Orientador: Elizabeth Orika Ono / Banca: Regina Marta Evangelista / Banca: José Maria Monteiro Sigrist / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de reguladores vegetais nas trocas gasosa durante o desenvolvimento da planta e na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de melão rendilhado Galileu, armazenados em condições ambiente. A primeira etapa do experimento foi conduzida em estufa para cultivo protegido das plantas de melão, localizada na área experimental da Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. A aplicação dos tratamentos foram realizadas no início da fase reprodutiva, 15 e 30 dias após a primeira aplicação. As medidas de trocas gasosas foram realizadas sempre no período das 8:00 às 11:00 horas da manhã, nas plantas controle e tratadas com os reguladores vegetais, no dia anterior e posterior à aplicação. Ci, A, gs e E foram feitas com um Infra Red Gas Analyser IRGA, modelo LI-6400 da LI-COR. As plantas receberam os tratamentos no campo (T1 controle, T2 GA3 (ácido giberélico) a 100 mg L-1, T3 IBA (ácido indolilbutírico) a 100 mg L-1, T4 cinetina a 100 mg L-1, T5 mistura de GA3 + IBA + cinetina a 5%), os frutos foram colhidos (51 dias após a primeira aplicação) e transportados ao Laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças, pertencente ao Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. Os frutos foram avaliados a cada 5 dias, durante 20 dias de armazenamento. As alterações pós-colheita foram detectadas por meio de análises de perda de massa fresca, firmeza, acidez titulável, pH, sólidos solúveis, relação SS/AT, açúcares totais, redutores e sacarose, atividade das enzimas peroxidase (POD), pectinametilesterase (PME) e poligalacturonase (PG). Os macronutrientes e micronutrientes foram analisados na colheita. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com o controle e mais quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições que correspondem aos blocos. Nas condições em que o experimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work's objective was to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators on gas exchange during plant development and on post harvest quality of Galileu cantaloupes stored at conditions atmosphere. The first stage of the assay was conducted in a greenhouse (protected cultivation of cantaloupe plants), in the experimental area of São Manuel's Experimental Farm/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. The treatments were applied in the beginning of the reproductive stage, and 15 and 30 days after the first application. Gas exchange measurements were performed from 0800 to 1100 a.m, both in control plants and plants treated with plant growth regulators, on the previous and subsequent day from application. Ci, A, gs, and E were evaluated with a LI-COR model LI-6400 "Infra Red Gas Analyzer - IRGA". The cantaloupe plants were treated in the field (T1 controls, T2 GA3 (gibberellic acid) 100 mg L-1, T3 IBA (indolebutyric acid) 100 mg L-1, T4- kinetin 100 mg L-1, T5- GA3 + IBA + kinetin mixture at 5%), and fruits were harvest (51 days after the first application) and transported to the Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory of Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. The fruits were evaluated every 5 days during a 20-day storage period. Alterations in post harvest quality were detected through analyses comprising fresh weight loss, firmness, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, SS/TA ratio, total sugars, reduced sugars and sucrose, and activity of the enzymes peroxidase (POD), pectin methylesterase (PME), and polygalacturonase (PG). Macronutrients and micronutrients were analyzed at harvest time. The statistical design consisted of randomized blocks including a control, in addition to four treatments and four replicates that corresponded to blocks. Under the conditions in which the experiment was conducted, the results allow us to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Denise Laschi / Banca: Terezinha Rangel Câmara / Banca: José Luis Mosca / Abstract: Beehive ginger inflorescences have yellow bracts when they are young, which are ornamental and are specially used in gardening projects and as cut flowers. However, there are crop management and postharvest factors that affect the expansion of the species. So, the objective of this work was to study some physiological postharvest aspect of beehive ginger inflorescences grown in the lower middle São Francisco river basin. Flower stems just harvested were submitted to different treatments (distilled water; 75 mg L-1 of silver nitrate - AgNO3; 1000 mg L-1 of cobalt chloride - CoCl2; 5 mg L-1 de GA3 - Progibb® and 10 mg L-1 of 6-benzylamino purine - BAP), in an environment with controlled temperature and humidity, for 15 days. The longevity was monitored from non-destructive analysis (grading scale, fresh weight, consumption and pH of the preservative solution) as well as destructive ones (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity, total soluble and reducing carbohydrates, phenols, putrescine, spermine and spermidine content). The non-destructive analysis showed that the beehive ginger stems treated with gibberelin and silver nitrate presented a better visual aspect according to the grading scale, the ones treated with AgNO3 absorbed a greater volume of the solution during the experimental period, while the ones treated with silver nitrate and BAP had a greater fresh weight. The smallest variation of the preservative solution pH took place with the treatments containing the plant regulators. The destructive analysis revealed that the inflorescences maintained in preservative solutions with gibberelin and distilled water kept their stocks of total soluble sugars for 3 days longer than the stems submitted to the other treatments. The contents of reducing sugars increased 7 considerably in inflorescences treated with cytokinin. The BAP promoted alterations in the activity of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Samia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo / Banca: Sandra Regina Ceccato Antonini / Banca: Regina Teresa Rosim Monteiro / Banca: Antonio Ismael Bassinelo / Banca: Carlos Renato Corso / Resumo: Nas usinas, no início da safra, a obtenção de matéria-prima de boa qualidade é maximizada com a aplicação de fitorreguladores, os quais aumentam o teor de sacarose da cana-de-açúcar. Em áreas onde eles são aplicados, tem se observado melhor desenvolvimento e perfilhamento das plantas. Avaliou-se aqui o efeito da aplicação dos fitorreguladores Ethrel e Moddus sobre o crescimento da cana-de-açúcar, de forma direta e indiretamente, através da modificação da microbiota rizosférica. Além disso, objetivou-se também avaliar o uso de rizobactérias, isoladas dos experimentos com fitorreguladores, para o biocontrole de doenças e seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. Os efeitos dos fitorreguladores sobre os microrganismos do solo foram avaliados em meios de cultura acrescidos de Ethrel e Moddus em concentrações de 0 a 1000 ppm. Estes fitorreguladores foram aplicados via foliar e via solo para análise do desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar (variedades RB72454, RB835486 e RB855156) em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se solo sem tratamento e tratado com brometo de metila. Após dez meses, foram avaliadas a brotação, altura e matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes das plantas cultivadas. Rizobactérias foram isoladas dos solos contidos nos vasos e avaliadas in vitro quanto à capacidade de controle de fungos fitopatogênicos (Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Fusarium spp. e Hendersonina sacchari), e in vivo, quanto à capacidade de promoção de crescimento de plântulas de cana-de-açúcar. Alguns mecanismos de ação das rizobactérias foram também estudados, como produção de ácido indol acético, ácido cianídrico, sideróforos e solubilização de fosfato inorgânico. Constatou-se que as populações de fungos foram mais sensíveis à adição dos fitorreguladores do que outros grupos de microrganismos, com redução...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: For sugar and alcohol industries, at the start of harvesting, to obtain good quality raw material is potentially possible with the application of plant regulators, which have a role in natural sugar cane maturation, increasing sucrose content. In areas where they have been applied, better plant development and shooting have been observed. The aim here was to evaluate the application of plant regulators Ethrel and Moddus on sugar cane growth, not only in a direct way, but also indirectly, through the modification of rhizosphere microorganisms. Besides, this work also aimed the evaluation of rhizobacteria isolated from the experiments using plant regulators upon the disease biocontrol and their action mechanisms in this respect. The effects of plant regulators upon the soil microorganisms were verified in culture media where Ethrel and Moddus were added in concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 ppm, while the effects of these substances (applied in leaves and in soil) upon the sugar cane development (varieties RB72454, RB835486 and RB855156) were surveyed in greenhouse, using soil without treatment and treated with methyl bromide. After a ten-month period, the experiments were finished, and sprouting, height and aerial part and root dry matter were analyzed. Soil samples were taken from the pots for rhizobacteria isolation, which were evaluated initially in vitro regarding their ability to control plant pathogenic fungi (Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Fusarium spp. and Hendersonina sacchari), and in vivo, regarding their ability to promote sugar cane growth. Some action mechanisms were also studied, as indol acetic acid, cyanide acid and siderophore production and inorganic phosphate solubilization. It was verified that the fungi populations were more sensitive to the addition of plant regulators than other microorganisms, reducing their colony-forming unit (CFU)...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Doutor