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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determina??o experimental e modelagem termodin?mica do ponto de turbidez de sistemas aquosos com tensoativos nonilfenolpolietoxilados

Ara?jo, Alessandro Alisson de Lemos 05 August 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlessandroALA_DISSERT.pdf: 1662616 bytes, checksum: c000a859b64ca5e0d06f0ed970192748 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The nonionic surfactants are composed of substances whose molecules in solution, does not ionize. The solubility of these surfactants in water due to the presence of functional groups that have strong affinity for water. When these surfactants are heated is the formation of two liquid phases, evidenced by the phenomenon of turbidity. This study was aimed to determine the experimental temperature and turbidity nonilfenolpoliethoxyled subsequently perform a thermodynamic modeling, considering the models of Flory-Huggins and the empirical solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE). The method used for determining the turbidity point was the visual method (Inoue et al., 2008). The experimental methodology consisted of preparing synthetic solutions of 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12,5%, 15%, 17% and 20% by weight of surfactant. The nonionic surfactants used according to their degree of ethoxylation (9.5, 10, 11, 12 and 13). During the experiments the solutions were homogenized and the bath temperature was gradually increased while the turbidity of the solution temperature was checked visually Inoue et al. (2003). These temperature data of turbidity were used to feed the models evaluated and obtain thermodynamic parameters for systems of surfactants nonilfenolpoliethoxyled. Then the models can be used in phase separation processes, facilitating the extraction of organic solvents, therefore serve as quantitative and qualitative parameters. It was observed that the solidliquid equilibrium model (ESL) was best represented the experimental data. / Os tensoativos n?o-i?nicos s?o constitu?dos por subst?ncias cujas mol?culas, em solu??o aquosa, n?o se ionizam. A solubilidade destes tensoativos em ?gua deve-se ? presen?a de grupamentos funcionais que possuem forte afinidade pela ?gua. Quando esses tensoativos s?o aquecidos ocorre ? forma??o de duas fases l?quidas, evidenciada pelo fen?meno da turbidez. Este trabalho teve como intuito determinar os dados experimentais da temperatura de turbidez do nonilfenolpolietoxilado e posteriormente realizar uma modelagem termodin?mica, considerando os modelos de Flory-Huggins e o emp?rico de equil?brio s?lido-l?quido (ESL). O m?todo empregado para determina??o do ponto de turbidez foi o m?todo visual (Inoue et al., 2008). A metodologia experimental consistiu na prepara??o de solu??es sint?ticas de: 0,25%, 0,5%,1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 12,5%, 15%, 17% e 20% em massa de tensoativo . Os tensoativos n?o-i?nicos utilizados de acordo com seu grau de etoxila??o (9,5, 10, 11, 12 e 13). No decorrer dos experimentos as solu??es foram homogeneizadas e a temperatura do banho foi aumentada gradativamente ao passo que a temperatura de turbidez da solu??o foi verificada visualmente Inoue et al. (2003). Esses dados da temperatura de turbidez foram utilizados para alimentar os modelos avaliados e obter par?metros termodin?micos para sistemas de tensoativos nonifenolpolietoxilados. Em seguida os modelos poder?o ser utilizados em processos de separa??o de fases, facilitando a extra??o de solventes org?nicos, pois servir?o como par?metros quantitativos e qualitativos. Foi observado que o modelo de equil?brio s?lido l?quido (ESL) foi o que melhor representou os dados experimentais obtidos

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