Plasma electrolytic oxidation, or PEO, is a surface modification process for the production of ceramic oxide coatings upon substrates of metals such as aluminium, magnesium and titanium. Two methodologies for the quantitative study of electrical breakdown (discharge) events observed during plasma electrolytic oxidation processes were developed and are described in this work. One method presented involves direct measurement of electrical breakdowns during production of an oxide coating within an industrial scale PEO processing arrangement. The second methodology involves the generation and measurement of electrical breakdown events through coatings pre-deposited using full scale PEO processing equipment. The power supply used in the second technique is generally of much lower power output than the system used to initially generate the sample coatings. The application of these techniques was demonstrated with regard to PEO coating generation on aluminium substrates. Measurements of the probability distributions of discharge event characteristics are presented for the discharge initiation voltage; discharge peak current; event total duration; peak instantaneous power; charge transferred by the event and the energy dissipated by the discharge. Discharge events are shown to increase in scale with the voltage applied during the breakdown, and correlations between discharge characteristics such as peak discharge current and event duration are also detailed. Evidence was obtained which indicated a probabilistic dependence of the voltage required to initiate discharge events. Through the scaling behaviour observed for the discharge events, correspondence between the two measurement techniques is demonstrated. The complementary nature of the datasets obtainable from different techniques for measurement of PEO discharge event electrical characteristics is discussed with regards to the effects of interactions between concurrently active discharge events during large scale PEO processing.

Nanoindentation has emerged as a leading technique for the investigation of mechanical properties on small volumes of material. Extensive progress has been made in the last 20 years in refining the nstrumentation of nanoindentation systems and in analysis of the resulting data. Recent development has enabled investigation of materials under several dynamic conditions. The palladium-hydrogen system has a large miscibility gap, where the palladium lattice rapidly expands to form a hydrogen-rich β phase upon hydrogenation. Nanoindentation was used to investigate the mechanical effects of these transformations on foils of palladium. Study of palladium foils, which had been cycled through hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, allowed the extent of the transformed region to be determined. Unstable palladium foils, which had been hydrogenated and were subject to dynamic hydrogen loss, displayed significant hardening in the regions which were not expected to have transformed. The reason for this remains unclear. Impact indentation, where the indenter encounters the sample at relatively high speeds, can be used to probe the strain rate dependence of materials. By combining impact indentation and elevated temperature indentation, the strain rate dependence of the superelasticity of nickel-titanium was probed over a range of temperatures. Similar trends in elastic energy ratios with temperature were observed with the largest elastic proportions occurring at the Austenite finish transformation temperature. Multiple impact and scratch indentation are two modes of indentation which are thought to approximate erosive and abrasive wear mechanisms, respectively. These were utilised to investigate the wear resistance of several novel coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of Ti-6Al4-V. Multiple impact indentation results appear to subjectively rank the erosive wear performance of both ductile and brittle materials. Comparison of normalised performance of coating systems on aluminium in abrasive wear to scratch hardness showed similar degrees of resistance.

This work presents information obtained from high-speed video and electrical monitoring of electrical breakdown (discharge) events during plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminium alloy substrates. Discharges were found to occur in extended sequences termed "cascades" at particular locations. This was a feature common to all the substrates and processing frequencies investigated. As the coating thickness increases, the characteristics remained broadly similar, although discharges become more energetic and longer-lived. Short PEO treatments were applied to existing PEO coatings in order to investigate the microstructural effects of discharge cascades. It was found that cascades persist at particular locations due to the residual deep pore channel left by previous discharges in the cascade. Observations were made of the way the coating was restructured around a cascade location. Samples were illuminated with very high intensity flashes during PEO processing, revealing that relatively large (1 mm diameter) bubbles form where a discharge emerges from the surface of a coating. Analysis of the overall energy consumption, as well as the energetic processes occurring within an individual discharge, indicate that the bubble growth occurs due to rapid volatilisation of water originating from the electrolyte. It is postulated that the growth of this bubble causes the electrical resistance to rise and is responsible for the termination of the discharge current. Investigations of high frequency (2,500 Hz) processing lead to the discovery of discharges occurring during the cathodic half-cycle, after a certain coating thickness had been achieved. Cathodic discharges were more energetic than anodic discharges, and created large craters in the coatings. Gas evolution was found to exceed the electrochemical Faraday yield, and was similar at low and high frequency initially. Once cathodic discharges began, the gas evolution rate increased and the coating mass gain levelled off.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 antonio_ca_me_bauru.pdf: 1720399 bytes, checksum: 396bef6efc3f71eb7d1f9f3cad7c2279 (MD5) / Apesar da excelente relação resitência/peso das ligas de alumínio, a aplicação tecnológica destas ligas é limitada pela baixa resistência ao desgaste. Neste trabalho, amostras de uma liga de alumínio (AA 5052) foram tratadas pelo processo de oxidação por plasma eletrolítico, com tempo de exposição variando de 150 a 900 s. A composição e a estrutura química dos revestimentos assim produzidos foram analisadas por espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho. Um método baseado na medida de correntes parasitas e a perfilometria foram usados, respectivamente, na determinação da espessura e da rugosidade das camadas depositadas. O revestimento formado porssui espessura de até 9,2um. Análises da morfologia dos revestimentos foram feitas com microscopia eletrônica de varredura enquanto a resistência a desgastte das superfícies foi avaliada com um sistema pino-sobre-disco. Os resultados revelaram a deposição de um revestimento cerâmico, que conferiu expressivo aumento à resistência a desgaste da liga, o qual mostrou que as amostras tratadas suportaram uma carga aplicada de 13,44 vezes em comparação com amostras sem tratamento / Despiste the excellent strengh/weight ratio, technological applications of aluminum aloys are limited by their low wear resistance. In this work, samples of AA 5052 aluminum alloy have been modified by plasma electrolytic oxidation, with exposure time ranging from 150 s to 900 soconds. Compositional characterization has been performed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Eddy current and profilometry have been used, respectively, to evaluate thickness and roughness of the deposited layers. The coating formed has a thickness of up to 9,2 micrometers. Morphological investigations have been performed with scanning electron microscopy while wear resitance has been assessed using a pin-on-disk devide. The results have revealed the deposition of ceramic layers with significant enhancement of wear resistance, which showed that the treated samples resistance, which showed that the treated samples resist an applied load 13.44 times more compared with untreated samples

Submitted by ROSANA FERNANDES ANTONIO null (rosanafernandes@terra.com.br) on 2016-05-31T17:28:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-revisão final completa.pdf: 3847881 bytes, checksum: e10b8224324efd0b693acb74474081b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-01T13:12:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antonio_rf_dr_bauru.pdf: 3847881 bytes, checksum: e10b8224324efd0b693acb74474081b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T13:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antonio_rf_dr_bauru.pdf: 3847881 bytes, checksum: e10b8224324efd0b693acb74474081b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / O tântalo vem se destacando entre os biomateriais metálicos devido a propriedades como baixa reatividade química, ótima duc¬tibilidade, elevada resistência à corrosão e ótima bioatividade. Neste trabalho foi utilizada a técnica de oxidação eletrolítica assistida por plasma (PEO- do ingês, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) em substrato de tântalo, utilizando-se como eletrólito uma solução de acetato de cálcio e glicerofosfato dissódio, com a finalidade de se crescer um revestimento de hidroxiapatita sobre a superfície metálica. No processo PEO empregou-se pulsos de tensão contínua com frequência de 100 Hz e foram avaliados os efeitos da variação da diferença de potencial aplicada entre os eletrodos, que foi variada de 350 a 500 V, e do tempo de tratamento, que variou de 60 a 600 s. Para análises da composição química e estrutural dos revestimentos foram utilizadas espectroscopias de reflexão/absorção no infravermelho (IRRAS) e de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDS) e difração de raios X (XRD), enquanto que a morfologia da superfície foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Empregando-se a técnica de perfilometria determinou-se a rugosidade das superfícies tratadas. A bioatividade dos revestimentos foi avaliada a partir de ensaios de adesão e crescimento de células osteoblásticas. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com amostras tratadas em 500V com um tempo mínimo de 300 s. Nestas condições foi possível a formação de um revestimento de hidroxiapatita cristalina, confirmada por XRD. Os espectros obtidos com IRRAS também confirmaram a presença de espécies químicas responsáveis pela formação de hidroxiapatita como fosfatos (PO43-), hidroxilas (OH-) e carbonatos (CO3-2). As amostras tratadas apresentaram bioatividade e viabilidade celular maiores que as observadas com o tântalo como recebido, devido às estruturas cristalinas de hidroxiapatita juntamente com a elevada rugosidade superficial obtida com o tratamento. A energia térmica gerada nas amostras durante o tratamento foi um fator determinante para se explicar a formação da hidroxiapatita. / Tantalum is becoming increasingly important amongst metallic biomaterials due to its special properties such as low reactivity, excellent ductility, high resistance to corrosion as well as high bioactivities. In this work Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation technique PEO, was employed on Tantalum substrate using a calcium acetate and glycerophosphate sodium with the goal of generating a coating of hydroxyapatite on the metallic surface. In this PEO process, DC pulses of 100 Hz were used. The differential of potential between the electrodes in the range of 350 V to 500 V were applied that lasted from 60s to 600s and their *effects were evaluated. For chemical composition and structural analysis of coating, Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRRAS) were employed together with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and diffraction of X-ray (XRD). The morphology of the surface was evaluated with Electronic Scanning Microscopy. With profilometry techniques the roughness of the treated surface was determined. The bioactivity of the coating was assessed by testing the adhesion and development of osteoblastic cells. The best results were obtained with samples undergoing a tension of 500 V lasting for a minimum of 300 s. Under these conditions it was possible to form hydroxyapatite crystal that was confirmed by DRX. The spectra obtained with IRRAS also confirmed the presence of chemical species responsible for the formation of hydroxyapatite such as phosphate groups (PO43-), hydroxyls (OH-) and carbonates (CO32-). The treated samples show greater cellular bioactivity and viability than those observed in raw tantalum due to the crystal structure of hydroxyapatite together with high surface roughness obtained as a result of the treatment. The thermal energy generated in samples during the treatment was a determining factor for explaining the formation of hydroxyapatite.

Submitted by Carime dos Santos Souza null (carime@grad.sorocaba.unesp.br) on 2016-09-01T21:03:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carime dos Santos Souza.pdf: 4545121 bytes, checksum: ba8bb6b62f91647bb17086513ef15327 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-05T17:33:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cs_me_bauru.pdf: 4545121 bytes, checksum: ba8bb6b62f91647bb17086513ef15327 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T17:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_cs_me_bauru.pdf: 4545121 bytes, checksum: ba8bb6b62f91647bb17086513ef15327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) / A fundição é o processo de produção de peças metálicas que consiste em despejar metal líquido em um molde com formato e medidas correspondentes aos da peça a ser fabricada. Durante a confecção dos moldes de areia é gerado pó de exaustão como resíduo desse processo. O descarte desse resíduo traz diversos danos ambientais e visando a utilização do resíduo, este trabalho propõe o seu uso para a produção de revestimentos, como filme de proteção em uma superfície de liga de alumínio, através da técnica de oxidação eletrolítica assistida por plasma (do inglês: Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)). O PEO é um processo em que o plasma atmosférico e a eletrólise convencional são combinados para a alteração de superfícies metálicas em óxidos cerâmicos. Neste trabalho, foram obtidos recobrimentos em ligas de alumínio 5052, através da oxidação em plasma eletrolítico, utilizando solução eletrolítica preparada com pó de