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Social protection in South Africa: a quest for an appropriate dispensation through a Minimum Employment Guarantee SchemeSkosana, Nkere Gerald January 2016 (has links)
This study has analysed the unemployment phenomenon globally and in particular to the South African situation and contends that a solution to the reduction of the intractable unemployment levels lies in the implementation of a Minimum Employment Guarantee Scheme. It has further analysed the South African social protection system, and highlighted the gaps that currently exist in terms of providing social security, to the multitudes of the unemployed and poor. This is in spite of the constitution guaranteeing the right to social security and social assistance to those who are unable to look after themselves. The study further notes the limitations imposed on government in spite of constitutional provision that guarantees access to social security by the clause that limits this right to the ability of the state to provide this right within its means. Central to the exclusion of these multitudes of the unemployed is a cohort of people between the ages of 19-35 who in terms of the policies of the country are regarded as the youth. Statistics have been shown of the magnitude of this problem amongst young people between the ages of 19-24 and the risks associated with this problem have been highlighted. The study has argued that the existing Public Employment Programmes are not as effective as they should be because there is no mechanism to enforce policy decisions and as such, while there may be a range of programmes meant for youth upliftment as highlighted, these are also not going to be effective unless and until like the Indian model, the issue of employment creation for the youth becomes a subject of statute. The EPWP Social Sector is proposed as a viable model to test such a statute based on its design features and the nature of activities undertaken in the sector are less of a technical nature and require neither sophisticated training nor equipment. Most of these challenges addressed in the sector happen in the communities and recruitment and selection could easily be done amongst the throngs of youth that reside in those communities. As a matter of fact almost half of the participants within the programme currently are youth. It is in the best interest of the country, the study contends, that a dispensation be set up to cater for the lot of the unemployed youth and in this case a Minimum Employment Guarantee Scheme is proposed based on existing models of PEPs in the country.
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Orchestrating backward linkages from the extractive sector to other productive value adding sectors : a case study of the mining and the manufacturing industries in ZambiaNsupila, Maybin January 2016 (has links)
The quest for natural resource-based industrialisation has continued in many countries, particularly in Sub Sahara Africa. Zambia, a resource rich country, mainly dependent on copper for its exports, has been trying to industrialise with limited success. Recently, there has been renewed emphasis on leveraging the growth recorded in the mining industry to develop other economic sectors. However, the focus of the discourse has mainly been on building effective fiscal linkages. In this thesis, I argue that beyond fiscal linkages, Zambia can develop the local manufacturing industry through backward linkages from mining to manufacturing given the huge manufactured input demand in the mining sector. I investigate factors driving linkage development and establish that government, lead mining companies, local manufacturing firms, private sector associations and donors all have roles to play in the process. While government has the responsibility of putting in place the appropriate policy and regulatory framework to encourage local procurement, as well as create a conducive environment for attracting investment and fostering development of manufacturing firms, lead mining firms could contribute by ensuring they make it easy and provide adequate procurement opportunities to local manufacturing firms. They could also contribute by using part of their profits to implement development activities and corporate social responsibility programmes geared towards building capacities of suppliers to meet their drivers of procurement decisions. Further, local manufacturing firms can play a role by adopting strategies that help them upgrade capabilities to meet the key supply requirements for the mining industry. Associations too can play a significant role. Among other things, the Zambia Chamber of Mines can contribute to this effort by ensuring that a common approach with regard to local procurement is adopted by the mining firms thus making easy for local manufacturers to do business with the mines. The Zambia Association of Manufacturers can play the role of policy advocacy, coordinate the response and engagement from the manufacturers as well as stage activities that facilitate the building of business relations with mining firms. Donors can work with government in improving the policy environment, support local companies' capacity upgrading efforts as well as work with associations in their advocacy and other activities geared towards increasing valued-added local procurement.
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An Analysis of the role of governance on effective programme management - A case of Namibia Mass Housing Development Programme Management - A case of Namibia Mass Housing Development ProgrammeWilhelm, Martha 25 February 2019 (has links)
Namibia has been praised for having rigorous policy frameworks that address various national development challenges. Over the years, the country has introduced various policy initiatives to address the housing challenge in the country. However, implementation of such policies and programmes faced various challenges resulting in suboptimal outcomes and consequently, a situation where such programmes are abandoned, and new ones are introduced with little learning from past experiences. This paper, analysed the role of governance on effective programme management using a case study of Namibia’s Mass Housing Development Programme. The findings highlight governance challenges, as one of the key contributing factors to failing programmes. A qualitative approach was employed in gathering data using face to face in-depth interviews with the informants who represented the target population in the study. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge on the importance of governance which public policy and programme makers can draw lessons from for effective programme implementation.
