by Bi Yu Rong. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-220). / Acknowledgment --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table and contents --- p.v / List of abbreviation --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- General information of plant growth regulators --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Natural plant growth inhibitors --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Alkaloids and narciclasine --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Studies on expansion and greening of cotyledons --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Investigation on chlorophyll synthesis --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Materials and methods --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- Plant materials --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Isolation and purification of inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs --- p.31 / Chapter I. --- Isolation of inhibitory substance from fresh Narcissus bulbs --- p.31 / Chapter II. --- Partial purification of the inhibitory substance with different organic solvents --- p.32 / Chapter III. --- Purification and identification --- p.32 / Chapter A. --- Thin layer chromatography (TLC) --- p.32 / Chapter B. --- Column chromatography --- p.33 / Chapter C. --- Spectrometric analyses --- p.33 / Chapter IV. --- Bioassays --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of narciclasine (NCS) on the seeds germination and seedling growth --- p.34 / Chapter I. --- Germination experiments --- p.35 / Chapter II. --- Seedlings growth --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4 --- Interaction of NCS and phytohormones --- p.35 / Chapter I. --- Interaction with abscisic acid (ABA) --- p.36 / Chapter A. --- Seed germination --- p.36 / Chapter B. --- Seedling growth --- p.36 / Chapter II. --- Interaction with auxin --- p.36 / Chapter III. --- Interaction with gibberellin --- p.37 / Chapter VI. --- Interaction with cytokinin --- p.38 / Chapter 3.5 --- Interaction of NCS and phytohormones to growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons exposing to light --- p.39 / Chapter I. --- Growth of excised radish cotyledons exposing to light --- p.39 / Chapter II. --- Chlorophyll content determination --- p.40 / Chapter III. --- Effects of a pretreatment with BA or NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.40 / Chapter 3.6 --- Effect of NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons and etiolated wheat leaves --- p.41 / Chapter I. --- Effect of NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.41 / Chapter II. --- Effect of NCS on the greening of etiolated wheat leaves --- p.41 / Chapter 3.7 --- Effect of NCS on chlorophyll synthesis and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) accumulation of etiolated wheat leaves in presence of levulinic acid (LA) --- p.42 / Chapter 3.8 --- Enzymes studies in the excised radish cotyledons --- p.43 / Chapter I. --- Assay of isocitrate lyase activity --- p.44 / Chapter II. --- Assay of hydroxypyruvate reductase activity --- p.44 / Chapter 3.9 --- Ultrastructural studies --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.47 / Chapter 4.1 --- Chemical studies of NCS --- p.47 / Chapter I. --- Isolation and partial purification of inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs --- p.47 / Chapter A. --- "Effect of lyophilized slimy secretion (LSS) on the germination seeds, the growth of radicle and hypocotyl of seedlings of Brassica" --- p.47 / Chapter B. --- Effect of different solvent extracts on the germination and the elongation of radicle and hypocotyl of Brassica seedlings --- p.47 / Chapter C. --- Effect of fraction isolated with n-butanol from dried bulbs or LSS on the germination of Brassica seeds and radicle growth --- p.49 / Chapter D. --- Purification of inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs by chromatography --- p.54 / Chapter II. --- Identification of the inhibitory substance from Narcissus bulbs .… --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2 --- Physiological and biochemical studies ofNCS --- p.70 / Chapter I. --- Effects ofNCS on seed germination and seedlings growth of Brassica --- p.70 / Chapter II. --- Time course studies ofNCS on germination and growth of radish seeds --- p.70 / Chapter III. --- Comparative studies ofNCS and ABA on seeds germination and seedlings growth --- p.73 / Chapter IV. --- Interaction between NCS and phytohormones --- p.79 / Chapter A. --- Interaction of NCS with ABA --- p.79 / Chapter B. --- Interaction of NCS with IAA --- p.84 / Chapter C. --- Interaction of NCS with gibberellin --- p.84 / Chapter D. --- Interaction of NCS with cytokinin --- p.89 / Chapter V. --- Effects ofNCS and BA on chlorophyll and carotenoid content of excised cotyledons --- p.89 / Chapter A. --- "Effects ofNCS and BA on expansion, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content of excised radish cotyledons" --- p.89 / Chapter B. --- Effects of a pretreatment with BA or NCS on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.97 / Chapter VI. --- Interaction between NCS and phytohormones in growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.105 / Chapter A. --- "Effects of BA,GA3 and ABA on the growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons" --- p.105 / Chapter B. --- Interaction of NCS with phytohormones on growth and greening of excised radish cotyledons --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3 --- Investigation of effects of NCS on chlorophyll synthesis --- p.113 / Chapter I. --- Effect of preincubation in water on growth and greening of excised cotyledons under light --- p.113 / Chapter II. --- Effect of NCS on the growth and greening of etiolated radish excised cotyledons --- p.116 / Chapter III. --- Effect of NCS on the greening of etiolated leaves of 7-day-old wheat seedlings under light --- p.116 / Chapter IV. --- Effect of LA on ALA accumulation in the light --- p.120 / Chapter V. --- Time course study of NCS on ALA accumulation in the presence of LA --- p.122 / Chapter 4.4 --- Effect of NCS on the development of enzymes activities in the excised radish cotyledons --- p.122 / Chapter I. --- Effect of NCS on isocitrate lyase activity of excised radish cotyledons --- p.122 / Chapter II --- Effect of NCS on hydroxypyruvate reductase activity of excised radish cotyledons --- p.125 / Chapter 4.5 --- Effect of NCS on ultrastructural changes of excised radish cotyledons --- p.128 / Chapter I. --- Time course studies --- p.128 / Chapter II. --- "Effect ofNCS, BA and ABA on the ultrastructural change of excised radish cotyledons in the light" --- p.142 / Chapter III. --- Effect of a pretreatment with dark on the inhibition ofNCS on ultrastructural change of excised radish cotyledons in light --- p.150 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.160 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.180 / References --- p.188

It was found that narciclasine retarded the growth of human cancer cells and plant suspension cells in dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory mechanism of narciclasine was found to be apoptosis for the DNA histogram showed an apoptotic peak in narciclasine-treated A375 cancer cells. The fluorescent signal dUTP fluorescein was found in the narciclasine-treated A735 cancer cell in TUNEL assay. The Annexin-V-FLUOS stained A375 cancer cell at 24-hour treatment with no PI found. These results suggest that narciclasine triggered early apoptosis in A375 cancer cell. Immunoblot analysis of the apoptotic signalling pathway showed that narciclasine induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. Narciclasine induced the cleavage of caspase-9 but not the caspase-8, which was triggered by cytochrome c release from mitochondrial intermembrane space into cytosol. The activated caspase-9 triggered caspase cascade (e.g. cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-7) which induced the cleavage of PARP. / Narciclasine is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the bulb of Narcissus tazetta. It shows a wide range of biological activities such as antitumour, antiviral and plant growth inhibitory activities. However, little information is available regarding such inhibitory activities. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of narciclasine in different cell models. / On the other hand, narciclasine triggered programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells as proved by the increased intensity of Evans blue in narciclasine-treated suspension cells. Fluorescent microscopy showed that narciclasine induced PCD in tobacco BY2 cell with the dUTP fluorescein stained in narciclasine-treated cell. The induction of PCD was in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. / Proteomic studies showed that narciclasine may affect A375 cancer cell and rice meristemic cells in similar manner. Narciclasine may affect the metabolism and defence system of both A375 cancer cell and rice meristemic cells through down-regulating the expression of metabolic enzymes (e.g. triosephosphate isomerase in A375 cancer cell and fructose bisphosphate aldolase in rice root tip) and defensive proteins (e.g. peroxiredoxin in A375 cancer cell and catalase in rice root tip). Narciclasine down-regulated the heat-shock proteins (HSP) which is involved in regulating cellular homeostasis and promoting cell survival. Therefore, narciclasine reduced HSP to lower the cell survival ability and induced the caspase cascade or caspase-like activity in A375 cancer cell and rice respectively. / To summarize, narciclasine induced apoptosis in A375 cancer cell and programmed cell death in tobacco BY2 cell. / Wong, Chi Fai. / "October 2007." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: B, page: 4576. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-255). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Excessive growth by red clover, Trifolium pratense L., grown for seed interferes with maximum seed production and harvest in Oregon's Willamette Valley. This study was conducted during 1986 and 1987 on red clover cv. Kenland to determine if plant height and dry matter production could be inhibited and seed yields improved with the plant growth regulators (PGRs) uniconazol (XE-1019) and paclobutrazol (Parlay). The effects of different soil-applied and foliar-applied PGRs and application rates on plant height, crop biomass, and yield components of red clover were measured at Corvallis, OR on Woodburn silt-loam (fine-silty mixed mesic Aquultic Argixerolls) soil. Soil-applied PGRs were also managed under single and multiple irrigation regimes in 1986. Under a single irrigation regime in 1986, canopy height was reduced by 32% when XE-1019 was applied at 1.12 kg ai/ha and was reduced by 13% when Parlay was applied at 1.68 kg ai/ha. Averaged over the two-year period, straw yield was reduced 40% with XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) and by 12% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha). Seed yield was increased by 11% with the lower XE-1019 rate (0.14 kg ai/ha) and was increased by 14% with the higher Parlay rate (1.68 kg ai/ha). Soil-applied PGR treatments reduced canopy height by 25% with XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) and was reduced by 11% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha) under multiple irrigation in 1986. Straw yield was reduced by 30% with XE-1019 (0.84 kg ai/ha), but Parlay had no effect on straw yield. In addition, seed yield was increased by 8% with XE-1019 (0.56 kg ai/ha) and by 18% with Parlay (1.68 kg ai/ha). Foliar-applied XE-1019 (1.12 kg ai/ha) reduced canopy height by 13% in 1986 and by 25% in 1987, whereas foliar-applied Parlay (1.12 kg ai/ha) reduced canopy height by 9% in 1986 and by 19% in 1987. In 1986, seed yield increases averaged 16% across all 3CE-1019 treatments (0.07 to 1.12 kg ai/ha) and was increased an average of 21% across all Parlay treatments (0.28 to 1.68 kg ai/ha). However, 1987 was drier and warmer than 1986, consequently, foliar-applied XE-1019 reduced seed yields by an average of 23% and Parlay reduced seed yields by an average of 21%. Total dry weight and straw weight were unaffected by foliar-applied PGR treatment in both years. Use of XE-1019 and Parlay in field crop production has the potential to reduce dry matter production and improve seed recovery, but results vary from year to year. These PGRs have the potential to improve seed yields and may be effective in improving harvest conditions by reducing vegetative biomass. / Graduation date: 1995

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Thesis (M. Ag. Sci.)--University of Adelaide, 1984. / Some ill. mounted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-118).

Thesis (M. Ag. Sc.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1997. / Copies of author's previously published material inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-227).

Thesis (M. Ag. Sc.)--University of Adelaide Department of Plant Physiology, 1968. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-155).