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Guaiacol-reacting enzyme --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- o-Anisidine oxidizing enzyme --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Tyrosinase --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Laccase --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- "Laccase detected by o-Tolidine, ABTS Syringaldazine" --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Effect of pH on laccase activity --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4 --- Lignin-Transforming Enzymes --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Lignin peroxidase (LP) --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) --- p.74 / Chapter 3.5 --- Cellulases --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- Cellulases of V. volvacea --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- Qualitative estimation of cellulose-degrading enzymes of V. volvacea grown on different substrates --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- Influence of pH and temperature --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5.1.3 --- Cellulolytic activities in cultures grown on cellulose --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5.1.4 --- Cellulolytic activities in cultures grown on paddy straw --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.1.5 --- β-Glucosidase activity in cultures grown on cellobiose --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.1.6 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannic acid on CMCase of V. volvacea --- p.95 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Cellulases of P.sajor-caju --- p.96 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Cellulases of L. edodes --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6 --- Xylanase --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- "Xylanase of V. volvacea, strain V34" --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Xylanase of P.sajor-caju --- p.100 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Xylanase of L. edodes --- p.100 / Chapter 3.7 --- Lipase of V. volvacea --- p.103 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1. --- Carbon nutrition and pH for fungal growth --- p.104 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Carbon nutrition --- p.104 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- pH --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives on fungal growth of L. edodes, P. sajor-caju and V, volvacea" --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Lignin-related phenolic monomers --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Tannin derivatives --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Production of phenoloxidases by V. volvacea, L. edodes and P. sajor-caju" --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Guaiacol- and Anisidine reacting enzymes and Tyrosinase --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Laccase --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4. --- "Lignin-degrading Enzymes of V. volvacea, P. sajor-caju and L. edodes" --- p.110 / Chapter 4.5. --- "Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Activity of V. volvacea, P.sajor-caju and L. edodes" --- p.113 / References --- p.118 / Appendix1 --- p.129

Previous work has shown that despite the lack of oxygen limitation, transformed roots of Artemisia annua had lower biomass productivity in a nutrient mist bioreactor than in a liquid-phase bubble column reactor where the roots demonstrated metabolic signs of oxygen stress. Mathematical modeling suggested that the roots were too sparsely packed to capture mist particles efficiently and to achieve high growth rates. In this study, higher packing fractions were tested, and the growth rate increased significantly. Similarly, higher sucrose concentrations increased the growth rate. Growth kinetics for 2, 4, and 6 days showed an unexpected decrease or stationary growth rate after only 4 days for both 3% and 5% sucrose feeds. Residual media analyses indicated that carbon was not exhausted, nor were other major nutrients including phosphate. Increasing the misting frequency such that the total amount of carbon delivered from a 3% sucrose feed was equivalent to that delivered in a 5% sucrose feed showed that growth was affected by the modified cycle. These studies showed that both the concentration of carbon source and alteration of misting frequency can significantly increase growth rates of hairy roots in mist reactors.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 muraishi_ri_dr_jabo.pdf: 327992 bytes, checksum: 3e7f11e07323b7069fad291434242f79 (MD5) / O uso de vermiculita e polímeros agrícolas como condicionadores em substratos no Brasil têm contribuído para melhorar a germinação de sementes, desenvolvimento das plantas, além da redução das perdas de água de irrigação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar e estimar as misturas dos condicionadores em substratos de compostos orgânicos lixo e compostos orgânicos de poda de arvores e a redução da irrigação na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Foram testados duas lâminas d´água (50% e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência medida pelo atmômetro) e 2 condicionadores no substrato em 3 concentrações (vermiculita 15%, 20% e 30% e polímeros 0,5%, 1,0% e 2,0% em volume), além de duas testemunhas que receberam 50% e 100% de irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento blocos casualizados, com arranjo fatorial em três blocos e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foi avaliado o número de folhas, altura da planta, diâmetro do colo e massa de matéria seca. Da análise dos resultados em condição de produção de mudas, concluiu-se que a vermiculita apresentou resultado superior em irrigação com lâmina d’agua a 50% e a utilização de polímero a 0,5% sob lâmina d’agua 100% irrigação foi melhor tratamento para massa de matéria seca. Além disso, verificou-se que não é recomendável a utilização do polímero em doses acima de 0,5% e vermiculita acima de 15% / The use of vermiculite and polymers as conditioners for agricultural substrates in Brazil, have improved seed germination, plant development, and reduce losses of irrigation water. The objective of this study was to quantify and estimate mixtures of conditioners on substrates of organic compounds waste and organic compounds of trees pruning and reduction of irrigation in the production of seedling Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. It was tested the irrigation with two water depths with (50% and 100% of evapotranspiration by atmometer) measured and 2 conditioning in the substrate in 3 concentrations (vermiculite with 15%, 20% and 30% and polymers 0.5%, 1,0% and 2.0% by volume), besides two controls which received only 50% and 100% of irrigation. The experiment was conducted by a randomized block design with factorial arrangement, three blocks and the average was compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Was evaluated the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter and dry matter. Analysis of the results in conditions of seedlings production, it was concluded that the vermiculite showed superior results in a water irrigation with the use of 50% and the polymer application to 0.5% in a water irrigation, 100% better treatment for dry matter. Besides, it was found that it is not advisable to use of the polymer at doses above 0.5% and above 15% vermiculite

