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A field lysimeter experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons. The experiment tested the effects of different watertables on soybean yields, and on moisture distribution and nitrogen concentration of the soil profile. The watertable depths were 40, 60, 80, and 100 centimeters (cm). / Yields were measured in terms of number of beans per plant, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, and seed protein content at harvest. / Soil samples collected at depths of 30 and 70 cm from the soil surface were analyzed for moisture content and NO$ sb3 sp-$-N and NH$ sb4 sp+$-N concentrations. / The experimental results showed that controlled watertable management increased the yield and decreased soil NO$ sb3 sp-$-N levels. The best results from the watertables tested were found to be at 60 and 80 cm. This is suggested as the range of watertable depths that should be maintained for optimum soybean production.

The commencement of in vitro differentiation is mediated by genetic changes that result in selective expression of genes and a shift in metabolism. The role of nitrate reductase, a key enzyme of nitrate assimilation, during differentiation was examined in this study using an in vitro Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) callus culture system. In particular, the effects of nitrogen and light/dark regimes on callus differentiation and nitrate reductase were investigated. Methodology required for the analysis of nitrate reductase regulation during in vitro tobacco callus differentiation was established. Optimised in vivo, in situ and in vitro nitrate reductase assays yielded similar values and patterns during tobacco callus culture development, and the in vivo assay was selected for nitrate reductase activity measurement during subsequent experiments. Western blot analysis of tobacco callus acetone-extracted protein after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using a spinach polyclonal nitrate reductase antibody yielded major bands at 71 and 48 kD, with numerous minor bands. Extraction of callus protein in the presence of various protectants did not prevent cleavage of putative nitrate reductase polypeptide. Slot blot detection of nitrate reductase mRNA using a [32p]- labelled nitrate reductase cDNA probe isolated from the plasmid pBMC102010 was not possible due to non-specific binding to nitrocellulose filters. Northern blotting of RNA fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis using a [32p]-labelled nitrate reductase cDNA probe identified a single mRNA species at 3.5 kb, the expected size of tobacco nitrate reductase mRNA. In vitro tobacco callus differentiation on 60 or 120 mM nitrogen regimes and under light/dark (16/8 h), continuous dark or continuous light treatments were comparable in terms of fresh weight, protein and nitrate uptake. Higher levels of in vivo nitrate reductase activity were observed prior to visible shoot primordia in all treatments, suggesting that the developmental status of callus mediated the regulation of nitrate reductase. Putative nitrate reductase protein levels were not correlated with in vivo nitrate reductase activity during initial stages of tobacco callus differentiation under various light treatments; nitrate reductase mRNA levels could not be ascertained. These results suggested that post-translational control mechanisms were involved in nitrate reductase regulation during in vitro tobacco callus differentiation. / Thesis-(M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.

The responses of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Samsun to alterations in the nitrogen (N) supply under saline conditions in vitro were monitored. The aim was to test the hypothesis that nitrate-nitrogen supplementation to salt stressed plants alleviates the deleterious effects of salt on plant growth. Due to its capacity to be maintained under stringent environmental conditions, in vitro shoot cultures were chosen as the system of study. Nicotiana tabacum plantlets regenerated from callus in vitro were excised and rooted on solid MS culture medium containing a range of concentrations of NaCI (0 - 180 mM) and N (0 - 120 mM, as NO3--N, NH4+-N or a combination). A variety of parameters of root and shoot growth, nutrient utilisation and nitrogen metabolism were assessed over a 35 d period. Plant growth on 40 mM NO3--N + 20 mM NH4+-N (standard MS nutrients) was inhibited by the presence of salt, with root growth being more adversely affected by salt than stem growth. Root emergence was delayed from 6 d (0 mM NaCI) to 15 d (180 mM NaCI). Similar suppression of growth for all parameters, except root mass and leaf chlorophyll content, was observed when NaCI was replaced with mannitol at equivalent osmolalities. Root mass and leaf chlorophyll were significantly improved in plantlets supplied with mannitol. The time of root emergence was unaffected by mannitol supply, with all roots emerging after 10 d in culture. Plantlet growth on NH4+-N only (0 - 60 mM) was severely inhibited, even in the absence of NaCI, and was inferior to growth on NO3--N. Nitrate additions to salt stressed plantlets could not match growth in control (0 mM NaCI) plantlets. When plantlets were cultured on NO3--N only (0 mM, 30 mM, 60 mM, 120 mM), the increase in nitrate supply up to 60 mM resulted in a small improvement in growth on 90 mM NaCI, but had almost no effect on growth at 180 mM NaCl. A nitrate supply of 120 mM led to growth inhibition in all parameters, even in the absence of NaCl. Plantlet growth on isosmotic concentrations of mannitol in the presence of 0 - 120 mM NO3--N essentially mimicked that of NaCI, except for leaf chlorophyll content which was improved on mannitol at all NO3-·N levels. Nitrate uptake (measured as depletion from growth medium) by plantlets grown on 0 - 180 mM NaCI was positively correlated to availability of nitrate but negatively correlated to NaCI supply. Similar results were obtained for a mannitol supply except nitrate uptake was enhanced significantly on mannitol compared to NaCl. Sodium and chloride uptake appeared unaffected by nitrate concentration. Leaf protein content responded favourably to an increase in the NO3--N supply up to 60 mM and, in particular, appeared to be stimulated in the presence of 180 mM NaCl. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was found to be inhibited drastically by salt and NO3--N supplementation to the salt medium had no effect on enzyme activity. A reduction in leaf total RNA content was recorded with an increase in NaCI concentration from 0 - 180 mM. A positive response to an increase in the NO3--N supply from 30 mM to 60 mM was detected in the presence of NaCl. Attempts were made to assess the levels of mRNA for NR in response to the various NaCl and N regimes. The plasmid pBMCI02010 containing a NR cDNA insert was isolated and purified and used in both radioactive and non-radioactive RNA slot blot hybridisation procedures. However, due to problems of non-specific binding of the probe, no quantification of the levels of NR mRNA in response to the various treatments could be made. Nitrate supplementation to plantlets of Nicotiana tabacum growing in vitro did not appear to ameliorate the effects of salinity stress, such that growth of plantlets in the presence of NaCI was always inferior to that in the absence of NaCl. As a large portion of growth inhibition was found in this study to be a result of osmotic rather than ionic effects of salt, it is questioned whether a nitrate supply would have an ameliorating effect on plant growth under field conditions. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1992.

The work reported in this thesis was designed to develop a better understanding of the fate of fertiliser nitrogen applied to a tropical pasture under field conditions, with the eventual objective of improving the economy of livestock production off such pastures. This involved an examination of the concentrations of soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at different depths within the soil profile following the application of different levels of fertiliser nitrogen to a grazed kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture, as well as the influence of such applications on pasture yield and some elements of pasture quality. The trial was conducted over a two year period at Broadacres in the Natal Mistbelt. A labelled [15]NH[4]N0[3] fertiliser experiment was also conducted to ascertain how the labelled ammonium ion moved through the soil, roots and herbage after being applied in spring onto a kikuyu pasture. In the absence of fertiliser N, a total of 15.45 t/ha of soil N was recorded at an average concentration of 0.15%. More than 30% of the soil total N was, however, situated within the top 10cm of soil. organic matter (OM) content in the top 0-10cm of the profile was high (4.75%), reflecting an accumulation of organic matter in this zone. However, as organic C (and thus c: N ratios) declined with depth, so too did soil total N concentration. Not surprisingly, fertiliser measurably increase soil total N, N applications did not but indirectly may have affected soil N dynamics by increasing net mineralisation (due to its "priming" effect) thereby stimulating plant growth and thus increasing the size of the organic N pool through greater plant decay. Total soil N concentration did not change significantly from the first to the second season. This could be attributed to the fact that N gains and losses on the pastures, being over 15 years old, were probably in equilibrium. Generally similar trends in soil total N down the profile over both seasons was further confirmation of this. Before the application of any fertiliser, 331.9 kg NH[4]-N was measured in the soil to a depth of 1m, on average, over both seasons. This amount represented only 2.1% of the soil total N in the profile. The concentration of NH[4]-N followed a quadratic trend down the soil profile, irrespective of the amount of fertiliser N applied, with the largest concentrations accumulating, on average, in the 0-10cm and 75-100cm depth classes and lowest concentrations in the 50-75cm depth class. Laboratory wetting/drying experiments on soil samples collected from a depth of 75-100cm showed that NH[4]-N concentrations declined only marginally from their original concentrations. A high organic C content of 1.44% at this depth was also probable evidence of nitrification inhibition. Analysis of a similar Inanda soil form under a maize crop did not exhibit the properties eluded to above, suggesting that annual turn-over of the soil was causing mineralisation-immobilisation reactions to proceed normally. Addition of fertiliser N to the pasture significantly increased the amount of NH[4]-N over that of the control camps. Furthermore, the higher the application rate, the greater the increase in NH[4]-N accumulation within the soil profile. As N application rates increased, so the NH[4]-N:N0[3]-N ratio narrowed in the soil complex. This was probably due to NH[4]-N being applied ln excess of plant requirements at the high N application rates. On average, 66.7 kg more NH[4]-N was present in the soil in the first season than in the second after fertilisation. Although this amount did not differ significantly from spring through to autumn, during early spring and late summer/autumn concentrations were higher than in mid-summer. Observed soil NH4-N trends were also very similar to the soil total N trends within both seasons, suggesting that soil total N concentrations might well play an important role in determining soil NH4-N concentrations. Before fertilisation, only 45.6 kg N0[3]-N, representing 0.29% of the soil total N, was on average, found in the profile to a depth of 1m. The highest concentration of N0[3]-N was lodged in the top 10cm of the soil. Nitrate-N declined, on average, with depth down the profile. However, during the second season, even though the concentration of N03-N declined down the profile, it increased with depth during relative to that of the first season, suggesting the movement of N0[3]-N down the profile during this period. Fertilisation significantly increased the concentration of N0[3]-N above that of the control camps. Concentrations increased as fertiliser application rates increased, as did N0[3]-N concentrations with depth. This has important implications regarding potential leaching of N03-N into the groundwater, suggesting that once applications reach levels of 300 kg N/ha/season or more, applications should become smaller and more frequent over the season in order to remove this pollution potential. On average, 94.3 kg N0[3]-N/ha was present down to a depth of 1m over both seasons. However, significantly more N0[3]-N was present in the second season than in the first. This result is in contrast to that of the NH[4]-N, wherein lower concentrations were found in the second season than in the first. No specific trends in N0[3]-N concentration were observed within each season. Rather, N0[3]-N concentrations tended to vary inconsistently at each sampling period. Nitrate N and ammonium N concentrations within each month followed a near mirror image. A DM yield of 12.7 t/ha, averaged over all treatments, was measured over the two seasons. A progressive increase in DM yield was obtained with successive increments of N fertiliser. The response of the kikuyu to the N applied did, however, decline as N applications increased. A higher yield of 1.8 t DM/ha in the first season over that of the second was difficult to explain since rainfall amount and distribution was similar over both seasons. On average, 2.84% protein N was measured in the herbage over both seasons. In general, protein N concentrations increased as N application rates increased. On average, higher concentrations of protein-N were measured within the upper (>5cm) than in the lower <5cm) herbage stratum, irrespective of the amount of N applied. Similar bi-modal trends over time in protein-N concentration were measured for all N treatments and within both herbage strata over both seasons, with concentrations tending to be highest during early summer (Dec), and in early autumn (Feb), and lowest during spring (Oct), mid-summer (Jan) and autumn (March). spring and autumn peaks seemed to correspond with periods of slower growth, whilst low mid-summer concentrations coincided with periods of high DM yields and TNC concentrations. The range of N0[3]-N observed in the DM on the Broadacres trial was 0.12% to 0.43%. As applications of fertiliser N to the pasture increased, N0[3]-N concentrations within the herbage increased in a near-linear fashion. On average, higher concentrations of N0[3]-N, irrespective of the amount of fertiliser N applied, were measured wi thin the upper (>5cm) than the lower <5cm) herbage stratum. A similar bi-modal trend to that measured with protein-N concentrations was observed in both seasons for N0[3]-N in the herbage. High concentrations of N0[3]-N were measured during spring (Nov) and autumn (Feb), and lower concentrations in midsummer (Dec & Jan), very early spring (Oct) and early autumn (March). During summer, declining N0[3]-N concentrations were associated with a corresponding increase in herbage DM yields. A lack of any distinctive trend emerged on these trials in the response of TNC to increased fertilisation with N suggests that, in kikuyu, applied N alone would not materially alter TNC concentrations. Higher concentrations of TNC were determined in the lower <5cm) height stratum, on average, than in the corresponding upper (>5cm) stratum. This may be ascribed to the fact that TNCs tend to be found in higher concentrations where plant protein-N and N0[3]-N concentrations are low. A P concentration of 0.248% before N fertilisation, is such that it should preclude any necessity for P supplementation, at least to beef animals. Herbage P concentrations did, however, drop as N fertiliser application rates were increased on the pasture, but were still high enough to preclude supplementation. Even though no significant difference in P concentration was measured between the two herbage strata, a higher P content prevailed within the lower <5cm) herbage stratum. On average, 2.96% K was present within the herbage material in this trial. The norm for pastures ranges between 0.7 and 4.0%. On these trials, applications of fertiliser N to the camps did not significantly affect K concentrations within the herbage. The lower <5cm) herbage stratum, comprising most of the older herbage fraction, was found to contain the highest K concentration in the pasture. The presence of significantly (although probably biologically non-significantly) less K within the herbage in the second season than in the first may be linked to depletion of reserves of · this element in the soil by the plant and/ or elemental interactions between K and other macro-nutrients. An average Ca content of 0.35% within the herbage falls within the range of 0.14 to 1.5% specified by the NRC (1976) as being adequate for all except high-producing dairy animals. Increasing N application rates to the pasture increased the Ca content within the herbage . No significant differences in Ca concentration were found between the upper (>5cm) and lower <5cm) herbage strata over both seasons, even though the lower stratum had a slightly higher Ca concentration, on average, than the upper stratum. Calcium concentrations did not vary between seasons, probably because concentrations tend rather to vary according to stage of plant maturity, season or soil condition. However, higher concentrations of the element were measured in the second season than in the first. The reason for this is unknown. On average, 0.377% Mg was present within the herbage over both seasons. This compares favourably with published data wherein Mg concentrations varied from 0 . 04 to 0.9% in the DM, with a mean of 0.36%. All camps with N applied to them contained significantly more Mg in their herbage than did the material of the control camps. On these trials, the Ca :Mg ratio is 0.92: 1, which 1S considered to be near the optimum for livestock and thus the potential for tetany to arise is minimal. Magnesium concentrations remained essentially similar within both herbage strata, regardless of the rate of fertiliser N applied. As in the case of Ca, Mg concentrations within the herbage were significantly higher in the second season than in the first. Calcium:phosphate ratios increased, on average in the herbage, as N application rates increased. This ratio was high in spring, dropped off in summer and increased again into autumn, suggesting that the two ions were following the growth pattern of the kikuyu over the season. The K/Mg+Ca ratios were nearly double that of the norm, suggesting that the pasture was experiencing luxury K uptake which may be conducive to tetany in animals grazing the pasture. This ratio narrowed as N application rates were increased, probably as a result of ion dilution as the herbage yields increased in response to these N applications. The ratio was low in spring (October), but increased to a peak in December, before declining again to a low in March. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1994.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-114). / Microfiche. / xiii, 114 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Orientador: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Tarlei Arriel Botrel / Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do nitrogênio aplicado ao solo, via fertirrigação por gotejamento, e a aplicação foliar do ácido giberélico (GA3), na nutrição e nos componentes de produção da alface tipo americana, cv. 'Lucy Brown', em cultivo protegido, foi efetuado o presente trabalho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas: quatro doses de nitrogênio (60, 120, 180 e 240 kg de N.ha-1), na parcela, e quatro épocas de aplicação de GA3 (0, 40, 55 e 70 DAS - dias após a semeadura), na subparcela. O ácido giberélico foi aplicado com pulverizador costal de CO2, numa concentração única de 20 mg do ingrediente ativo.L-1 de solução, nas subparcelas nas épocas determinadas. Foram realizadas quatro coletas para avaliação dos parâmetros vegetativos e análise de nutrientes, com intervalos de 15 dias, iniciando-se aos 51 DAS (23 DAT- dias após o transplantio) até 96 DAS (64 DAT). Os trabalhos foram conduzidos na área experimental da Fazenda São Manuel, no município de São Manuel - SP. Não foi observada interação entre a aplicação de nitrogênio e o ácido giberélico nos parâmetros vegetativos avaliados, bem como no teor e acúmulo dos macronutrientes. Contudo, houve influência dos fatores de variação de forma independente nos parâmetros ao longo do ciclo. O nitrogênio é extremamente importante no crescimento e acúmulo de matéria fresca na planta de alface tipo americana e pode ser usado em doses maiores quando há disponibilidade de cálcio e potássio. Tendo sido os melhores resultados alcançados com a dose de 180 kg de N. ha-1. O uso do ácido giberélico (GA3), aos 70 DAS (dias após a semeadura) proporcionou os melhores resultados nos parâmetros relativos ao crescimento. Enquanto a época de aplicação aos 40 DAS, promoveu o desenvolvimento intenso do caule, levando a efeitos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: With the goal of estimating the nitrogen effects applied on the soil, through fertigation by dripping, and the foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3), in the nourishment and in the components of Crisphead Lettuce production, cv. 'Lucy Brown', in protected cultivation, this paper was done. The used experimental drawing was made of casual blocks in subdivided portions: four doses de nitrogen (60, 120 180 and 240 kg de N.ha-1), in the portion, and four application times of GA3 (0, 40, 55 e 70 DAS - days after sowing) in the subportion. The gibberellic acid was applied with a costal pulverize machine of CO2, in a unique dose of 20 mg.L-1 of the active ingredient, in the subportions in the specific times. Four collects were done for the evaluation of the vegetative parameters and nutrient analysis, with a 15-days recess, beninning on 51 DAS (23DAT) to 96 DAS (64 DAT). The works were managed in the experimental area of São Manuel Farm, in São Manuel County - SP. It wasn't observed interaction between nitrogen application and the gibberellic acid in the evaluated vegetative characteristics, as well as in the tenor and accumulation of macro-nutrients. However, there was na influence of changing factors in na independent way in the parameters along the cycle. The nitrogen is extremely important in the growth and accumulation of fresh material in the Crisphead lettuce vegetable and it can be used in bigger doses when there is availability of calcium and potassium. These have been the best results got with the dose 180 kg of N.ha-1. The usage of gibberellic acid (GA3), on 70 DAS (days after the sowing) provided the best results in the characteristics related to the growth. As long as the application time on 40 DAS, provided the intense satlk growth, conducing to the depreciatory effects, as the plants arranged in layers, a bigger number of external leaves, and a samller accumulation of fresh... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Mestre

Orientador: Rogério Peres Soratto / Coorientador: Adalton Mazetti Fernandes / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: José Lavres Junior / Resumo: Devido ao alto custo e baixa eficiência de aproveitamento dos fertilizantes nitrogenados pelas plantas, existe grande interesse em estratégias, como a fixação biológica de N2 (FBN), para a redução da aplicação de nitrogênio (N) inorgânico nas culturas. A co-inoculação consiste na combinação de bactérias do gênero Rhizobium (simbióticas) com as do gênero Azospirillum (associativas), aos quais podem produzir efeito sinérgico proporcionando resultados superiores àqueles obtidos quando utilizadas de forma isolada. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da co-inoculação com Rhizobium tropici e Azospirillum brasilense, bem como da adubação nitrogenada de semeadura, no crescimento, nodulação, nutrição mineral e produtividade de grãos do feijoeiro comum. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em condições de campo, durante as safras "das águas" e "da seca" do ano agrícola 2016/2017; e um experimento em condições de casa de vegetação durante o período de janeiro a março de 2017, no município de Botucatu-SP. Em todos os experimentos, o delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram estudadas nove formas de inoculação/co-inoculação e aplicação de N em cobertura [1: controle absoluto (sem inoculação e sem N em cobertura); 2: 60 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura em V4; 3: inoculação com R. tropici 2,5 × 106 células semente-1; 4: inoculação com A. brasilense 5,2 × 104 células semente-1; 5: inoculação com A. brasilense 2,5 × 105 células semente-1; 6: inoculação ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Due to the high cost and low use efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizers by plants, there is great interest in strategies to reduce N application in crops, such as biological N2 fixation (BNF). Co-inoculation consists in combination of bacteria of the genus Rhizobium (symbiotics) with those of the genus Azospirillum (associatives), which can produce a synergistic effect, providing higher performance of the plants then those obtained using Rhizobium alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co-inoculation with Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense, as