L’utilisation du panic érigé amendé avec du biochar et/ou inoculé avec des rhizobactéries, pour produire de l’énergie, pourrait permettre de réduire les gaz à effets de serre. Afin d’évaluer les effets de ces amendements sur le contenu en carbone (C) de la plante et du sol, un essai a été mis en place sur un loam sableux à St-Augustin-de-Desmaures, selon un plan en tiroirs répété 3 fois avec en parcelles principales, un traitement de biochar de 10 Mg MS ha-1 et un traitement sans biochar, et en sous-parcelles, 3 doses d’azote ( 0,  25,  50 kg ha-1) et 2 traitements d’inoculation bactérienne. L’apport d’engrais minéral azoté a augmenté significativement le rendement en biomasse aérienne et en C lors de la 2e année de croissance. Le biochar et l’inoculation n’ont eu aucun effet sur la biomasse aérienne du panic et un effet marginal sur la biomasse racinaire. Aucun effet significatif n'a été observé sur le contenu en C du sol. / The use of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) amended with biochar and/or rhizobacteria to produce energy, could potentially be a solution to reduce greenhouse gases and contribute to increase carbon (C) sequestration in soil. In this experiment, switchgrass was treated with biochar and N-fixing and P-solubilising bacteria in a split-plot experimental design. To assess the C dynamics in switchgrass production, the experiment was established on a sandy loam in St-Augustin-de-Desmaures near Quebec. A biochar treatment of 10 Mg of dry matter per hectare and treatments without biochar has been used as main plots, while three nitrogen rates (0,  25 and 50 kg ha-1) and treatments of bacterial inoculation were installed as sub-plots. The mineral nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the aboveground biomass yield and C after two years of growth. A small positive effect of biochar (p=0,08) increase root C. Soil C was not affected by any treatment after two years of growth.

Coccolithophores are unicellular microscopic algae (Haptophyta) surrounded by calcium carbonate plates that are produced during their life cycle. These species, whose contemporary contributor is Emiliania huxleyi, are mainly found in the sub-polar and temperate oceans, where they produce huge blooms visible from space. Coccolithophores are sensitive to ocean acidification that results from the ongoing accumulation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. The response of these organisms to global change appears to be related to the reduction of their ability to produce calcium carbonate at the cellular level. At the community levels, one anticipates changes in the carbon fluxes associated to their blooms as calcification is reduced. However, the consequences of such environmental changes on this species are speculative and require improvements in the description of the mechanisms controlling the organic and inorganic carbon production and export.<p><p>The first aspect of this work was to study the response of these organisms to artificially modified CO2 concentrations representative of the conditions occurring in the past (glacial) and those expected by the end of the century (2100). Two different levels were examined: the continuous monospecific cultures (chemostats) allowed us to work at the cellular level while the mesocosms gave light to the mechanisms taking place in an isolated fraction of the natural community. The second aspect of this work consisted of field studies carried out during four cruises (2002, 2003, 2004 and 2006) in the northern Bay of Biscay, where the occurrence of E. huxleyi blooms were observed in late spring and early summer. We describe the vertical profiles of biogeochemical variables (nutrients, chlorophyll-a, dissolved inorganic chemistry, particulate carbon, transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)) and study processes such as primary production, calcification and bacterial production. The properties of these blooms are compared with those reported in the literature and enriched with original measurements such as the abundance and concentration of TEP that could play an important role in carbon export to the deep ocean, modifying the properties of the settling ballasted aggregates.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished