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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Amarelo da ameixeira: Modelo de colonização do hospedeiro por um fitoplasma associado à doença / Plum yellow: colonization model of the host by a phytoplasma associated with this disease

Galvão, Sarah Rodrigues 18 January 2016 (has links)
A cultura da ameixeira vem despertando a atenção de produtores brasileiros, pois oferece alta rentabilidade, possibilita a prática da agricultura familiar, emprega mão de obra, recebe incentivos de programas oficiais e conta com um mercado altamente promissor. No entanto, a cultura ainda necessita de cultivares com melhor adaptação climática, qualidade de frutos e resistência às doenças. Atualmente, dentre as doenças, o \"amarelo das fruteiras de caroço\", associada a um fitoplasma, vem causando sérios problemas. Em 2013, em pomares comercias de ameixeira (Prunus salicina), instalados em Paranapanema (SP), foram observadas plantas portadoras de sintomas tipicamente induzidos por fitoplasmas, caracterizados por superbrotamento de ramos, redução no comprimento de entrenós, além de amarelecimento, deformação e redução do tamanho de folhas. Nestas plantas foi identificado um fitoplasma pertencente ao grupo 16SrI-B (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris). Visando aumentar os conhecimentos sobre este patossistema, o objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica da colonização de plantas comerciais de ameixa infectadas pelo fitoplasma. Para isso, em dois pomares, amostras da parte aérea e raiz de plantas sintomáticas, pertencentes às variedades Gulfblaze e Azteca, foram coletadas mensalmente, durante um ano. O DNA total foi extraído e submetido ao PCR em tempo real para quantificar o fitoplasma nos tecidos do hospedeiro. Nessas reações foram utilizados os iniciadores universais UniRNAForward/UniRNAReverse. O fitoplasma foi detectado em todas as amostras, tanto aquelas da parte aérea quanto de raízes, em ambas as variedades estudadas. A concentração do patógeno nos tecidos do hospedeiro variou de 5,3 x 103 a 4,54 x 106 e 3,28 x 103 a 1,28 x 106 número de cópias/100ng de DNA total, na parte aérea e nas raízes, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram uma flutuação sazonal na concentração do fitoplasma, onde as maiores concentrações foram encontradas nas épocas mais quentes do ano, principalmente no mês de dezembro, e uma redução na concentração do patógeno foi observada nas épocas mais frias, embora o fitoplasma tenha permanecido na parte aérea da planta durante a fase de dormência do hospedeiro. A variedade Gulfblaze apresentou maior concentração do patógeno comparada com a variedade Azteca. O fitoplasma associado ao amarelo da ameixeira também foi encontrado em maior concentração na copa da planta. Com base nos resultados, amostras retiradas da parte aérea e nas épocas mais quentes do ano são as mais indicadas para os procedimentos de detecção do patógeno, visando uma diagnose mais confiável. / Plum is a crop that has aroused the attention of Brazilian growers due to high profitability, family farming, incentive arrangement and promising market. However the plum culture still need of varieties with good climate adaptation, best quality fruit, and disease resistance. Currently, among the diseases, stone fruit yellows, associated with a phytoplasma have caused serious problems. In 2013, in commercial orchards of plum (Prunus salicina) located in Paranapanema (SP), plants were observed exhibiting symptoms typically induced by phytoplasmas, characterized by witches broom and shortened internodes. Besides, the leaves were yellowish, malformed, and reduced in size. In these plants was identified a phytoplasma belonging to the group 16SrI-B (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris). The aim of the present work was to study the dynamics of colonization of commercial plants plum by the phytoplasma, in order to better understanding of the disease. Thus, in two orchards, samples from aerial parts and roots of symptomatic plants belonging to Gulfblaze and Azteca varieties were collected monthly, during a year. Total DNA was extracted and submitted to the Real Time PCR to quantify the phytoplasma in host tissues. In these reactions the universal primers UniRNAForward/UniRNAReverse were used. The phytoplasma was detected in all samples, both aerial parts and roots of the two varieties. The concentration of the pathogen in host tissues ranged from 5,3 x 103 to 4,54 x 106 and 3,28 x 103 to 1,28 x 106 number of copies/100 ng of total DNA in aerial parts and roots, respectively. The results showed a seasonal fluctuation in the concentration of phytoplasma. The highest concentrations were found in the warmer seasons of the year, especially in December, and a reduction in pathogen concentration was observed when the weather was milder, although the phytoplasma remained in aerial part of the plant during the dormant phase of the host. The Gulfblaze variety showed a higher concentration of the pathogen compared with the Azteca variety. In addition, the phytoplasma associated with the disease was found in highest concentration in the aerial part of plant. Based on the results, samples collected from the aerial part and in the warmer seasons of the year are the most recommended for pathogen detection procedures for safe diagnosis.
2

Jak reagují stromy na znečištěné ovzduší ve městě / How trees respond to air pollution in the city