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_rr_dr_jabo.pdf: 1800588 bytes, checksum: fecbd166fb4765e54b7def9d0d33a46c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Resíduos orgânicos domiciliares ou industriais, são facilmente disponibilizados e podem, após compostagem, ser utilizados na composição de substratos alternativos de baixo custo e com grandes benefícios para a planta e para o ambiente. Hortaliças não convencionais, conhecidas popularmente por suas qualidades nutricionais, como a ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.), começam a ser cultivadas no Brasil, de forma sistematizada, mas sem conhecimento comprovado das respostas de técnicas de cultivo, como as da irrigação e da utilização de composto orgânico. Por isso, procedeu-se ao cultivo de plantas de P. aculeata em vasos dentro de ambiente protegido, utilizando-se o método de estaquia caulinar. As variáveis de produção foram doses de composto orgânico no substrato (CO), oriundo da compostagem de resíduos orgânicos de origem industrial e agropecuária, do município de Uberlândia – MG, equivalentes a 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% e 60% do volume total do substrato e lâminas de irrigação (Li) correspondentes a 50%, 75% e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência (Et0), estimada por meio da equação de Penman-Monteith (FAO-56), com a utilização dos dados meteorológicos obtidos na estação automatizada da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com 4 repetições. A irrigação foi realizada a cada 3 dias com a soma dos volumes de água calculados diariamente. Cento e vinte e dois dias após o plantio das estacas efetuou-se o corte das plantas e a determinação da massa seca em folhas, caules e raízes, e dos teores de proteína, cálcio (Ca) e ferro (Fe) nas folhas. Os resultados das análises estatísticas permitiram concluir que, excetuando-se para massa seca em raízes, houve interação entre as Li e as doses de CO para as demais variáveis. O aumento das... / Organic household or industrial waste, are easily available and can, after composting, be used in the composition of alternative substrates with low cost and great benefits for the plant and the environment. Unconventional vegetables, popularly known for its nutritional qualities, as Pereskia aculeata Mill., began to be cultivated in Brazil, in a systematic way, but without proven knowledge of growing techniques such as irrigation and use of organic compound. Therefore, we grow plants of P. aculeata in pots inside of a greenhouse, using the method of stem cuttings. Were broadly two the variables tested: doses of the organic compost in the substrate (CO), produced by composting organic waste from industry and agriculture in Uberlândia - MG, equivalent to 0%, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% the total volume of the substrate; irrigation depths (Li) corresponding to 50%, 75% and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration (Et0) estimated with the FAO 56 Penman-Monteith equation, using meteorological data obtained at an automated station of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The irrigation was done every 3 days with the sum of the water volumes calculated daily. One hundred and twenty-two days after planting the plants were cut off and it was determined the dry masses of leaves, stems and roots, and the content of protein, calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) in the leaves. The results of the statistical analyzes showed that, except for dry weight in roots, there was interaction between Li and CO levels for the other variables. The accumulation of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Marli Teixeira de Almeida Minhoni / Banca: Ceci Sales da Gama Campos / Banca: Meire Cristina Nogueira de Andrade / Resumo: O cultivo de cogumelos comestíveis e medicinais pode ser realizado em diversos substratos liginocelulósico em sistema axênico e pasteurizado. O gênero Pleurotus é conhecido principalmente pela espécie Pleurotus ostreatus conhecido popularmente como cogumelo ostra, shimeji ou hiratake. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a variabilidade genética de quatro linhagens de Pleurotus ostreatus pela técnica RAPD, o crescimento micelial em meio de cultura sólido, parâmetros da compostagem (umidade do substrato, dinâmica da relação C/N, pH, perda de massa fresca, celulose, hemicelulose, lignina, proteína total e fibra total), produtividade, eficiência biológica e qualidade nutricional dos basidiomas (proteína total, fibra total e extrato etéreo) cultivados nos diferentes substratos em duas relações C/N. As linhagens de P. ostreatus foram coletadas de produtores do Estado de São Paulo e os materiais utilizados para a elaboração dos substratos de cultivo foram: capim braquiária, capim tobiatã, capim brizantha, palha de cana-de-açúcar, palha de trigo, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e farelo de trigo. No primeiro experimento foi avaliado a variabilidade genética pela técnica RAPD das quatro linhagens de P. ostreatus coletadas de produtores do Estado de São Paulo. Assim foram divididos em dois grupos distintos, o primeiro grupo com as linhagens POS 09/100, POS 09/101 e POS 09/102 e o segundo grupo com a linhagem POS 98/38. Sendo que dentro do primeiro grupo as linhagens POS 09/100 e POS 09/101 apresentaram similaridade de 93%, ainda... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms can be accomplished on various lignocellulosic substrates in system axenic or pasteurized. The Pleurotus genus is mainly known by the species as Pleurotus ostreatus popularly known oyster mushroom, shimeji or hiratake. In this study, we investigated the genetic variability of four strains of Pleurotus ostreatus by RAPD, the mycelial growth on solid medium, composting parameters (substrate moisture, dynamics of C/N ratio, pH, weight loss, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, total protein and total fiber), productivity and nutritional quality of mushrooms (total protein, total fiber and lipids) grown on different substrates in two C/N ratio. The strains of P. ostreatus were collected from producers of São Paulo State and the materials used for the preparation of substrates were: brachiaria grass, tobiatã grass, brizantha grass, sugar cane straw, wheat straw, sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran. In the first experiment evaluated the genetic variability by RAPD of four strains of P. ostreatus collected from producers of São Paulo State. So were divided into two distinct groups: the first group with the strains POS 09/100, POS 09/101 and 09/102 and the second group with the strain POS 98/38. Since the first group within the strains POS 09/100 and POS 09/101 showed similarly of 69% over the two aforementioned strains. In second group the strain POS 98/38 showed similarity of 36% compared to with the first group. In the second experiment evaluated the mycelial growth in culture media based on the substrate collected at the end of Phase II composting. Was used the punctuation in defined time periods (24 hours) to determine colony growth and non-parametric method of Stundent- Newman-Kills for transforming the values in growth curves higher growth rates were obtained on... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre