Die literêre simbool word onderskei van die konvensionele simbool soos dit in A dictionary of Symbols van J.E. Cirlot verskyn. Die literêre simbool kan in die literêre kunswerk dieselfde, of 'n ander betekenis as die konvensionele simbool hê. Die literêre kunswerk self is die kontrole vir die literêre simbool. Die literêre kunswerk moet genoeg konstituerende elemente bevat om die literêre simbool "simbool" te maak. 'n Woord wat as literêre simbool funksioneer, kan in ander verse, selfs in dieselfde vers, weer voorkom sonder dat dit simbolies funksioneer. Die studie wys op die gevare van waninterpretasie indien simboliek van buite die kunswerk op die kunswerk afgedwing word. "Vel", "glas", "groen", "swart", "wit", en "water" word as simbole in Die ysterkoei moet sweet bespreek. Tabulering by hoofstukke 4, 5 en 6 dui aan in watter verse en versreëls die simbole voorkom, asook waar dieselfde woorde voorkom, maar nie as simbole funksioneer nie. Die simbole wat behandel word, is terugkerende simbole; dit keer telkens terug en roep telkens dieselfde assosiasie op, naamlik die van wysiging van konvensionele grense. Terselfdertyd skep dit 'n wêreld van versoenende eenheid, 'n wêreld waarin die paradoks van lewe en dood, binne en buite, heel en verbrokkeld, een word. In hoofstuk 7 wys die studie ook op die waarde van "buite-literêre" gegewe, naamlik die invloed van die Zen-Boeddhisme en die Surrealisme in Breytenbach se poësie. Hierdie invloede bevestig wat reeds deur analise uit die vers duidelik geword het: dit is nie irrelevant ten opsigte van die poësie nie, maar dit alleen kan nie die vers bevredigend genoeg verklaar nie. Die slotsom is dat die eenheid van 'n totale wêreld, deur o.a. die gebruik van terugkerende simbole, in Breytenbach se poësie herkenbaar word wanneer, met die vers as enigste gegewe, die verse aan analise onderwerp word. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1982. / gm2013 / Afrikaans / MA / Unrestricted

Peter and the Wolf (1936) is a transmedial work based on a Russian fairy tale composed and written by Sergey Prokofiev . Prokofiev’s purpose with the work was amongst others to introduce children to the instruments of the symphony orchestra. This study examines the possibility of creating a new Afrikaans versification of the text in order to introduce this work to Afrikaans-speaking children. The creative product of the research consists of a picture book and a corresponding soundtrack together with the original music and a recitation of the text. The researcher cooperated with other artists in order to achieve the final product. Since the realisation of a creative product forms an integral part of this study, practice-based research has been utilised. The framework for practice-based research by Scrivener and Chapman (2004) has been used for the design of the study, the implementation thereof (theory and practice), as well as for the structure of the dissertation. The first step of the framework of Scrivener and Chapman (2004) entails the pre-project reflection, i.e. the identification of issues, as well as the concerns and interests of the researcher. It is important to the researcher that children are exposed to the instruments of the symphony orchestra, and she is also interested in picture books and fairy tales. Research revealed that there is no recent Afrikaans version of Peter and the Wolf. She consequently decided to do a versification of the text. The identification of the source domains relevant to the research theme and the creative project forms the second step of the framework. The initial source domains that were identified and studied were the theoretical concepts of intertextuality, intermediality and creative adaptation (Chapter 2). Peter and the Wolf originated as an intermedial work and thus the intermedial creative product is also a creative adaptation of the original work. As the study progressed, additional domains for research have been identified and examined. These are music, narrative poetry, children’s book illustrations, developmental psychology, cognitive narratology and information regarding the listener or reader (Chapter 3). Insight into the art forms and media can positively influence the progress of the creative product and can aid in creating an improved understanding of the intermedial effect of the total creative product. Because the target audience of the picture book is children between the ages of six and eight years, research was done on the developmental psychology of the child in the middle childhood years. In combination with this, cognitive narratology was studied to determine the reception of the creative product, and to assist with the analysis of the existing texts of Peter and the Wolf. Thereafter three existing editions of Peter and the Wolf were studied, based on the theoretical framework, and the intermedial interplay and creative possibilities for different medial combinations were examined (Chapter 4). These texts are: 1) a picture book, translated by Lydia Pienaar (1975); it is an equivalent translation of the original Russian text and has become a classical edition of the work in Afrikaans; 2) a poetic version by Philip de Vos of a performance text with the original music (2003); and 3) an alternative modern edition with musical arrangement, text and illustrations by Gavin Friday and Bono (2003). The latter combination of text, music, illustrations and recitation, was also used for the creative work in this study. Cycles of production and work reflection form part of the creative phase of practice-based research. In Chapter 5, the different phases of the versification process are discussed by analysing different versions of the manuscript. There is also a report on the co-operation with the other artists, and the development of the different media (the illustrations, the music realisation, the recitation and the sound mixing). In the post-project reflection the interplay between the theoretical research and the creative work was examined, as well as the contribution of the different research fields to the final creative project and the intermedial interplay between the different media that were used in the creative work. It was found that practice-based research is a very successful research