TONCAROVÁ, Gabriela January 2016 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to determine the response of trees to air pollution in the city. For this purpose, APTI index (Air pollution tolerance index), the measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and the analysis of the content of photosynthetic pigments were used. The examined trees were Platanus acerifolia and Prunus subhirtella v. autumnalis rosea growing in Lannova třída in České Budějovice. For evaluation of APTI index, four parameters are required. These are the quantity of ascorbic acid and the photosynthetic pigments in the leaves, the relative water content in the leaves and the leaf extract pH. The samples of leaves were taken in August 2015. From Lannova třída, three trees of each species were chosen. This research has showed that in terms of evaluation APTI index of Platanus acerifolia is more tolerant and less sensitive to air pollution than Prunus subhirtella. The value of the APTI index at the Platanus acerifolia was 9,33, at the Prunus subhirtella APTI index was 7,84. During the evaluation of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, statistically significant differences between the trees were not found. The values obtained via the method of chlorophyll fluorescence at both tree species were low, at the Platanus acerifolia it was 0,65, at the Prunus subhirtella it was 0,68. In terms of content of photosynthetic pigments, Prunus subhirtella has come out better. In almost all, it had greater content of pigments than the Platanus acerifolia. The results of the research were used in the draft for excursions for students of 7th grades of elementary schools to this area.
3

Amarelo da ameixeira: Modelo de colonização do hospedeiro por um fitoplasma associado à doença / Plum yellow: colonization model of the host by a phytoplasma associated with this disease

Sarah Rodrigues Galvão 18 January 2016 (has links)
A cultura da ameixeira vem despertando a atenção de produtores brasileiros, pois oferece alta rentabilidade, possibilita a prática da agricultura familiar, emprega mão de obra, recebe incentivos de programas oficiais e conta com um mercado altamente promissor. No entanto, a cultura ainda necessita de cultivares com melhor adaptação climática, qualidade de frutos e resistência às doenças. Atualmente, dentre as doenças, o \"amarelo das fruteiras de caroço\", associada a um fitoplasma, vem causando sérios problemas. Em 2013, em pomares comercias de ameixeira (Prunus salicina), instalados em Paranapanema (SP), foram observadas plantas portadoras de sintomas tipicamente induzidos por fitoplasmas, caracterizados por superbrotamento de ramos, redução no comprimento de entrenós, além de amarelecimento, deformação e redução do tamanho de folhas. Nestas plantas foi identificado um fitoplasma pertencente ao grupo 16SrI-B (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris). Visando aumentar os conhecimentos sobre este patossistema, o objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica da colonização de plantas comerciais de ameixa infectadas pelo fitoplasma. Para isso, em dois pomares, amostras da parte aérea e raiz de plantas sintomáticas, pertencentes às variedades Gulfblaze e Azteca, foram coletadas mensalmente, durante um ano. O DNA total foi extraído e submetido ao PCR em tempo real para quantificar o fitoplasma nos tecidos do hospedeiro. Nessas reações foram utilizados os iniciadores universais UniRNAForward/UniRNAReverse. O fitoplasma foi detectado em todas as amostras, tanto aquelas da parte aérea quanto de raízes, em ambas as variedades estudadas. A concentração do patógeno nos tecidos do hospedeiro variou de 5,3 x 103 a 4,54 x 106 e 3,28 x 103 a 1,28 x 106 número de cópias/100ng de DNA total, na parte aérea e nas raízes, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram uma flutuação sazonal na concentração do fitoplasma, onde as maiores concentrações foram encontradas nas épocas mais quentes do ano, principalmente no mês de dezembro, e uma redução na concentração do patógeno foi observada nas épocas mais frias, embora o fitoplasma tenha permanecido na parte aérea da planta durante a fase de dormência do hospedeiro. A variedade Gulfblaze apresentou maior concentração do patógeno comparada com a variedade Azteca. O fitoplasma associado ao amarelo da ameixeira também foi encontrado em maior concentração na copa da planta. Com base nos resultados, amostras retiradas da parte aérea e nas épocas mais quentes do ano são as mais indicadas para os procedimentos de detecção do patógeno, visando uma diagnose mais confiável. / Plum is a crop that has aroused the attention of Brazilian growers due to high profitability, family farming, incentive arrangement and promising market. However the plum culture still need of varieties with good climate adaptation, best quality fruit, and disease resistance. Currently, among the diseases, stone fruit yellows, associated with a phytoplasma have caused serious problems. In 2013, in commercial orchards of plum (Prunus salicina) located in Paranapanema (SP), plants were observed exhibiting symptoms typically induced by phytoplasmas, characterized by witches broom and shortened internodes. Besides, the leaves were yellowish, malformed, and reduced in size. In these plants was identified a phytoplasma belonging to the group 16SrI-B (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris). The aim of the present work was to study the dynamics of colonization of commercial plants plum by the phytoplasma, in order to better understanding of the disease. Thus, in two orchards, samples from aerial parts and roots of symptomatic plants belonging to Gulfblaze and Azteca varieties were collected monthly, during a year. Total DNA was extracted and submitted to the Real Time PCR to quantify the phytoplasma in host tissues. In these reactions the universal primers UniRNAForward/UniRNAReverse were used. The phytoplasma was detected in all samples, both aerial parts and roots of the two varieties. The concentration of the pathogen in host tissues ranged from 5,3 x 103 to 4,54 x 106 and 3,28 x 103 to 1,28 x 106 number of copies/100 ng of total DNA in aerial parts and roots, respectively. The results showed a seasonal fluctuation in the concentration of phytoplasma. The highest concentrations were found in the warmer seasons of the year, especially in December, and a reduction in pathogen concentration was observed when the weather was milder, although the phytoplasma remained in aerial part of the plant during the dormant phase of the host. The Gulfblaze variety showed a higher concentration of the pathogen compared with the Azteca variety. In addition, the phytoplasma associated with the disease was found in highest concentration in the aerial part of plant. Based on the results, samples collected from the aerial part and in the warmer seasons of the year are the most recommended for pathogen detection procedures for safe diagnosis.

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