exaustão e água destilada nas concentrações de 5 g/L e 10 g/L. O plasma eletrolítico foi obtido aplicando-se uma diferença de potencial de 650 V, frequência de 200 Hz e utilizando tempo de deposição de 300 s, 600 s e 900 s. Foi feita a caracterização do resíduo pó de exaustão por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS), Difração de Raios X (DRX) e Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (FTIR). Os revestimentos foram analisados por MEV/EDS, DRX, FTIR, ângulo de contato e energia de superfície, rugosidade, espessura e ensaio de desgaste por pino-sobre-disco. O pó de exaustão de areia de fundição apresentou ser composto por O, Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, Na, K, Ca, nas fases quartzo (SiO2), hematita (Fe2O3), óxido de potássio (K2O), óxido de alumínio (Al2O3), óxido de sódio (Na2O2) e periclase (MgO). Os revestimentos apresentaram C, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Fe, K, Zn, Ti, Na, Mn. Ao final das 20 semanas, foi constatado que os revestimentos se apresentaram hidrofílicos, com o ângulo de contato entre 70º a 90º. Os revestimentos tiveram maior rugosidade que o alumínio. O aumento da concentração acarretou na diminuição da rugosidade para as deposições. A concentração e o tempo influenciaram positivamente no aumento da espessura dos revestimentos. Independente da concentração da solução eletrolítica, a taxa de deposição diminui com o aumento do tempo de deposição. O ensaio de pino sobre disco mostrou que a placa de alumínio sem tratamento perde muita massa em relação ao pino que é de aço. Os revestimentos obtidos têm ganho de massa indicando serem abrasivos, retirando massa do pino. / Casting is the production process for metal parts that consists in pouring molten metal in a mold with corresponding shape and measurement of the part to be manufactured. During the manufacturing of sand molds exhaustion powder is generated as this process residue. The disposal of this waste causes lots of environmental damage . This work aims to propose the usage of this waste in the production of coating, as a protective film on an aluminum alloy surface through the use of electrolytic oxidation technique assisted by plasma (the English: Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)). The PEO is a process in which the atmospheric plasma and conventional electrolysis are combined for the modification of metal surfaces on ceramic oxides. In this work, coatings in 5052 aluminum alloys were obtained through electrolytic oxidation in plasma using the electrolytic solution prepared with fume powder and distilled water at concentrations of 5 g / L and 10 g / L. The electrolytic plasma was obtained by applying a potential difference of 650 V, frequency 200 Hz and using a deposition time of 300 s, 600 s and 900 s. The characterization of the exhaustion dust residue was carried out through Scanning Electron Microscopy (MEV), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (DRX) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The coatings were analyzed by MEV / EDS, DRX, FTIR, contact angle and surface energy, roughness, thickness and wear test in pin-on-disc. The exhaust powder from sand casting was composed of O, Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, Na, K, Ca in the quartz layers (SiO2), hematite (Fe2O3), potassium oxide (K2O) oxide aluminum oxide (Al2O3), sodium oxide (Na2O2) and periclase (MgO). The coatings showed C, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Fe, K, Zn, Ti, In, Mn. After of 20 weeks, it was verified that the coatings presented hydrophilic, with contact angle between 70º to 90º. The coatings surface presented higher roughness than aluminum. The increase in the concentration resulted in a decrease in the roughness for deposition. The concentration and the time had affected positively the increase in thickness of the coatings. Regardless the concentration of the electrolyte solution, the deposition rate decreases with the increase of deposition time. The pin on disk test showed that the untreated aluminum plate loses much mass in relation to the steel pin. The coatings obtained have weight gain which indicates that they are abrasive and able to remove the mass of the pin.

Plasma electrolytic Polishing (PeP) is a non-conventional technology for the surface treatment of electrically conductive materials. It is an effective machining technique for cleaning and polishing of metals and considered as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the electropolishing process. The electropolishing process uses aggressive media such as acids, whereas in PeP, acids or toxicants are replaced by low concentrated water solutions of various salts. In PeP, high DC voltage is applied to the electrodes in the aqueous electrolyte solution, which establishes a thin steam-gas layer around the surface of the work piece resulting in the generation of plasma. From the previous research, it is found that the formation of stable plasma generally takes place between 180-370 volts, where it results in better surface conditions. The aim of this study is to analyse the behaviour of current according to different voltages and their effects on surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) of stainless steel in Plasma electrolytic Polishing process.

