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L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est l'exploitation des oscillations de plasma bidimensionnelles dans les transistors à haute mobilité électronique à base d'InGaAs, matériaux de grand intérêt pour les applications Terahertz grâce à sa haute mobilité électronique. Ce travail s'insère dans le contexte d'études récentes dans lesquelles l'utilisation de dis- positifs basés sur l'excitation d'ondes de plasma bidimensionnelles a été proposée pour des applications Terahertz. Cette étude est menée au travers du développement d'un outil numérique de simulation basé sur le modèle hydrodynamique couplé avec l'équation de Poisson pseudo 2D. La réponse continue du courant à une excitation électrique de fréquence THz a été étudiée et l'influence sur les résonances de plasma des différents paramètres de transistor est mise en évidence. Une étude de la densité spectrale de la fluctuation du courant est alors présentée en vue d'établir une coordination entre le bruit dans les HEMT et la détection directe d'un signal électrique THz. La réponse de HEMT à différentes perturbation au niveau de drain et de la grille est enfin évaluée par le biais de la description du régime petit-signal, ce qui permettrait éventuellement une étude plus approfondie des ondes de plasma dans les transistors HEMT. / The objective of this work is the use of plasma oscillations mechanism in the electron mobility transistors channel that based of InGaAs, this materials characterize by it great interest for Terahertz thanks to its high electron mobility applications. This work registered in the context of recent studies in which the use of devices based on wave excitation of two-dimensional plasma has been proposed for Terahertz applications.This study is conducted through the development of a simulation tool based on the hydrodynamic model coupled with the Poisson equation 2D. the continued current response to THz electrical excitation has been studied and the influence of the different parameters of transistor on plasma resonances is demonstrated. A study of the spectral density of the current fluctuation is then presented, we demonstrate that the main resonances in the drain current noise spectrum are the same as those observed in the current response to an external THz excitation. The current response at different perturbation applied upon the drain and the gate of the HEMT is finally evaluated by means of the description of the small-signal equivalent circuit, which would possibly further studies of plasma oscillation in HEMT transistors.

This master’s thesis is focused on the LIBS technique for compositional differentiation and relative hardness quantification of selected geological samples. The experimental part of this thesis was conducted at the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES) in Cairo, Egypt where a simple LIBS system was constructed. In parallel to the experimental work, the literature review was surveyed with the aim to give a thorough view of the history, fundamentals and all the factors related to LIBS. LIBS is a developing analytical technique, which is used to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative elemental analysis of materials (solid, liquid and gas). The fast data collection and the lack of sample preparation made LIBS be an attractive technique to be used for geological samples. This study was done to improve analytical methods for geochemical analysis of samples during different exploration phases (Mining, filed analysis, etc.), as a real-time analysis method to save money and time spent in labs. For a generation of laser induced plasma, a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operated at 10 Hz and wavelength of 1064 nm was employed on the surface of the samples. A spectrometer fitted with an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) was used to disperse and detect the spectrum; then fed to a computer for recording and further processing of the data. The sample set was compiled from samples collected from different areas (South Africa and Namibia). Using principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that LIBS was able to differentiate between the samples even those of the same area. The results from the LIBS technique were correlated with subsequent analysis of the same samples by Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The feasibility of relative hardness estimation using LIBS was done by measuring the plasma excitation temperature for different samples. LIBS with its advantages as an elemental analysis technique made it possible to estimate the hardness of geological samples. Based on theory and results, an analytical technique for compositional differentiation and quantification of relative hardness of geological samples is proposed. / National Research Foundation (South Africa) / Physics / M Sc. (Physics)