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A proposta central desta pesquisa é analisar os filmes do cineasta russo Nikita Mikhalkov produzidos no período pós-soviético, sem, contudo, desconsiderar as demais obras do momento soviético. O estado de dissolução de valores na Rússia pós-soviética e a falta de parâmetros, principalmente dos jovens, motivaram Mikhalkov a produzir filmes cuja forma e conteúdo fossem acessíveis e emblemáticos, aproximando-se do cinema blockbuster e persuadindo o espectador através do uso incessante de símbolos. Seu público-alvo são os jovens, porém sua crítica se estende a todos os afetados pelo capitalismo, sistema que o cineasta considera ser nocivo ante a misteriosa alma russa. Diante disso, o trabalho questionará sua proposta no momento atual. / The main purpose of this research is to analyze the movies produced by the Russian film-maker Nikita Mikhalkov during the post-Soviet period, but without disregarding the other works from the Soviet period. The state of dissolution of Russian values in the post-Soviet Russia and the lack of parameters, mainly related to the youth, motivated Mikhalkov to produce movies in which the form and the content were accessible and emblematic, coming close to the blockbuster conventions and persuading the viewer by the incessant use of symbols. His target audience is the young public, but his critics extend to all people who have been affected by capitalism, a system that he considers to be harmful to the mysterious Russian soul. This dissertation will question his approach in the post-Soviet period.

A proposta central desta pesquisa é analisar os filmes do cineasta russo Nikita Mikhalkov produzidos no período pós-soviético, sem, contudo, desconsiderar as demais obras do momento soviético. O estado de dissolução de valores na Rússia pós-soviética e a falta de parâmetros, principalmente dos jovens, motivaram Mikhalkov a produzir filmes cuja forma e conteúdo fossem acessíveis e emblemáticos, aproximando-se do cinema blockbuster e persuadindo o espectador através do uso incessante de símbolos. Seu público-alvo são os jovens, porém sua crítica se estende a todos os afetados pelo capitalismo, sistema que o cineasta considera ser nocivo ante a misteriosa alma russa. Diante disso, o trabalho questionará sua proposta no momento atual. / The main purpose of this research is to analyze the movies produced by the Russian film-maker Nikita Mikhalkov during the post-Soviet period, but without disregarding the other works from the Soviet period. The state of dissolution of Russian values in the post-Soviet Russia and the lack of parameters, mainly related to the youth, motivated Mikhalkov to produce movies in which the form and the content were accessible and emblematic, coming close to the blockbuster conventions and persuading the viewer by the incessant use of symbols. His target audience is the young public, but his critics extend to all people who have been affected by capitalism, a system that he considers to be harmful to the mysterious Russian soul. This dissertation will question his approach in the post-Soviet period.

This thesis focuses on the description of real conditions and opportunities of development of civil society organizations in the field of cultural heritage preservation in Buryatia, which is a federal subject in Russia. The theoretical part includes basic approaches to the concept of civil society, the definition of culture, a brief excursus into the history of civic activism in Russia, and an overview of laws and regulations governing the activities of Russian non-profit organizations. In the second part the author, through semi-structured interviews and a document analysis, seeks to provide a detailed insight into the context in which the organized civil society exists in Buryatia nowadays and to understand what role it plays in the process of rediscovering and promoting the Buryat national culture that was suppressed during the Soviet period. The conclusions of the thesis point to general improvement in the conditions for civil society in Buryatia over the last 27 years, and also contain recommendations on a range of actions that should help overcome the current barriers. Key words: civil society, non-profit organization, culture, nation, national revival, Buryatia, Post- Soviet period, democracy.