method for a postgraduate study in which a creative project forms part of the study. The research method is not only advantageous for the development of the creative project, but also for thorough theoretical research. Furthermore, the researcher came to the conclusion that an improved understanding of the complex theoretical approaches develops when they are practically applied. This understanding is not necessarily based on theoretical research, but on the experience that was gained throughout this study. The creative product of this study can expand the horizon of the child in an intermedial way that will benefit the listener. Insight has been obtained on the way in which such a project can be undertaken. Furthermore, other intermedial projects can flow from this project. A translation of the poetic text can make this book and CD accessible to a large number of South African children. / MA (Afrikaans and Dutch), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Peter and the Wolf (1936) is a transmedial work based on a Russian fairy tale composed and written by Sergey Prokofiev . Prokofiev’s purpose with the work was amongst others to introduce children to the instruments of the symphony orchestra. This study examines the possibility of creating a new Afrikaans versification of the text in order to introduce this work to Afrikaans-speaking children. The creative product of the research consists of a picture book and a corresponding soundtrack together with the original music and a recitation of the text. The researcher cooperated with other artists in order to achieve the final product. Since the realisation of a creative product forms an integral part of this study, practice-based research has been utilised. The framework for practice-based research by Scrivener and Chapman (2004) has been used for the design of the study, the implementation thereof (theory and practice), as well as for the structure of the dissertation. The first step of the framework of Scrivener and Chapman (2004) entails the pre-project reflection, i.e. the identification of issues, as well as the concerns and interests of the researcher. It is important to the researcher that children are exposed to the instruments of the symphony orchestra, and she is also interested in picture books and fairy tales. Research revealed that there is no recent Afrikaans version of Peter and the Wolf. She consequently decided to do a versification of the text. The identification of the source domains relevant to the research theme and the creative project forms the second step of the framework. The initial source domains that were identified and studied were the theoretical concepts of intertextuality, intermediality and creative adaptation (Chapter 2). Peter and the Wolf originated as an intermedial work and thus the intermedial creative product is also a creative adaptation of the original work. As the study progressed, additional domains for research have been identified and examined. These are music, narrative poetry, children’s book illustrations, developmental psychology, cognitive narratology and information regarding the listener or reader (Chapter 3). Insight into the art forms and media can positively influence the progress of the creative product and can aid in creating an improved understanding of the intermedial effect of the total creative product. Because the target audience of the picture book is children between the ages of six and eight years, research was done on the developmental psychology of the child in the middle childhood years. In combination with this, cognitive narratology was studied to determine the reception of the creative product, and to assist with the analysis of the existing texts of Peter and the Wolf. Thereafter three existing editions of Peter and the Wolf were studied, based on the theoretical framework, and the intermedial interplay and creative possibilities for different medial combinations were examined (Chapter 4). These texts are: 1) a picture book, translated by Lydia Pienaar (1975); it is an equivalent translation of the original Russian text and has become a classical edition of the work in Afrikaans; 2) a poetic version by Philip de Vos of a performance text with the original music (2003); and 3) an alternative modern edition with musical arrangement, text and illustrations by Gavin Friday and Bono (2003). The latter combination of text, music, illustrations and recitation, was also used for the creative work in this study. Cycles of production and work reflection form part of the creative phase of practice-based research. In Chapter 5, the different phases of the versification process are discussed by analysing different versions of the manuscript. There is also a report on the co-operation with the other artists, and the development of the different media (the illustrations, the music realisation, the recitation and the sound mixing). In the post-project reflection the interplay between the theoretical research and the creative work was examined, as well as the contribution of the different research fields to the final creative project and the intermedial interplay between the different media that were used in the creative work. It was found that practice-based research is a very successful research method for a postgraduate study in which a creative project forms part of the study. The research method is not only advantageous for the development of the creative project, but also for thorough theoretical research. Furthermore, the researcher came to the conclusion that an improved understanding of the complex theoretical approaches develops when they are practically applied. This understanding is not necessarily based on theoretical research, but on the experience that was gained throughout this study. The creative product of this study can expand the horizon of the child in an intermedial way that will benefit the listener. Insight has been obtained on the way in which such a project can be undertaken. Furthermore, other intermedial projects can flow from this project. A translation of the poetic text can make this book and CD accessible to a large number of South African children. / MA (Afrikaans and Dutch), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015