Thesis (M.Psych.Clin.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Columbia International University, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-124).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 205 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-99).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (November 7, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2006. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-81).

Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-140). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11564

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M.A. / The current social and political situation in South Africa has resulted in an extremely violent climate in which the incidence of highly stressful events experienced by people on the whole is extremely high. The severe and pathological negative symptoms that often follow the experience of highly stressful events are defined as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders - IV (DSM-IV)(APA, 1994). An improved understanding of the factors involved in the development, treatment and prevention of PTSD is important considering the potentially debilitating effects of this disorder. With the increasing emphasis being placed on 'positive' psychology, the salutogenic orientation was given focus in this study. Antonovsky (1979, 1987) defines salutogenesis as 'the origins of health', and the emphasis is on identifying those factors in which health originates and is promoted. This study aimed to investigate two specific variables, sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 1979, 1987) and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977, 1986) as two potential psychological resilience factors that may positively contribute to effective functioning after the experience of a highly traumatic event. The research tested a postulated model which suggested that the two resilience variables influence the presentation of PTSD symptoms after exposure to a traumatic event. The research was conducted in a police and banking environment with 50 participants, all of whom had experienced a traumatic event as defined by the criteria in the DSM-IV. Three measuring instruments were used to measure the constructs of interest. PTSD symptomatology was measured by means of Horowitz's "Impact of Events Scale - Revised" (Weiss & Marmar, 1997), self-efficacy in the face of a traumatic event was measured by means of a specific questionnaire constructed by the researcher for this study (SEFTE), and sense of coherence was measured by means of Antonovsky's "Orientation to Life" questionnaire, or Sense of Coherence Scale (1983). The results of the study indicated that a relationship does exist between the three constructs of interest. A higher sense of coherence. contributes to higher selfefficacy expectations in the face of a traumatic event, and both these variables reduce the level of PTSD symptomatology after exposure to a traumatic event. In conclusion, the importance of understanding some of the psychological resilience factors which may help to prevent PTSD after exposure to a traumatic event, or at least reduce the severity of the symptoms, was highlighted. By doing so, emphasis can be moved from the treatment of PTSD after the event, to the prevention of the disorder, by strengthening the resilience of those people at risk of exposure to a highly traumatic event, before the event occurs.

M.A. / Hijacking has become so prevalent that the South African Police Service created a separate division to attend to these priority crimes, The Crime Information Analysis Centre. This division coordinates statistics and information and analyse factors leading to crime in order to plan a strategy to prevent it. The reasons for the multiplication of hijacking can be found in economic benefits, urbanization, dehumanization, inefficiency of law enforcement, the role of syndicates, security mechanisms in cars, and the ready availability of weapons. Few subjects are as relevant as trauma counseling, with few South Africans who have not experienced at some stage a crisis, shock or trauma due to crime, violent deaths, hijackings, rape, molesting and abuse, murder of farmers, and HIV and Aids. Trauma counseling is the professional treatment of a person experiencing problems, through constructive growth in faith and renewal, based on the atonement with God through Christ. It is important that the Bible be utilised in Christian counseling as the Spirit of God speaks through it. The counselor can help the traumatized patient by giving them the 12 opportunity to communicate their pain, anguish, fright, terror and anger in an honest way to God. Healing occurs when the traumatized find a (new) reason to live, through faith in the goodness of God. The counselor does not teach positive thinking but rather the truth of the Word of God instead of wrong thought processes and perceptions. In the end the client is taught to find meaning in their lives in the midst of tragic events and crises. With the help of God they are enabled top look back at what happened in the trauma and to realize that it makes sense. Even though Christians do not always understand God’s meaning with what He allows in their lives, they learn to trust Him. When they learn to look at their lives through God’s eyes, they realize the limitations of their own vision. Even pain has a purpose and can be the cause of growth and a sharper focus. It reminds us of the need to trust in God so that hijacking is not the end of life but the beginning of a new life.