Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-18T12:53:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Junior Mota dos Santos.pdf: 16470271 bytes, checksum: 931fe4e9cb3a582ced25e4d4c19d1ffc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T12:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Fábio Junior Mota dos Santos.pdf: 16470271 bytes, checksum: 931fe4e9cb3a582ced25e4d4c19d1ffc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / There are countless researches related to the treatment of waste water because they contain large amounts of recalcitrant chemicals, such as p-Nitrophenol widely used in the industry in dyeing leather. Because it is a very toxic substance even at low concentrations, its total removal and / or transformation into other less polluting substances becomes an urgent environmental issue. Gold nanoparticles because they have great catalytic potential besides being non-toxic can somehow contribute to the minimization of the environmental effects caused by nitrophenols. Reactions using homogeneous catalysts are not very feasible in some cases, they present great difficulty during the separation of the catalysts from the rest of the reaction medium. In this context, this work aimed at the development of a catalyst based on gold nanoparticles impregnated in polystyrene foams an industrial waste, using thermally induced phase separation as the method of obtaining the same. It is then tested for catalytic reduction of p-Nitrophenol. The gold nanoparticles of different diameters were obtained using different synthesis conditions and characterized by spectrophotometry in the region of the visible for the size measurement, whereas for the already impregnated foams the characterization techniques used were the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). The catalyst was tested using as a model reaction the reduction of p-Nitrophenol to p-Aminophenol, the whole process was accompanied by UV-vis and what is concluded is a variation in the reaction velocities as a function of the variation of the particle size present in the foam and / or their concentrations therein. / Já são inúmeras as pesquisas relacionadas ao tratamento de águas residuais pelo fato de as mesmas conterem grandes quantidades de substancias químicas recalcitrantes, a exemplo do p-Nitrofenol muito utilizado na indústria no tingimento de couro. Por se tratar de uma sustância muito tóxica mesmo em baixas concentrações sua total remoção e/ou transformação em outras menos poluentes, torna-se uma questão ambiental urgente. As nanopartículas de ouro por apresentarem grande potencial catalítico além de não serem tóxicas, podem de alguma forma contribuir para a minimização dos efeitos agressivos ao ambiente causados por nitrofenóis. Reações que utilizam catalisadores homogêneos são pouco viáveis em alguns casos, apresentam grande dificuldade durante a separação do catalisados do restante do meio reacional. Nesse contexto esse trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de um catalisador a base de nanopartículas de ouro impregnadas em espumas de poliestireno um rejeito industrial, utilizando como método de obtenção para o mesmo a separação de fases induzida termicamente. Para então testa-lo na redução catalítica do p-Nitrofenol. As nanopartículas de ouro de diferentes diâmetros foram obtidas utilizando-se diferentes condições de síntese e caracterizadas através da espectrofotometria na região do visível para a aferição do tamanho, enquanto que para as espumas já impregnadas as técnicas de caracterização utilizadas foram a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raio-X (DRX), analise termogravimétrica (TG) a derivada da analise termogravimétrica (DTG). O catalisador foi testado utilizando como reação modelo a redução do p-Nitrofenol a p-Aminofenol, todo o processo foi acompanhado por UV-vis e o que se conclui é uma variação nas velocidades das reações em função da variação do tamanho de partículas presente na espuma ou/e de suas concentrações na mesma.

My thesis solveses the office building. The building will be located in Šumperk. It will be located near the center. The building has two floors and a partial basement floor. Ceilings are beams with ceramic inserts and reinforced concrete slabs. Vertical structure consists of a ceramic blocks in the aboveground parts and concrete blocks in the underground section. The roof is walked on vegetation. The staircase is reinforced concrete, monolithic. The entire building is insulated with mineral wool. Basement is insulated with polystyrene foam.

The thesis is devoted to the study of material properties of selected types of polystyrene, especially expression of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. The work contains two main chapters, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with an overview of the thermal insulation in the Czech Republic, the description of phenomena related to heat transfer mechanisms and an overview of experimental methods for determining thermal insulating properties. The practical part presents results of measurements of samples with foamed polystyrene, which is modified by the addition of selected substances. The thesis describes the machine program, which is used to calculate the temperature in during the construction arrangement under the sunlight load.

The master´s thesis analyzes influence of direct and reflected solar radiation to heat strain and degradation of thermal insulation in the flat roof construction. In many building was a problem in a significant degradation of thermal insulation made from expanded polystyrene in the vicinity of glass surfaces. To determine the causes of this problem, it was necessary to study and test the properties of building materials and the physical nature of the effect of solar radiation on the building structure. In the introductory section lists the cases of buildings with degradation of thermal insulation and existing knowledge on this issue. The theoretical part describes the technical properties of thermal insulating materials used in the flat roof construction, nature and division of solar radiation, optical laws of light reflection and physical theory to explain the technical thermal behavior of building materials and structures. The last part describes a practical model and analyzing measured data in thermal stress in the flat roof construction. The practical part also determines the importance of different influences configuration structures using to dynamic simulations. At the end of the practical part they are validated theoretical knowledge obtained by analyzing data from a practical model.