well as N fertilization at sowing, in growth, nodulation, mineral nutrition, and grain yield of common bean. Two experiments were conducted under field conditions in "spring" and "summer-fall" growing seasons of the 2016/2017 harvest, and an experiment under greenhouse conditions during the period from January to March of 2017, in Botucatu-SP, Brazil. In all experiments, the design was in randomized blocks, with four replications. Nine forms of inoculation/co-inoculation and topdressing N application were studied [1: absolute control (without inoculation and without topdressing N ) 2: 60 kg ha-1 of topdressing N in V4; 3: inoculation with R. tropici 2.5 × 106 cells seed-1; 4: inoculation with A. brasilense 5.2 × 104 cells seed-1; 5: inoculation with A. brasilense 2.5 × 105 cells seed-1; 6: inoculation with A. brasilense 5.0 × 105 cells seed-1; 7: co-inoculation R. tropici + A. brasilense 5.2 × 104 cells seed-1; 8: co-inoculation R. tropici + A. brasilense 2.5 × 105 cells seed-1; 9: co-inoculation R. tropici + A. brasilense 5.0 × 105 cells seed-1], combined with the application or not of 20 kg ha-1 of N at sowing furrow. Under greenhouse conditions, the N supply at sowing or topdressing reduced the number and dry matter of nodules and increased N concentration and accumulation in the common bean shoot. Nitrogen application... / Mestre

Orientador: Ciro Antonio Rosolem / Banca: Luis Ignacio Prochnow / Banca: José Antonio Quaggio / Banca: Heitor Cantarella / Banca: Eduardo Mariano / Resumo: Forrageiras do gênero Urochloa podem alterar a dinâmica do N no solo, afetando processos microbiológicos do ciclo do N, sua disponibilidade no solo e perdas no sistema. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do cultivo de Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa brizantha e Panicum maximum na dinâmica do N no solo, ou seja, potencial de nitrificação, atividade de microrganismos amonificantes, nitrificantes e fixadores de N, bem como possíveis rotas de saída de N do sistema por lixiviação de N-NO3-, emissão de N-N2O e volatilização N-NH3 e o seu efeito no milho cultivado em sucessão, bem como na recuperação do N-fertilizante pela cultura. Foi conduzido um experimento em um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura argilosa. Foram utilizadas as forrageiras U. ruziziensis cv. Comum, U. brizantha cv. Marandú, e P. maximum cv. Tanzânia. Na cultura do milho foram aplicadas as doses de 0, 70, 140 e 210 kg N ha-1, sendo a dose de 140 kg N ha-1 enriquecida com 15N. As gramíneas forrageiras permaneceram na área por 11 meses (outubro/2014 a setembro/2015) quando foram dessecadas e o milho foi semeado em semeadura direta. O processo de amonifição não é diminuído no solo cultivado com U. ruziziensis, mas o milho cultivado após esta espécie produz menos em relação a U. brizantha e P. maximum. Em sistemas de produção de alta resposta a N, o cultivo de U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha e P. maximum, mesmo com a adição de até 210 kg ha-1 de N, não diferem em potencial de provocar perdas de N por lixi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Forages of the Urochloa genus can change the soil N dynamics, affecting microbiological processes of the N cycle, their availability in the soil and losses in the system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the cultivation of Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa brizantha and Panicum maximum on N soil dynamics, that is, nitrification potential, activity of ammonificant, nitrifying and N fixers microrganisms, as well as possible loses routes by N-NO3 - leaching, N-NH3 volatilization and N-N2O emission and its effect on corn grown in succession, as well as N-fertilizer recovery by the crop. An experiment was carried on a clayey Typic Rhodustult in a fatorial design 3x4 in randomized blocks with three forages species and four N doses in four replications. Were used the forage species U. ruziziensis cv. Common, U. brizantha cv. Marandú, and P. maximum cv. Tanzânia. In the corn crop, the doses of 0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N ha-1 were applied, and the dose of 140 kg N ha1was enriched with 15N. Forage grasses remained in the area for 11 months (October/2014 to September/2015) when they were desiccated and corn was sown in no-tillage. The ammonification process isn't decreased in soil cultivated with U. ruziziensis, but corn yield, after this species, is lower than after U. brizantha and P. maximum. In high-N response systems, the cultivation of U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha and P. maximum, even with 210 kg ha-1 of N, don't differ in potential to cause N lossesby N-NO3 - leaching, N-NH3 volatilization and N-N2O emission. The N-fertilizer recovery applied on corn was only 35%, indicating that 65% of the N used by corn cames from soil N and thus having high dependence on the dynamics of forage grasses on the availability of N in integrated production systems. Evidence that BNF is occurring in production systems with U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha and P. maximum, increasing the ... / Doutor