The aim of this research is to establish the bond between Friedrich Nietzsche and the anarchists, through the apparatus of elective affinity , and to challenge the boundaries of several anarchist trends especially 'classical' and 'post' anarchism and 'ideologies' like anarchism and libertarian Marxism. Moreover, it highlights the importance of reading Nietzsche politically, in a radical way, to understand his utility for the contemporary anarchist movement. The review of the literature concerning the Nietzsche-anarchy relationship shows the hitherto limited bibliography and stresses the possibility of exploring this connection, with the methodological help of Michael Löwy s concept of elective affinity . The research opens with a discussion of anarchism, following the dominant model for categorizing anarchist traditions, presenting its basic features and currents and drawing on its historical development. This leads to the introduction of two points (the questioning of the anarchist canon and the exposure of the diversity that basic anarchist concepts bear among different anarchist currents) which contest the rigid ideological perception of anarchism in favour of a fluid and dynamic anarchy. There emerges the elective affinity with Nietzsche, serving a double goal: the unification of the distinct anarchist tendencies and the definition of the anarchist parameters in relation to other ideologies. The following section of the thesis examines Nietzsche, by presenting the evolution of his philosophical thought and the fundamental theses of his perception of politics. It, then, continues with a detailed analysis of the main concepts of his philosophy based on the interpretation made by Gilles Deleuze, Alexander Nehamas and Keith Ansell-Pearson, thus structuring its interpretative context for establishing the Nietzsche-anarchy connection. This establishment is realized in a dual way. Firstly, by exploring the elective affinity through the presence of Nietzsche in the thought and politics of anarchist/libertarian thinkers (Goldman, Landauer, Benjamin) and currents (post-anarchism), and secondly by recognizing the anarchist worldview in the Nietzschean philosophy. The first path (Nietzsche in anarchism) shows how Nietzsche has interacted with or has been absorbed by the anarchist way of thinking, whereas the second path (anarchism in Nietzsche) reveals the affinal worldview of the two parts by extensively using the interpretation context mentioned above. The final section of the thesis applies the whole analysis above on a Nietzschean reading of the December 08 revolt in Athens based on the Of the Three Metamorphoses discourse from Thus Spoke Zarathustra. What has been found is the existence of a clear bond, between Nietzsche and the anarchists, which even reaches the upper levels of Löwy s elective affinity , that is Nietzschean Anarchism as a result of the two parts interactive fusion. The significance of this finding is that the relevant affinity may contribute to an alternative, to the dominant, perception of anarchism as an ideology. It may also designate its special features together with its weaknesses, meaning the objections of Nietzsche to certain aspects of the anarchist practices and worldview (violence, resentment, bad conscience), thus opening a whole new road of self-criticism for the anarchists of the twenty first century. In addition, the location and analysis of the elective affinity serves the debunking of the Nietzschean concepts used by conservative and right-wing readings in order to appropriate Nietzsche, and of the accusations that the German philosopher had unleashed against anarchists, which reveals his misunderstanding of anarchist politics.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto_ Vieira_Junior_Dissertacao.pdf: 752317 bytes, checksum: 94e06fff44cfd0a5c25456b97546e51e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-14 / The Post-structuralism has occupied a prominent place among the political theories that aim to explain and analyze the political relations of the post-modern world, not only for the richness of its concepts but also for the depth of their analyzes. In the same field of political theory, another "school" theoretical search space and gaining recognition in academic space: postanarchism. This dissertation aims to analyze and compare poststructuralism and post-anarchism seeks to identify and point out elements that connect both. To achieve this goal, this paper uses discursive corpus as the works of Ernesto Laclau, Jacques Rancière, Saul Newman and Lewis Call to analyze the meanings given by these authors for categories such as freedom, equality, and subject, as well as identify the influences of each building one of these directions / O Pós-estruturalismo tem ocupado um lugar de destaque entre as teorias políticas que pretendem analisar e explicar as relações políticas do mundo pós-moderno, não somente pela riqueza de seus conceitos como também pela profundidade de suas análises. No mesmo campo da teoria política, uma outra escola teórica busca ganhar espaço e reconhecimento no espaço acadêmico: o pós-anarquismo. A presente dissertação de mestrado objetiva analisar e comparar pós-estruturalismo e pós-anarquismo em busca de identificar e apontar elementos que conectem ambos. Para alcançar este objetivo, este trabalho utiliza como corpus discursivo as obras de Ernesto Laclau, Jacques Rancière, Saul Newman e Lewis Call, para analisar os sentidos dados por estes autores para categorias como liberdade, igualdade e sujeito, bem como identificar as influências de cada um na construção destes sentidos