by Law Chun Kong. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 129-133.

Neste trabalho obtemos taxas de decaimento para autovalores e valores singulares de operadores integrais gerados por núcleos de quadrado integrável sobre a esfera unitária em \'R POT. m+1\', m 2, sob hipóteses sobre ambos, certas derivadas do núcleo e o operador integral gerado por tais derivadas. Este tipo de problema é comum na literatura, mas as hipóteses geralmente são definidas via diferenciação usual em \'R POT m+1\'. Aqui, as hipóteses são todas definidas via derivada de Laplace-Beltrami, um conceito genuinamente esférico investigado primeiramente por W. Rudin no começo dos anos 50. As taxas de decaimento apresentadas são ótimas e dependem da dimensão m e da ordem de diferenciabilidade usada para definir as condições de suavidade / In this work we obtain decay rates for singular values and eigenvalues of integral operators generated by square integrable kernels on the unit sphere in \'R m+1\', m 2, under assumptions on both, certain derivatives of the kernel and the integral operators generated by such derivatives. This type of problem is common in the literature but the assumptions are usually defined via standard differentiation in \'R POT. m+1\'. Here, the assumptions are all defined via the Laplace-Beltrami derivative, a concept first investigated by W. Rudin in the early fifties and genuinely spherical in nature. The rates we present are optimal and depend on both, the differentiability order used to define the smoothness conditions and the dimension m

The first part of the thesis studies invariant subspaces of strictly singular operators. By a celebrated result of Aronszajn and Smith, every compact operator has an invariant subspace. There are two classes of operators which are close to compact operators: strictly singular and finitely strictly singular operators. Pelczynski asked whether every strictly singular operator has an invariant subspace. This question was answered by Read in the negative. We answer the same question for finitely strictly singular operators, also in the negative. We also study Schreier singular operators. We show that this subclass of strictly singular operators is closed under multiplication by bounded operators. In addition, we find some sufficient conditions for a product of Schreier singular operators to be compact. The second part studies almost invariant subspaces. A subspace Y of a Banach space is almost invariant under an operator T if TY is a subspace of Y+F for some finite-dimensional subspace F ("error"). Almost invariant subspaces of weighted shift operators are investigated. We also study almost invariant subspaces of algebras of operators. We establish that if an algebra is norm closed then the dimensions of "errors" for the operators in the algebra are uniformly bounded. We obtain that under certain conditions, if an algebra of operators has an almost invariant subspace then it also has an invariant subspace. Also, we study the question of whether an algebra and its closure have the same almost invariant subspaces. The last two parts study collections of positive operators (including positive matrices) and their invariant subspaces. A version of Lomonosov theorem about dual algebras is obtained for collections of positive operators. Properties of indecomposable (i.e., having no common invariant order ideals) semigroups of nonnegative matrices are studied. It is shown that the "smallness" (in various senses) of some entries of matrices in an indecomposable semigroup of positive matrices implies the "smallness" of the entire semigroup. / Mathematics

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Neste trabalho obtemos taxas de decaimento para autovalores e valores singulares de operadores integrais gerados por núcleos de quadrado integrável sobre a esfera unitária em \'R POT. m+1\', m 2, sob hipóteses sobre ambos, certas derivadas do núcleo e o operador integral gerado por tais derivadas. Este tipo de problema é comum na literatura, mas as hipóteses geralmente são definidas via diferenciação usual em \'R POT m+1\'. Aqui, as hipóteses são todas definidas via derivada de Laplace-Beltrami, um conceito genuinamente esférico investigado primeiramente por W. Rudin no começo dos anos 50. As taxas de decaimento apresentadas são ótimas e dependem da dimensão m e da ordem de diferenciabilidade usada para definir as condições de suavidade / In this work we obtain decay rates for singular values and eigenvalues of integral operators generated by square integrable kernels on the unit sphere in \'R m+1\', m 2, under assumptions on both, certain derivatives of the kernel and the integral operators generated by such derivatives. This type of problem is common in the literature but the assumptions are usually defined via standard differentiation in \'R POT. m+1\'. Here, the assumptions are all defined via the Laplace-Beltrami derivative, a concept first investigated by W. Rudin in the early fifties and genuinely spherical in nature. The rates we present are optimal and depend on both, the differentiability order used to define the smoothness conditions and the dimension m