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Through the analysis of artistic and written artifacts, this dissertation attempts to reflect upon the cultural and political conditions that conjoin to constitute a highly unstable "Galizan identity". The dissertation will begin by reading how a graphic work by the single most central figure in modern Galizan nationalism managed to convey such unstable identity. It will then go on to assess how culture in general, and literary production in particular might be used to mobilize the social elements that would liberate a potential Galizan identity/nation, according to the terms of a contemporary Galizan manifesto-cum-declaration and under the conditions which have historically produced the cultural, social and political map of the Iberian Peninsula. The special situation of Galiza comes across, thus, as perhaps the most complex identitarian conflict of those locked up by the Spanish Kingdom. Amongst all the potential indicators of a "Galizan identity", language retains a hegemonic position (of which the artifacts under study here are perfect paradigms) at the same time that it has become the privileged territory for the confrontation of different national projects. The combination of this cultural constituent factor with other historic elements allows for the categorization of Galiza as an enclave in an unequal dialectical relationship. This characterization depends, however, upon the privileged status given to the Nation-State in Modernity as the site of political sovereignty. Assuming as much, the artifacts analysed in this dissertation can only present Galiza as being either a nation's "amputated/occupied segment" or a "forbidden" nation (without "its own Nation-State"). Nevertheless, in the Global Era, the "suspended" condition of Galizan identity may become one of the aporetic paradigms of subjectivity at the beginning of the new century: Galizans can and cannot be (an)other thing. Their incompleteness is, thus, not only the very condition of their foreignness to the two Nation-States of the Iberian Peninsula but, above all, to the modern political construct that the Nation-State is.

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La presente Tesis Doctoral La Exposicion Iberoamericana (EIA) de Sevilla en contexto tiene como hilo conductor la arquitectura como manifestacion cultural de su epoca. De esta manera, el analisis arquitectonico de la EIA pondra de manifiesto, en primer lugar, la influencia de las Exposiciones Universales ensayadas durante el siglo XIX. Estos certamenes demostraron su capacidad de sintesis al encapsular los avances de cada paí­s, sin olvidar la plasmacion de la identidad nacional a traves de la arquitectura de sus pabellones. La EIA se basara en este modelo para sintetizar no ya los avances tecnologicos o coloniales de Espana y Latinoamerica, sino, por el contrario, las relaciones existentes entre ambas tras las independencias. En segundo lugar, y a traves del analisis de los pabellones de las distintas naciones sera posible discernir que imagen querian mostrar al otro, a Espana, a las otras republicas latinoamericanas, con su participacion en la EIA. La Plaza de America a traves de los estilos Neogotico, Neomudejar y Neoplateresco pondra de manifiesto la influencia de la corriente conservadora panhispanista, que proponia restablecer una suerte de neoimperialismo sobre las excolonias espanolas. Frente a este afan de superioridad cabe destacar como la mayoria de las republicas latinoamericanas prefirieron condensar su identidad en pabellones neobarrocos, en los que la arquitectura se relaciona con la corriente liberal del Panhispanoamericanismo. El mejor ejemplo de esta corriente esta representado en el pabellon de Argentina. Mexico, por su parte, pondra la nota discordante al establecer, con la arquitectura de su pabellon Neoindigena, la independencia total de Espana, y la relevancia de las culturas indigenas a la hora de conformar su identidad nacional. Disenado por Amabilis durante el gobierno de Calles, este pabellon esta inmerso en la corriente del Indigenismo que, a pesar de haberse desarrollado en toda America Latina, tuvo especial pujanza en Mexico. Por ultimo, en la arquitectura de la Plaza de Espana sera posible descubrir, en la eleccion de los estilos arquitectonicos, la necesidad de repensar una nueva identidad para Espana, que habia dejado de ser un imperio para convertirse en una nacion europea de segunda fila. De esta manera, en tercer y ultimo lugar, al analizar los pabellones de la EIA, sera posible comprender las distintas motivaciones que llevaron a los paises participantes a erigir un pabellon permanente en la capital hispalense: bien para fomentar las relaciones entre las naciones hispanas en aras de ser mas fuertes frente al imperialismo de los Estados Unidos; para redescubrir una identidad comun basada en la raza o en la lengua; para fortalecer las relaciones comerciales; o simplemente con la intencion de utilizar la arquitectura como propaganda politica, economica, o incluso turí­stica.

This thesis examines the importance of women in political and cultural life at the Spanish court through the case of Teresa Valle, spiritual counsellor of Olivares, the favourite of King Philip IV (1621–1643). Scholars have assumed that women in Golden Age Spain played only a minor role in high Baroque politics and culture; my research demonstrates this to be a partial and insufficient view. Through an analysis of diverse primary sources such as letters, literary writings, and Inquisition records I show how relations between noblemen and religious women formed a key aspect of Baroque patronage and exchange, forming an essential tool of publicity and power for the former, and a way of access to the literary domain for the latter. Teresa Valle founded a convent in Madrid with the help of her patrons. The fame as visionary achieved by her aroused the wrath of some of the nuns of her convent, who denounce her to the Holy Office. She was condemned and the enemy factions of her powerful friends used the scandal to destruct their public image. In order to defence her honour and the moral integrity of her patrons Teresa addressed three treatises to the inquisitors and one confessional writing to the King. At the heart of the thesis there is a study of the writings that Teresa produced during this period, revealing her emerging literary identity, which I tried to elucidate and analyse. The nun´s trip into literature also allows me to define new paths of understanding female writing in Golden Age Spain and clarify the discursive strategies that religious women negotiated.