The purpose of this thesis is to determine how a group of socially-concerned French-speaking Catholics grouped around l'Ecole Sociale Populaire or E.S.P. of Montreal reacted to the depression. Their importance lay in the fact that they were charged with the task of adapting the Church's organization and teachings to Quebec's changing socio-economic structure. As a result, they had developed by 1930 a network of interlocking organizations and relationships in Quebec and in Europe. The fund of ideas and experiences which the E.S.P. accumulated thereby was disseminated amongst French Canadian elite groups largely through the medium of monthly pamphlets. Thus, when the depression struck and made Montreal, of Canada's urban regions, one of its chief victims, the members of the E.S.P. were put to the test. The misery and insecurity engendered by the collapse of the economic system stimulated a demand for viable solutions and for action. An examination of the pamphlets published by the E.S.P. between 1930 to 1940 indicates that its members were slow in perceiving the causes and effects of the depression. Yet the E.S.P. was quick to mount a campaign to stop the growth, especially in Quebec, of Communism and, for a time, of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. Nevertheless, the E.S.P.'s pamphlets reveal that as time went on an increasingly serious split developed amongst its members primarily over the attitude Catholics should adopt towards the existing socio-economic system. The E.S.P.'s programme for dealing with the depression manifested an ambiguous attitude towards the state. On one hand, there seemed to be a fear of too much state intervention and, on the other, there was an acknowledgement that only the state could deal quickly and effectively with the problems created by the depression. Equally important, many members of the E.S.P. favoured long-term structural reforms such as a return to self-sufficient agriculture through a programme of colonization rather than immediate ones. Later, the E.S.P. was to embrace but not with equal fervour the Catholic concept of corporatism as the long-range solution. Another factor which shaped the E.S.P.'s response to the depression was the tendency of its members to consider all proposals and activities primarily in terms of combatting Communism and Socialism. In evaluating their accomplishments, some members of the E.S.P. came to realize that they had enjoyed less than complete success. They appeared to have been most disappointed with the colonization programme and most satisfied with the anti-Communist campaign. A personal assessment of the E.S.P.'s efforts finds its commitment to social justice and to pluralism within the Church to have been its most attractive features. The most unattractive aspect of the E.S.P.'s publications was the tendency on the part of its authors to subordinate all values to the maintenance and expansion of the Church's influence and organization. This tendency helps to explain why the E.S.P.'s proposals and activities did not give due consideration to the mass misery created by the depression and to the power wielded by the economic elite. In turn, this conclusion helps to explain why the E.S.P. did not have a greater impact at this time. Nevertheless the depression seems to have given birth to new conceptions of the role of the Church and of its members. With time these new ideas were to bring about a drastic alteration in the form and substance of the Church. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

La thèse Des superhéroïnes à Gotham City: une étude de la (re) définition des rôles genrés dans l'univers de Batman s'intéresse à l'apparition et à l'évolution de trois superhéroïnes – Catwoman, Batgirl et Batwoman – dans les comic books de l'éditeur DC Comics. Cette recherche vise à montrer comment le contexte de production a influencé les origines de ces personnages. Ces origines, si elles sont sans cesse réécrites dans les comic books, ne se détachent jamais totalement de ces éléments initiaux, mais construisent des variations à partir de ceux-ci. Depuis les années 1980, alors que le nombre total de superhéroïnes du catalogue de l'éditeur DC Comics augmente significativement, ces personnages se retrouvent soumis à de nouveaux stéréotypes de genre dans des récits où elles sont des personnages secondaires. Les récits parus postérieurement, dans lesquels Catwoman, Batgirl et Batwoman sont protagonistes, héritent de ces stéréotypes qu'ils peuvent reproduire, détourner et/ou dépasser. Catwoman, Batgirl et Batwoman, puisqu'elles apparaissent à différents moments de l'histoire des superhéroïnes et de l'éditeur DC Comics – les débuts des années 1940, la relève des superhéros durant les années 1960 et les questionnements autour des questions de représentativités des années 2000 – nous offrent trois approches différentes de la place des superhéroïnes dans l'univers de Batman. / Superheroines in Gotham City: (Re)Defined Gender Roles in the Batman Universe examines the emergence and evolution of three superheroines - Catwoman, Batgirl and Batwoman - in comic books from the publisher DC Comics. This research aims at showing how the production context has influenced the origin of these characters. Although rewritten time and again in comic books, these origin stories never completely detach themselves from their initial elements, instead creating variations on them. Since the 1980s, when the total number of superheroines in DC Comics' catalogue increased significantly, these characters have found themselves subjected to new gender stereotypes in stories where they are secondary characters. Later stories, where Catwoman, Batgirl and Batwoman are protagonists, inherit these stereotypes either by reproducing, diverting and/or overcoming them. Catwoman, Batgirl and Batwoman are three heroins created at different key moments in the history of both DC comics productions and superheroines : the early 1940s, the resurgence of superheroes in the 1960s, and the 2000s within a context of questioning representation issues in comics. As such, they present us with three different approaches to the role of superheroines in the Batman universe throughout its publication history.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Le projet politique de l’Unité Populaire, sous la direction de Salvador Allende, propose une transformation révolutionnaire, politique, économique et sociale au Chili pour avancer vers le socialisme à la manière chilienne, c’est-à dire de manière pacifique, démocratique et respectueuse de la légalité. Un projet qui fait de la question de l’indépendance, notamment de l’indépendance économique un de ses principaux objectifs. Indépendance qui était aussi une des principales préoccupations des nationalistes chiliens du début du XXe siècle. Ce travail a pour objectif de montrer que ce nationalisme a laissé son empreinte entre autres, dans le projet politique de l’Unité Populaire. / The political project of the Popular Unity, led by Salvador Allende, proposes a revolutionary, political, economical and social transformation in Chile toward socialism the Chilean way, that is to say peaceful, democratic and respectful of the law. The project sets the issue of independence, particularly that of economic independence, as one of its main goals. Independence was also one of the main concerns of Chilean nationalists at the beginning of the 20th Century. This work aims to show that this nationalism has left its mark, among others, in the political project of the Popular Unity.

Diss.--Wien, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 221-229. Index.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Köln, 1990. / En append., textes en grec. Bibliogr. p. 10-15.

Dissertation--Gießen, 2006. / Bibliogr. p. 355-382.

Akademisk avhandling--Historia--Uppsala Universitet, 2004. / Bibliogr. p. 270-285.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Musicologie : Lyon 2 : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. Discogr. Index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Faculté de droit de Bordeaux, 1961. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [233]).