Orientador: Nilson Cristino da Cruz / Resumo: O alumínio é um dos materiais mais utilizados em vários setores da indústria. Devido ao baixo custo, se comparado ao cobre, e considerando sua abundância de oferta, o interesse nas propriedades térmicas do alumínio tem aumentado. Neste contexto, a proposta desta pesquisa é avaliar as propriedades térmicas de amostras de alumínio tratadas por oxidação eletrolítica plasmática (PEO), em eletrólitos de silicato de sódio, utilizando espectroscopia fotoacústica. A rugosidade, morfologia e a composição química dos revestimentos foram analisados, respectivamente, por perfilometria, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS). A porosidade da camada superficial do revestimento foi estimada pelo software de processamento de imagem digital, utilizando imagens da análise de MEV, enquanto difração de Raios X (DRX) foi utilizada para determinar a estrutura cristalina das superfícies tratadas. Os resultados das análises demonstraram que os revestimentos, predominantemente constituídos por γ-Al2O3, são rugosos, com superfícies porosas e apresentam boa resistência mecânica. A espectroscopia de absorção de UV-VIS demonstrou que a amostra tratada absorveu em média 18% mais radiação na região infravermelha quando comparada com amostras sem tratamento. Em consequência, como revelado pela espectroscopia fotoacústica a difusividade térmica das amostras tratadas é pelo menos 30% maior se comparada ao alumínio não tratado e 700% maior do que a alumina conven... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Aluminum is one of the most widely used materials in several areas of the industry. Owing to lower cost, if compared to copper, and considering its abundance, the interest on the thermal properties of aluminum has increased. In this context, the proposal of this research is to evaluate the thermal properties of aluminum samples treated by Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), in sodium silicate electrolytes, using photoacoustic spectroscopy. Roughness, morphology and chemical composition of the coatings have been analyzed, respectively, by profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The porosity of the surface layer was estimated by digital image processing using SEM micrographs while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for determining the crystalline structure of the treated surfaces. The results of the analyses have shown that the coatings, predominantly constituted by γ-Al2O3, are rough, with porous surfaces and present good mechanical resistance. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy has shown that the treated sample absorbed on average 18% more radiation in the infrared region than the pristine samples. In consequence, as revealed by photoacoustic spectroscopy the thermal diffusivity of the treated samples is at least 30% larger if compared to untreated aluminum and 700% larger than that of conventional Alumina / Mestre

Submitted by Fabiola Bergamasco da Silva Marcondes Palinkás null (engcivil.fabiola@gmail.com) on 2018-01-20T21:57:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação FBSMPalinkas.pdf: 30628776 bytes, checksum: f8c1b28a4b9b016f0c23a2941f0d7dbd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-01-22T16:03:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 palinkas_fbsm_me_bauru.pdf: 30566486 bytes, checksum: eabbf58b1b806dc2e9b0115168ca2889 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T16:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 palinkas_fbsm_me_bauru.pdf: 30566486 bytes, checksum: eabbf58b1b806dc2e9b0115168ca2889 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-19 / O caulim é um mineral largamente explorado no mercado nacional e internacional para diversos fins industriais em especial para clareamento e carga de papel. O processo de beneficiamento do caulim gera 500 mil toneladas de resíduos anuais. O resíduo normalmente é disposto em pilhas à céu aberto podendo acarretar danos ambientais como a contaminação da água e do solo, além de mudança da paisagem natural. Sendo esse resíduo rico em silício e visando sua valorização, este trabalho propõe seu uso na produção de camada protetora em liga de alumínio pela técnica de oxidação eletrolítica assistida por plasma (do inglês: PEO - Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) e avaliação das características dos revestimentos obtidos. Neste trabalho foram produzidos e caracterizados revestimentos obtidos em substratos de liga de alumínio 5052 pela técnica de PEO usando solução eletrolítica nas concentrações de 5 e 10 g/L de resíduo de caulim. Uma fonte forneceu a tensão de 650V e as deposições foram feitas em 3 diferentes tempos: 300, 600 e 900s para cada concentração. Foram feitas análises de caracterização do resíduo de caulim, do substrato de liga de alumínio e dos revestimentos produzidos utilizando: Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectrometria de Energia Dispersiva (EDS), Difração de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (FTIR), Perfilometria e Molhabilidade. Também foi feita uma avaliação do desgaste mecânico dos revestimentos através do teste de pino sobre disco. O tratamento em substrato de alumínio por PEO utilizando solução eletrolítica de caulim produz um revestimento rugoso, hidrofóbico para a concentração de 5 g/L e hidrofílico para a concentração de 10 g/L, cuja morfologia se caracteriza por apresentar poros e regiões de coalescência. A composição química elementar desses revestimentos apresenta Al, Si, O e Mg, elementos presentes na liga de alumínio e na solução eletrolítica. Esses revestimentos são compostos por material cerâmico e apresentam estrutura cristalina correspondente a alumina. Para a concentração de 5 g/L de resíduo de caulim e tempo de deposição de 900 s também se forma estrutura cristalina correspondente a mulita, enquanto que para a concentração de 10 g/L resíduo de caulim e tempo de deposição de 600 s e 900 s se forma estrutura cristalina correspondente a antigorita e hidróxido de alumínio-magnésio hidratado. Os revestimentos caracterizam-se por boa estabilidade química, alta refratariedade, capacidade de suportar altas temperaturas e maior resistência ao desgaste mecânico, possibilitando o seu uso no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de materiais. / Kaolin is a mineral widely exploited in the national and international market for various industrial purposes especially for bleaching and paper loading. The kaolin processing process generates 500 thousand tons of annual waste. Waste is usually disposed of in open piles and can cause environmental damage such as water and soil contamination, as well as changes in the natural landscape. This work proposes its use in the production of protective layer in aluminum alloy by the technique of electrolytic oxidation assisted by plasma (known as PEO of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) and evaluation of the characteristics of the coatings obtained. In this work, coatings obtained on 5052 aluminum alloy substrates were produced and characterized by PEO using electrolytic solution at concentrations of 5 and 10 g / L of kaolin residue. One source provided the voltage of 650V and the depositions were made in 3 different times: 300, 600 and 900s for each concentration. The analysis of the kaolin residue, the aluminum alloy substrate and the coatings produced using: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dispersive Energy Spectrometry (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR), Profilometry and Wettability. An evaluation of the mechanical wear of the coatings was also made through the Pin to Disk Test. The treatment in aluminum substrate by PEO using electrolytic kaolin solution produces a rough, hydrophobic coating at the concentration of 5 g / L and hydrophilic at the concentration of 10 g / L, whose morphology is characterized by presenting pores and regions of coalescence. The elemental chemical composition of these coatings shows Al, Si, O and Mg, elements present in the aluminum alloy and in the electrolytic solution. This coating is composed of ceramic material and has crystalline structure corresponding to alumina. For the concentration of 5 g / l of kaolin residue and time of deposition of 900 s also forms a crystalline structure corresponding to mullite, whereas for the concentration of 10 g / L kaolin residue and deposition time of 600 if 900 s crystalline structure corresponding to antigorite and hydrated magnesium aluminum hydroxide is formed. The coating are characterized by good chemical stability, high refractoriness, ability to withstand high temperatures and greater resistance to mechanical wear, allowing their use in the development of new materials technologies.

Plasma electrolytic Polishing (PeP) is a non-conventional technology for the surface treatment of electrically conductive materials. It is an effective machining technique for cleaning and polishing of metals and considered as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the electropolishing process. The electropolishing process uses aggressive media such as acids, whereas in PeP, acids or toxicants are replaced by low concentrated water solutions of various salts. In PeP, high DC voltage is applied to the electrodes in the aqueous electrolyte solution, which establishes a thin steam-gas layer around the surface of the work piece resulting in the generation of plasma. From the previous research, it is found that the formation of stable plasma generally takes place between 180-370 volts, where it results in better surface conditions. The aim of this study is to analyse the behaviour of current according to different voltages and their effects on surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) of stainless steel in Plasma electrolytic Polishing process.