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Governance reforms and national benefits : problems and prospects in Marange diamond mining in ZimbabweMakombe, Percy Fungayi January 2016 (has links)
Zimbabwe is among the top diamond-producing countries and is believed to hold a quarter of the world's diamond reserves. Yet it is still one of the poorest countries as the economy is slumped and growth has slackened, and it is expected to further weaken. This study tracks the history of diamond mining at Marange diamond fields, describing what has played out since the discovery of huge diamond deposits in 2006.The study considers potential entry points to try and effect reform in diamond mining in the country. It also explores the governance options and their experience, distinguishing between domestic and global mechanisms and exploring the prospects for each. The study interrogates the strength and ability of various stakeholders to affect reform casting light on the politics and power dynamics at play.
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Saldanha Bay Industrial Development zone: Co-ordination as a determining factor of opportunity lost or gamechangerMoses, Denver January 2017 (has links)
As a fledgling democracy, South Africa has had to contend with a slowing economy that has been accompanied by increasing unemployment. The Industrial Development Zone (IDZ) is one of the policy instruments used by the South African government in an attempt to overcome these challenges. This research study takes a closer look at this policy instrument within the specific context of the Saldanha Bay IDZ. Saldanha Bay is an operating port on the West Coast of South Africa which, after a series of feasibility studies, has been deemed a suitable location to establish a services hub for upstream oil and gas activities. Its competitive advantages are inter alia a naturally deep port and close proximity to Cape Town. This study seeks to construct a rich narrative that unravels key activities that emerged from the project's conceptual phase through to its implementation phase. This is a period of a little less than two decades stretching from around 1999 to 2016. In linking this narrative to a timeline, this dissertation explores three central issues. The first is whether the Saldanha Bay IDZ presents a commercially viable option for investors. Secondly, it explores whether the public sector has been able to establish the necessary enabling environment required for project success. Finally, it seeks to determine the factors that influenced the speed of project delivery. This narrative is built by having conversations with key stakeholders from both the private and public sectors who have had an involvement with the project for a considerable amount of time. The intention is to extract lessons from their journey and use these learnings as a basis to improve stakeholder co-ordination in this and other projects characterised by multiple actor and principal relationships.
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Local governments' changing power in South Africa's energy system: reshaping the regulatory space for renewable energy, from the bottom upHermanus, Lauren January 2017 (has links)
In 1994, South Africa's post-apartheid government inherited a highly-centralised energy sector, in which all aspects including planning, procurement, generation, distribution, pricing, and management were determined through top-down institutional arrangements and investments, centred around Eskom. In 2016, however, following rounds of energy sector reform, and the successful implementation of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers Procurement Programme (REIPPPP), this centralised configuration of power showed signs of disruption. Municipalities began to ambitiously redefine their role by building on opportunities related to renewable energy, resulting in an emergent challenge to centralised energy policy and planning. This dissertation sought to explore how this contestation took shape and to explain how seemingly ad hoc actions have created new possibilities, as well as new regulatory frameworks, by municipalities for municipalities. To achieve this, an analysis of the evolution of decentralised renewable energy generation in South Africa between 2008, when it first began, and 2016, was undertaken, applying the method of process tracing to two case studies. In order to contextualise these bottom-up processes within the national political economy of energy, process tracing was also applied in a high-level analysis of countervailing movements that consolidate centralised energy planning and procurement during the same period, with a particular focus on national plans to undertake massive investments in nuclear energy. It was found that municipalities' bottom-up actions have positioned them to drive renewable energy in such a way that seriously challenges the historical configuration of power that has determined South Africa's energy future up to now.
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The implications of comprehensive and incremental approaches to public sector reform for the creation of a developmental state in South Africa: Case study of the Oceans Economy Operation PhakisaPretorius, Pieter 25 February 2019 (has links)
In 1994, the first democratically elected government in South Africa faced the significant task of shaping new institutions and delivery transmission mechanisms capable of developing and implementing policies aimed at inclusive socio-economic growth and development. Evidence shows that the South African public sector is generally not yet able to be a key driver of development, at least not to the extent required to reduce poverty and inequality to the levels envisioned in the National Development Plan. The study argues that comprehensive public sector reform based on the principles of New Public Management was inappropriate given the unique South African political and institutional context and that incremental approaches to development are more likely to achieve results. This leaves room for the emergence of islands of effectiveness where public entrepreneurs or multi-stakeholder governed arrangements could be employed as alternative or complementary delivery transmission mechanisms. Operation Phakisa, an adaptation of the Malaysian Big Fast Results methodology, introduced a radical new approach to improving government impact. The Operation Phakisa methodology made certain assumptions about (or perhaps deliberately ignored) prevailing principal-agent relationships in South Africa and the readiness of these relationships to be challenged and transformed. Through the development and application of an analytical framework, the study examines the role of islands of effectiveness (using the Oceans Economy Operation Phakisa as a case study) as possible alternative or complementary delivery transmission mechanisms. While the Oceans Economy Operation Phakisa did not create sufficient scope for multi-stakeholder governance arrangements, some initiatives, most notably the Oil and Gas initiative, did benefit from public entrepreneurs that were able to navigate complex political and institutional realities to achieve results. Based on the outcome of the analysis, the study concludes with recommendations that could enhance the effectiveness of future iterations of Operation Phakisa.
