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Exploring Polynomial Convexity Of Certain Classes Of SetsGorai, Sushil 07 1900 (has links) (PDF)
Let K be a compact subset of Cn . The polynomially convex hull of K is defined as The compact set K is said to be polynomially convex if = K. A closed subset is said to be locally polynomially convex at if there exists a closed ball centred at z such that is polynomially convex. The aim of this thesis is to derive easily checkable conditions to detect polynomial convexity in certain classes of sets in
This thesis begins with the basic question: Let S1 and S2 be two smooth, totally real surfaces in C2 that contain the origin. If the union of their tangent planes is locally polynomially convex at the origin, then is locally polynomially convex at the origin? If then it is a folk result that the answer is, “Yes.” We discuss an obstruction to the presumed proof, and use a different approach to provide a proof. When dimR it turns out that the positioning of the complexification of controls the outcome in many situations. In general, however, local polynomial convexity of also depends on the degeneracy of the contact of T0Sj with We establish a result showing this.
Next, we consider a generalization of Weinstock’s theorem for more than two totally real planes in C2 . Using a characterization, recently found by Florentino, for simultaneous triangularizability over R of real matrices, we present a sufficient condition for local polynomial convexity at of union of finitely many totally real planes is C2 .
The next result is motivated by an approximation theorem of Axler and Shields, which says that the uniform algebra on the closed unit disc generated by z and h — where h is a nowhereholomorphic harmonic function on D that is continuous up to ∂D — equals . The abstract tools used by Axler and Shields make harmonicity of h an essential condition for their result. We use the concepts of plurisubharmonicity and polynomial convexity to show that, in fact, the same conclusion is reached if h is replaced by h+ R, where R is a nonharmonic perturbation whose Laplacian is “small” in a certain sense. Ideas developed for the latter result, especially the role of plurisubharmonicity, lead us to our final result: a characterization for compact patches of smooth, totallyreal graphs in to be polynomially convex.
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Mathematics and mathematics education - two sides of the same coin : creative reasoning in university exams in mathematicsBergqvist, Ewa January 2006 (has links)
Avhandlingen består av två ganska olika delar som ändå har en del gemensamt. Del A är baserad på två artiklar i matematik och del B är baserad på två matematikdidaktiska artiklar. De matematiska artiklarna utgår från ett begrepp som heter polynomkonvexitet. Grundidén är att man skulle kunna se vissa ytor som en sorts ”tak” (tänk på taket till en carport). Alla punkter, eller positioner, ”under taket” (ungefär som de platser som skyddas från regn av carporttaket) ligger i något som kallas ”polynomkonvexa höljet.” Tidigare forskning har visat att för ett givet tak och en given punkt så finns det ett sätt att avgöra om punkten ligger ”under taket”. Det finns nämligen i så fall alltid en sorts matematisk funktion med vissa egenskaper. Finns det ingen sådan funktion så ligger inte punkten under taket och tvärt om; ligger punkten utanför taket så finns det heller ingen sådan funktion. Jag visar i min första artikel att det kan finnas flera olika sådana funktioner till en punkt som ligger under taket. I den andra artikeln visar jag några exempel på hur man kan konstruera sådana funktioner när man vet hur taket ser ut och var under taket punkten ligger. De matematikdidaktiska artiklarna i avhandlingen handlar om vad som krävs av studenterna när de gör universitetstentor i matematik. Vissa uppgifter kan gå att lösa genom att studenterna lär sig någonting utantill ur läroboken och sen skriver ner det på tentan. Andra går kanske att lösa med hjälp en algoritm, ett ”recept,” som studenterna har övat på att använda. Båda dessa sätt att resonera kallas imitativt resonemang. Om uppgiften kräver att studenterna ”tänker själva” och skapar en (för dem) ny lösning, så kallas det kreativt resonemang. Forskning visar att elever i stor utsträckning väljer att jobba med imitativt resonemang, även när uppgifterna inte går att lösa på det sättet. Mycket pekar också på att de svårigheter med att lära sig matematik som elever ofta har är nära kopplat till detta arbetssätt. Det är därför viktigt att undersöka i vilken utsträckning de möter olika typer av resonemang i undervisningen. Den första artikeln består av en genomgång av tentauppgifter där det noggrant avgörs vilken typ av resonemang som de kräver av studenterna. Resultatet visar att studenterna kunde bli godkända på nästan alla tentorna med hjälp av imitativt resonemang. Den andra artikeln baserades på intervjuer med sex av de lärare som konstruerat tentorna. Syftet var att ta reda på varför tentorna såg ut som de gjorde och varför det räckte med imitativt resonemang för att klara dem. Det visade sig att lärarna kopplade uppgifternas svårighetsgrad till resonemangstypen. De ansåg att om uppgiften krävde kreativt resonemang så var den svår och att de uppgifter som gick att lösa med imitativt resonemang var lättare. Lärarna menade att under rådande omständigheter, t.ex. studenternas försämrade förkunskaper, så är det inte rimligt att kräva mer kreativt resonemang vid tentamenstillfället. / This dissertation consists of two different but connected parts. Part A is based on two articles in mathematics and Part B on two articles in mathematics education. Part A mainly focus on properties of positive currents in connection to polynomial convexity. Earlier research has shown that a point z0 lies in the polynomial hull of a compact set K if and only if there is a positive current with compact support such that ddcT = μ−δz0. Here μ is a probability measure on K and δz0 denotes the Dirac mass at z0. The main result of Article I is that the current T does not have to be unique. The second paper, Article II, contains two examples of different constructions of this type of currents. The paper is concluded by the proof of a proposition that might be the first step towards generalising the method used in the first example. Part B consider the types of reasoning that are required by students taking introductory calculus courses at Swedish universities. Two main concepts are used to describe the students’ reasoning: imitative reasoning and creative reasoning. Imitative reasoning consists basically of remembering facts or recalling algorithms. Creative reasoning includes flexible thinking founded on the relevant mathematical properties of ob jects in the task. Earlier research results show that students often choose imitative reasoning to solve mathematical tasks, even when it is not a successful method. In this context the word choose does not necessarily mean that the students make a conscious and well considered selection between methods, but just as well that they have a subconscious preference for certain types of procedures. The research also show examples of how students that work with algorithms seem to focus solely on remembering the steps, and researchers argue that this weakens the students’ understanding of the underlying mathematics. Article III examine to what extent students at Swedish universities can solve exam tasks in introductory calculus courses using only imitative reasoning. The results show that about 70 % of the tasks were solvable by imitative reasoning and that the students were required to use creative reasoning in only one of 16 exams in order to pass. In Article IV, six of the teachers that constructed the analysed exams in Article III were interviewed. The purpose was to examine their views and opinions on the reasoning required in the exams. The analysis showed that the teachers are quite content with the present situation. The teachers expressed the opinion that tasks demanding creative reasoning are usually more difficult than tasks solvable with imitative reasoning. They therefore use the required reasoning as a tool to regulate the tasks’ degree of difficulty, rather than as a task dimension of its own. The exams demand mostly imitative reasoning since the teachers believe that they otherwise would, under the current circumstances, be too difficult and lead to too low passing rates.
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The Oka-Weil TheoremKarlsson, Jesper January 2017 (has links)
We give a proof of the Oka-Weil theorem which states that on compact, polynomially convex subsets of Cn, holomorphic functions can be approximated uniformly by holomorphic polynomials. / Vi ger ett bevis av Oka-Weil sats som säger att på kompakta och polynomkonvexa delmängder av Cn kan holomorfa funktioner approximeras likformigt med holomorfa polynom.
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