Student Number : 9812661N - MA dissertation - School of Art - Faculty of Humanities / This research focuses on change and the effects of economic development on the design and production of the traditional grass mat made by women in Swaziland. The visual quality of the traditional Swazi grass mat has transformed. The mat making technique remains unchanged, as does the main raw material in the construction of the mat, but now the traditional grass is accompanied by an artificial element: sweet wrappers, creating shimmering new designs. The technology of making grass mats has been revolutionised with the introduction of the Imbongolo mat-making frame. These changes represent an example of a dynamic art form in the context of the deep-rooted tradition of Swazi material culture. Through interviews with a number of mat-makers and a comprehensive collection of mat samples gathered over an extended period these modifications have been recorded and evaluated in terms of the producers’ response to economic constraints, and the availability of new plastic materials.

El presente trabajo se enfoca en el desarrollo de un shampoo solido con ingredientes naturales, libre de insumos sintéticos y envase plástico. El principal problema encontrado es la ausencia de un shampoo natural que satisfaga las necesidades y brinde los beneficios requeridos por los consumidores peruanos, como problema secundario tenemos la contaminación ambiental producida por los plásticos de un solo uso. La actual oferta que se encuentra en el mercado se basa en shampoos comerciales elaborados con ingredientes sintéticos que aparentan brindar beneficios a los consumidores pero que a largo plazo lo que hacen es maltratar el cabello y cuero cabelludo. Todos los shampoos del mercado vienen contenidos en envases plásticos que, en su mayoría, al ser desechados. terminan en los mares y aportan a la contaminación ambiental. Por lo que se propuso como solución elaborar un shampoo que no presente envase de plástico y a su vez sea elaborado con ingredientes naturales tales como tensioactivos, aceites vegetales y aceites esenciales, los cuales aportaran sus propiedades naturales y brindaran los beneficios y resultados que los consumidores desean de manera eficiente y eficaz. En reemplazo del envase plástico se usarán cajas biodegradables, para ello el shampoo tendrá una apariencia sólida y no liquida. La marca se enfoca principalmente en comunicar a los consumidores los beneficios que brindan para el cabello y cuero cabelludo al tratarse de un producto elaborado con ingredientes naturales. / The present work focuses on the development of a solid shampoo with natural ingredients, free of synthetic inputs and plastic containers. The main problem encountered is the absence of a natural shampoo that meets the needs and provides the benefits required by Peruvian consumers, as a secondary problem we have the environmental pollution caused by single-use plastics. The current offer on the market is based on commercial shampoos made with synthetic ingredients that seem to provide benefits to consumers, but in the long term what they do is mistreat the hair and scalp. All shampoos on the market are contained in plastic containers that, for the most part, when discarded. They end up in the seas and contribute to environmental pollution. Therefore, it was proposed as a solution to develop a shampoo that does not have a plastic container and, in turn, is made with natural ingredients such as surfactants, vegetable oils and essential oils, which will provide their natural properties and provide the benefits and results that consumers want efficiently and effectively. In replacement of the plastic container biodegradable boxes will be used, for this the shampoo will have a solid and not liquid appearance. The brand mainly focuses on communicating to consumers the benefits they provide for hair and scalp, as it is a product made with natural ingredients. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

This thesis presents a series of integrated computation-orientated methods using mathematical programming (MP) approaches to carry out, in the presence of simultaneous material and geometric nonlinearities, the realistic analysis of skeletal structures that exhibit softening and limited ductility. In particular, four approaches are developed. First, the entire structural behavior is traced by using the nonholo-nomic (path-dependent) elastoplastic analysis. Second, the stepwise holonomic anal-ysis approximates the actual nonholonomic behavior by using a series of holonomic counterparts. Third, the more tractable holonomic (path-independent) analysis is implemented to approximate the overall nonholonomic response. Finally, classical limit analysis is extended to cater for this class structures; the aim is to compute in a single step ultimate load and corresponding deformations, simultaneously. The nonholonomic, stepwise holonomic and holonomic state formulations are developed as special instances of the well-known MP problem known as a mixed complementarity problem (MCP). Geometric nonlinearity is tackled via two alternative approaches, namely one that can cater for arbitrarily large deformations and the second for 2nd-order geometry effects only. The effects of combined bending and axial forces are included through a (hexagonal) piecewise linear yield locus that can accommodate either perfect plasticity or isotropic softening or hardening. The extended limit analysis problem is formulated as an instance of the challenging class of so-called mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs). Two classes of solution approaches, namely nonlinear programming (NLP) based approaches and an equation based smoothing approach, are proposed to solve the MPEC. A number of numerical examples are provided to validate the robustness and efficiency of all proposed methods, and to illustrate some key mechanical features expected of realistic frames that exhibit local softening behavior.