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A phenomenological approach to profiling the life experiences of the Kayayoo in GhanaDodd, Rose Aba 10 February 2022 (has links)
The Kayayei of Ghana have been studied over several decades though there still exists a gap in the literature based on their profiles. A contributing factor to that gap is the limited information around how many Kayayoo are across the country. Another is the varied demographic and biographic profiles of Kayayoo that provide a good extent of diversity but not depth. Current policy and program interventions are driven by the profiles of Kayayoo, as is presented in existing research. However, the existing profiles miss out on the richness and texture of the Kayayoo's life, which means that programs and policy interventions that use them are not as effective as they could be in reaching the Kayayoo's needs. This phenomenological study revealed that there is likely no need to continue trying to conduct a census of Kayayoo in other to understand their lives. Especially since the nature of their movements in migration remain nomadic. Instead, what is needed are interventions on their external environment that will strengthen their sense of choice and agency. This study's insights show that the meaning and connections the Kayayoo constructs of family, social network, and work are driven by their construction of self. It showed that the Kayayoo exercises more of their agency than may be evident. Their actions are engendered by what they perceive allows them to exercise this agency and choice. With this insight, what is needed is a mapping of the Kayayoo's external environment to identify their intersections with public policy and other services, and then design interventions on that environment to maximize the benefits of their actions when they make a choice to access it. The outcomes of policy and programs will undoubtedly be better and more impactful if designed based on this more in-depth understanding of the Kayayei from their point of view.
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Aesthetics in the Classroom for Social Justice: How Do the Theories of John Dewey, Maxine Greene, and Jane Piirto Inform Us?Comeaux, Valerie Meiners 05 September 2013 (has links)
This study asks 1) What is the relationship between art, creativity, and social justice?
2) How do the theories of John Dewey, Maxine Greene, and Jane Piirto inform our understanding of this relationship? 3) What is the role of the arts in contemporary curriculum? To answer these questions, the study chronicled the various roles of art in Western society, from Classical Greece through the present day, before exploring the aesthetic theories of Dewey, Greene, and Piirto. The findings suggest that the absence of an arts-integrated curriculum in most American public schools does not imply the absence of art programs in society. To the contrary, communities provide numerous opportunities for citizens to participate in the making of art. The existence and number of these non-school experiences demonstrate that the community does place importance on the artsa direct contrast from the dominant philosophies of aesthetics and education. These communal acts of making artacts of making democracy, at timesare frequently self-generating. That is, no formal sanctioning of art by the school as an institution is necessary for democratic acts of art to occur. While the philosophies of Dewey and Greene require one to possess conscious intent and engage in reflection to make meaningful, socially just art, these findings imply that art may also be enacted bodily, without the presence of mental reasoning. The author offers the term intuitive presence to describe this participation in community for the purpose of artistic creation and human understanding, to complement Greenes theory of wide-awakeness. The study compels researchers to revisit our current interpretation of an aesthetic experience, to assess what art should be included in curriculum, and to broaden our explanation of how art for social justice is created.
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Educational Aspirations of Middle and High School Students: A Focus on Turkish-American YouthSuslu, Dilek Atmaca 11 June 2014 (has links)
The purpose of this mixed -methods study was to investigate the educational aspirations of Turkish-American middle and high school students. For comparison purposes students from other ethnic groups were also included in the study. Factors related to family, school and the individual student were examined through survey data and interviews. In addition, possible barriers to educational goals, preferred area of study, and perceived parent support were explored. Interview with Turkish-American parents revealed types of parental supports and insights about their understanding of childrens experiences and performance.
The results of the ordinal regression analyses revealed that parents expectations and school achievement were the most influential factors on educational aspirations of Turkish American middle and high school students. Parents expectations and generation level (immigrant status) were found most influential for the group of other ethnic students included in the study.
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