This thesis traces and analyses the development of sport transformation and democratization in South Africa since the new constitutional dispensation, commencing in the early 1990âs. The origin, evolution and development of sport in South Africa are still in its infancy in comparison with sporting history in the global context. However, tremendous strides have also been made in other sport events, such as hosting rugby, soccer, cricket and golf, for example, at an international level. Furthermore, the knowledge about sport and democracy was not well addressed, defined and explicit. Additionally, the transformation and democratization of South African sport have been given only superficial attention since the dawn of the new democracy. In this regard rugby and politics have been intertwined in South African sport for more than fifteen decades (1861â2012). There was virtually no racial mixing of any kind in South African sport previously. The all-encompassing apartheid laws effectively prevented racial integration, both on and off the field. Above all sports apartheid was tragic in its denial of human dignity and its enforced waste of human talent and possibilities. Therefore, by using the grounded theory approach, this thesis examines empirical evidence gathered from the research participantâs data and information. The scope and nature of the research project necessitate applying the grounded theory approach which included many issues at hand to understand the origin and development of the issues, one has to determine whether transformation and democratisation of South African sport was politically or merit driven. In addition to that, a key outcome of the research was to construct a proposed theoretical framework by means of the grounded theory approach in qualitative research. The framework will eventually emerge from data collected from the relevant stakeholders involving in South African sport. The study also examines to what extent transformation has taken place since the new constitutional dispensation in the country. What progress has been made and at what pace. The latter issues necessitate the possibility to investigate the problem regarding quota systems, merit selection and development programmes in rugby. These issues form an integral part of the research on transformation and democratization in rugby. The thesis also addresses the questions on what is the relationship between sport and politics since the new democratic order in 1994.What are the basic assumptions that define transformation and democratization? Do representative teams at all levels reflect the demographics of the society or only the participating sport people? How appropriate are the principles of transformation? For example, democracy, non-racialism, equity and access, redress and representatively are principles which can be utilised or used to explain the process of transformation? Therefore to interface between rugby and sport has become a major focus of attention. Transformation in rugby since the unification in 1992 is not simply about replacing white faces with black faces but involved personal attitudinal, institutional and paradigm changes. By applying the grounded theory approach it was possible that all relevant theoretical contrasts could emerge as a possible theory. Political change in South Africa since 1994 has led to the transformation and democratization of sporting bodies and the acceptance of non-racialism in sport. But since 1995 Rugby World Cup transformation is viewed with suspicion from both the Blacks and Whites. The thesis attempts to address this vicious cycle of wrong perceptions. The conflict in sport is so intense because South Africa is culturally a mixed society. But clinging to the past both Blacks and Whites are dangerous obstacles to transformation. In fact, sport should be seen as a great equaliser in society. The research framework has been constructed from the data collected from the recorded narrative of the participants. The interpretation of the data created the context of emerging themes.

This thesis sets out to confirm the relationship between corruption and political transformation. The thesis commences by investigating different modes of political change with particular emphasis on the characteristics, nature and content of political transformation. With the relationship of the above phenomena being the focal point, the thesis extensively examines the concept of corruption by interrogating different definitions, its causes and consequences. It was also the aim of the study to context the role of ethics/morality as well as that of leadership within the relationship. The study applied a deductive and qualitative approach in exploring case studies in three African states prior to shifting focus to South Africa where both public sector departments as well as private sector experiences come under scrutiny. Apart from the broader South African environment, selected departments of the Eastern Provincial Government were also placed under the microscope as a continuation of the case-study approach. Drawing on the theories on the one hand and the case studies on the other, significant evidence could be found to categorically confirm the relationship between corruption and transformation. Overall this study is part of a growing body of research dealing with the effect of corruption in countries undergoing processes of political change. The study concludes by providing recommendations aimed at the development of an effective anti-corruption framework.

This study investigates the management of the conflict and struggles that arise when a variety of cultural groups reside in one society, under one political system (plurality). As various groups endeavour to establish their particular value system as the prevailing value system of the society, the value system of one or more of the other groups is compromised. Tension, conflict and struggle ensue. Where this struggle becomes violent, hundreds of thousands of lives can be lost. During the middle of the twentieth century, the idea emerged that plurality can be accommodated in a positive manner. Over time, this idea crystallized into the theory (or ideology) of Pluralism. The purpose of this study was to identify measures that were applied over a period of more than three centuries (1652 to 1962) in three different areas (currently known as the USA, South Africa and Australia) to manage plurality; and to determine how such measures influenced these societies in the long-term. A theory (more accurately, an ideology) like Pluralism is not the ideal instrument for objective analysis, because of its inherent value bias. This study therefore developed an empirical analytical framework through which to analyse the measures employed to handle plurality, and the effects thereof. It was felt that using this framework to conduct a comparative analysis would shed more light on both the measures that were applied over a long period in various societies, and the longterm effect of the various measures on these societies. It would also assist in projecting the probable effect of certain measures if applied to a specific society, under specific circumstances. However, the emphasis of this study is on the development of the analytical framework and the application thereof on the historical data of the chosen areas and societies from the beginning of the seventeenth century to just after the middle of the twentieth century, with a cut-off date of 1962. Although the framework was not applied to other societies, in other periods, due to the colossal nature of such an exercise, the results of this historical analysis indicate that the analytical framework developed in this study could open perspectives that could not be obtained through other methods. In the course of applying the framework illustratively to the chosen historical data, this study describes the various cultural groups involved, as well as their differences regarding numbers, language and culture. Conflicts that arose are noted, as well as the measures employed to deal with the plurality. Furthermore, from the methods that were used in various time frames, deductions are made regarding the morality that was current in those times. From an ideologically pluralistic perspective, some of the identified measures employed to cope with plurality could be regarded as negative, in that they were intended to suppress or eliminate plurality â mostly accompanied by some form of violence â whereas others could be regarded as positive, in their attempt to take plurality into consideration when determining the overarching values of the society, and even to strengthen and broaden the plurality. Finally, the morality of the actions of the various governments was judged against the prevailing morality of their times. In this study it was established that the governments of the three territories applied more or less the same methods in more or less the same periods to handle plurality under the influence of the contemporary international morality.