Graduation date: 1999

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-93). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

The aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate a new way of monitoring blood flow with microdialysis. A thin catheter consisting of a semipermeable membrane is implanted in the tissue being studied. The catheter is perfused by a solution that closely resembles interstitial fluid, and small water-soluble substances are allowed to diffuse passively through the pores of the membrane with the aim at reaching equilibrium with the surrounding tissue.  The minimally invasive character of microdialysis, and its ability to sample from the organ being studied, make microdialysis attractive in most research settings as well as for clinical surveillance. It has, however, become increasingly evident that microdialysis under conditions of non-equilibrium - for example, fluctuating regional blood flow, will alter the results gained. We have therefore aimed to explore the possibilities of developing a new marker of blood flow that will yield information about changes in blood flow that occur in the area of the microdialysis catheter itself. We hypothesised that the changes in the diffusion of exogenous urea could be used as markers of changes in tissue blood flow. The theoretical basis for this approach is that the mass transfer of urea will increase across the dialysis membrane secondary to increased blood flow. As removal of urea from the vicinity of the dialysis membrane increases with increased blood flow, the concentration gradient of urea between the perfusate and tissue will also increase. This in turn will result in a greater loss of urea from the perfusate. The changes noted in retrieval of urea from dialysate by the system are therefore thought to be inversely related to changes in blood flow. We tested our hypothesis in two species of animal (rat and pig) and in man, and in three organ systems (muscle, liver, and skin), and present four papers that indicate that the urea clearance technique provides reliable and reproducible results. The technique was evaluated against conventional metabolic markers (lactate and glucose), the ethanol clearance technique (microdialysis), laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI), and polarisation light spectroscopy (TiVi). We present evidence that the urea clearance technique can be used to assess blood flow in the organs studied reliably and reproducibly with microdialysis. The microdialysis technique is minimally invasive and safe for the recipient, and catheters can easily be implanted during operation to monitor organs at risk. Urea is easily analysed as a standard assay among other “basic” metabolic markers (in a standard microdialysis kit) and has favourable characteristics with a standardised measurement system that is routinely used for monitoring metabolites in the clinic. The technique is also effective when used at lower perfusate flow rates (<1 μl/minute), which is advantageous as the recovery of metabolic markers increases at low perfusate flow rates.

The plastic deformation of stent during the implantation process, with considering the effect of artery and plaque, was investigated in this thesis. The stress-stretch relationships of porcine coronary arteries and aortas were obtained by the tensile test. The nonlinear ABAQUS finite element software was used in the analysis. The nonlinear-elastic, plastic and linear elastic material models for artery-plaque, stent and balloon were employed respectively. In this thesis, the initial folded balloon model was proposed to simulate the whole inflation and deflation process of balloon deformation. To investigate the effect of artery with plaque on the deformation of stent, the FEM model with considering the artery and plaque was proposed to simulate the expansion process of stents. The plaque¡¦s destruction during the expansion of stent was studied. The effects of plaque¡¦s thickness and the artery models on the expansion of stent were investigated. The effects of geometrical parameters and the influences on the deformation and the stress distribution of Palmaz type stent were discussed. The expansion ability and foreshortening of Chen and Tsai¡¦s stent were also assessed in this work. The results indicate that the limited expansion ability make Chen and Tsai¡¦s stent be not suitable for using as coronary stent. It might be used as the stent of carotid artery if its expansion ability improved by properly designing stent¡¦s diameter and geometry shape. The results reveal the foreshortening of Chen and Tsai¡¦s stent does not approach to zero as mentioned by Chen. A Chen modified and Tsai¡¦s stent was also proposed in this study. The simulation results show that the foreshortening in the Chen modified type is improved.

Abstract The Nylon and liquid crystal polymer(LCP) filled with conductive carbon fiber applied to 155Mbps and 1.25Gbps transceiver modules for electromagnetic(EM) shielding were studied. The measured results showed that the shielding effectiveness(SE) of 155Mbps and 1.25Gbps transceiver module were 13dB and 20dB to conform to FCC class B standard, respectively. This indicates that the plastic housing filled with conductive carbon fiber is suitable for EM shielding in plastic laser transceiver module applications.

In recent years the economical booming change was fast, last year at the beginning of the whole world was also in the currency expansion concealed worry, in the second half of the year transformed the global deflation rapidly, the original material price fell over 70% by the peak, the domestic electronic spare-time university had the unpaid holiday, the unemployment rate surges upward. But the government will expand the domestic demand continually, the steel and iron price stops by most recent several year high spot rapid reverse to the near future falls returns to stability, lets building industry have the superiority in the cost. Generally in the tradition the fire water pipe road mostly uses the galvanization steel pipe, the price fluctuations and in the construction process must use the welding or Che Ya greatly processes, also in the transporting is not convenient, meets great caliber Shi Zuoshi must rely the crane to assist to transport. In recent years American raw material business developed 'the fire protection rank chlorination polyvinyl-chloride (CPVC)' the product, utilized in the fire tubing domain, substituted for the steel pipe product gradually. This research namely aims at this product discussion domestic building industry to the CPVC product understanding degree and the purchase wish, and further provides for the CPVC product business agent takes the marketing reference the basis. The findings discovered that a domestic product was still strange regarding this, although the fire prevention Controlling organization has checked one of for fire aqueous system tubing materials, but city occupying rate and the steel pipe product comparison are not as before high.