Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1972.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1972.

A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 14th October 2016 in Johannesburg / Poorly controlled pain following caesarean section surgery can have a debilitating effect on the physical and emotional well being of a woman during the post-operative period. Good intra-operative anaesthetic management during caesarean section surgery is requisite to improve post-operative analgesia, and thereby contribute to the well being of the patient. In South Africa (SA) there are currently no national obstetric anaesthesia practice guidelines. Anaesthetic service providers therefore rely on knowledge acquired during their anaesthetic training and recommendations from international guidelines (which may not be applicable in SA). In order to establish a reference standard of anaesthetic care for obstetric patients in SA, a semi-structured interview was conducted with the heads of department and/or their representatives from the eight anaesthesiology academic departments in SA in 2012. The experts provided recommendations on the intra-operative anaesthetic management of patients for elective and emergency caesarean sections, as well as the post-operative monitoring and analgesic management of these patients. The recommendations were based on the experts’ understanding of the uniquely local healthcare environment in SA. Following the establishment of the SA reference standard, a national survey of anaesthetic service providers was conducted in 2014 to establish what the practises are in South Africa for caesarean section anaesthetics. Ninehundred- and-thirty-three survey responses were analysed, which equated to a 58% response rate. The majority of anaesthesia providers (97.8%) perform single shot spinal anaesthesia for caesarean sections. Thirty percent of respondents chose to use Quincke spinal needles, despite the increased risk of this needle causing post-dural puncture headaches (PDPH). The preferred local anaesthetic drug was 0.5% bupivacaine with dextrose, and fentanyl was the most commonly used additive agent, as opposed to common international practice, which advocates morphine. The survey also revealed that 58% of doctors work in hospitals that do not have a post-operative monitoring protocol for patients following caesarean section surgery. This contrasts to recommendations suggested by the national experts regarding patient monitoring requirements. A clinical trial was then conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of two different doses of intrathecal morphine (50μg and 100μg) with 25μg fentanyl. Patients in both morphine treatment groups had significantly lower postoperative opioid requirements than patients in the fentanyl group. The pain numerical rating scale (NRS) scores were however not statistically different and there was also no difference in the side effects profile or emotional parameters measured, between the groups. This study highlights the differences in the recommended practise of obstetric anaesthesia in SA compared to other countries and demonstrates how obstetric anaesthesia is practised in SA. The final component of this study has demonstrated how international best practices can be easily implemented in SA to improve the anaesthetic care of the obstetric patient. / MT2017

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1990. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-58).

Orientadores: Ivan Felizardo Contrera Toro, Alfio Jose Tincani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vega_NelsondeAraujo_M.pdf: 4035476 bytes, checksum: 8e53d952a2d1dafb0e3094da655eed5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O manuseio tradicional dos drenos de tórax, após toracotomia, resume-se em um período inicial de aspiração contínua do frasco de drenagem, subseqüente a um intervalo de tempo com o selo de água. Essa estratégia foi desenvolvida, há muitos anos, para ser utilizada após grandes toracotomias. O aprendizado de novas técnicas cirúrgicas e o moderno desenvolvimento de instrumentais médicos propiciaram um menor trauma cirúrgico ao doente. Atualmente, o manejo dos drenos vem sendo modificado em algumas situações. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a drenagem pleural, por meio de válvula unidirecional de tórax (VUT), no pós-operatório de ressecção pulmonar eletiva. Foram realizadas 39 ressecções pulmonares, de forma prospectiva e não randomizada, em pacientes que utilizaram a VUT, como o método de drenagem pleural durante o período pós-operatório. Foram excluídos os pacientes com idade inferior a 12 anos, os submetidos à pneumectomia ou à operação de urgência e os que não completaram o seguimento do estudo. Observou-se a expansão pulmonar, o tempo de permanência com o sistema de drenagem, o período de internação e as complicações pós-operatórias. Foram incluídos e analisados 36 pacientes. A média de permanência com o sistema de drenagem pleural foi de 2,94 ± 1,6 dias. A radiografia de tórax, realizada após 30 dias do procedimento cirúrgico, foi considerada normal em 34 (94,18%) pacientes. Ocorreram oito (22,16%) casos de complicações pós-operatórias, sendo três (8,31%) relacionados à VUT. A utilização da VUT, no pós-operatório de ressecção pulmonar eletiva, foi eficiente e apresentou baixo índice de complicação, principalmente nas ressecções menores / Abstract: The traditional management of chest tubes after a lung resection involves a period of applied suction followed by water seal drainage. This strategy was developed over many years to be used after large thoracotomies. However, the learning of new surgical techniques associated with the current development of medical devices made possible minor surgical traumas in patients. Nowadays, this strategy has been modified in some situations. This study aim is to evaluate pleural drainage using a unidirectional thorax valve (UTV) after elective lung resection.Thirty-nine non randomized prospective lung resections were performed in patients that have been used UTV during a postoperative period. Exclusion criteria were patients below 12 years of age, those who underwent pneumonectomy or emergency surgery and those who were considered lost of follow-up. Pulmonary expansion, chest tube duration, hospital stay and postoperative complications were observed. This study comprised 36 patients. Mean duration of pleural drainage was 2,94 ± 1,6 days. Thirty-four (94,18%) patients showed normal findings on chest roentgenogram 30 days after surgical procedure. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 (22,16%) patients, being 3 (8,31%) related to drainage system. The use of UTV after elective lung resection was effective and showed a low rate of complications, especially in minor resection / Mestrado / Cirurgia / Mestre em Cirurgia

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1968.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1968.

Thesis (MMed.(Anaesthesiology-Faculty of Health Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.