A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Arts. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Fine Arts. Johannesburg 1996 / Likeness is a central issue to the tradition of portrait painting. This dissertation examines the notion of likeness in some contemporary high portrait painting. Likeness is viewed as constructed socially through the complex relations between artist, sitter and viewer. Faced with the problematic notions of realism and naturalism and their philosophical ramifications, the dissertation confronts the question of What in our world can be regarded as natural or given, and what is constructed or acquired. The discussion, framed by the debate set up between Nelson Goodman and E.H. Gombrich, leads to the conclusion that the 'natural' and the 'real' are not neutral, they are highly constructed. The dIfferences between various conventions; various ways of representing others, are extrapolated from the debate, and once acknowledged. the final position taken is a less linear conventionalist stance. The constructed nature of likeness is tested against the portraits by American artist, Andy Warhol and British artist. Lucian Freud, contemporary painters working in direct antithesis to one another. The aim is to show that both of their portrait likenesses. whether private or public, painterly Or mechanical, are embedded within socially constructed conventions. Recognition of 'the conventions can guide the viewer in deconstructing the work and locating the meaning. I discuss my own work in relation to the contents of this dissertation.

The subject of this dissertation is female self-portraiture in Australia of the interwar years, 1918 to 1939. The primary concern of this thesis is to consider self-portraiture as a conceptual process. Self-portrayal is understood as an act of cultural invention rather than an unmediated access to an essential core self. It is this invention and what is entailed in the process of self-imagining, rather than any formal analysis of the style, which is of greatest concern. (For complete abstract open document)