Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-15T15:36:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Alves de Lima.pdf: 1004241 bytes, checksum: ecaf95a9ff3ca6b7a1da02b5054d51ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T15:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Luiz Alves de Lima.pdf: 1004241 bytes, checksum: ecaf95a9ff3ca6b7a1da02b5054d51ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In tropical dry forests, functional types have been remarkably useful to describe plant responses to environmental factors, based on morphological, physiological and phenological characteristics. For caatinga this issue has not been addressed by any study. Our hypothesis is that in deciduous plants with low wood density (LWD), that store large amounts of water,flushing and flowering will be triggered by increasing photoperiod, which coincides with absence of rain, while in plants with high wood density, both deciduous (HWD) and evergreen (EV) these phenological events will be related to soil water availability. To this end, we determined the phenological functional types of 27 woody species from a caatinga area in the municipality of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco.Flushing, leaf fall, flowering and fruiting were determined from April 2007 to October 2009 and related to their wood density,water retention capacity and water potential before dawn. We also compared these phonological events in plants receiving 500 mm of irrigation at the beginning of the dry season (August-October 2008) to those of a non-irrigated control area. In the control area,LWD species maintained a high water potential throughout the seasons and started shedding their leaves at the end of the rainy season and flushed and / or flowered in the dry season, when the photoperiod was increasing. On the other hand, the water potential of HWD species varied greatly along the seasons and flushing and flowering were positively correlated to rainfall. The water potential of EV species varied less than that of HWD ones and they flushed during the dry season and flowered at the end this season. Along irrigation, LWD species remained leafless and did not flush or flower, while HWD species maintained their leaves, flushed and flowered. The results confirm the hypothesis and demonstrate that the three functional groups (evergreens and deciduous high and low wood density species) have distinct physiological and phenological patterns, induced by either water availability or photoperiod. / O uso de características fenológicas, morfológicas e fisiológicas tem sido cada vez mais comum para a caracterização de comunidades vegetais em tipos funcionais. Para a caatinga, ainda não existem estudos que abordem esta questão. A hipótese deste trabalho é que em plantas decíduas de baixa densidade de madeira (BDM), que armazenam grande quantidade de água, o brotamento e a floração seriam desencadeados pelo aumento do fotoperíodo, que coincide com a ausência de chuva, enquanto em plantas de alta densidade de madeira, que são decíduas (ADM) e sempre-verdes (SV) estes eventos estariam relacionados à disponibilidade de água no solo. Neste sentido, o obejtivo deste trabalho foi determinar os tipos funcionais fenológicos de 27 espécies lenhosas de uma área de caatinga no município de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. O brotamento e a queda foliar, a floração e a frutificação dessas espécies foram registrados de abril de 2007 a outubro de 2009 e relacionados à densidade de madeira, capacidade de armazenamento de água e potencial hídrico antes do amanhecer. Estes eventos fenológicos também foram comparados com plantas que estavam recebendo 500 mm de irrigação no início da estação seca (agosto a outubro de 2008) com aqueles da área controle não-irrigada. Na área controle, as espécies BDM mantiveram um alto potencial hídrico durante as estações e iniciaram a queda foliar no final da estação chuvosa e brotaram e/ ou floresceram no final da estação seca, quando o fotoperíodo aumentou. Por outro lado, o potencial hídrico das species ADM variou significativamente ao longo das estações e o brotamento e a floração foram positivamente correlacionados à precipitação. O potencial hídrico das espécies SV variou menos do que o das espécies ADM e elas brotaram durante a estação seca e floresceram no final desta estação. Durante a irrigação, as espécies BDM permaneceram sem folhas e não brotaram ou floresceram, enquanto as espécies ADM mantiveram suas folhas, brotaram e floresceram. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese e demostra que os três grupos funcionais (espécies sempre-verdes e decíduas de alta e baixa densidade de madeira) têm diferentes padrões fenológicos e fisiológicos, induzidos ou pela disponibilidade de água ou fotoperíodo.

From the Proceedings of the 1974 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 19-20, 1974, Flagstaff, Arizona / An examination of potential water sources for power plant cooling in Arizona is presented along with information pertinent to Arizona's future water needs relative to electrical usage growth. It has been projected that Arizona's peak electrical power demands in 1980 and 1990 will exceed that of 1970 by some 5000 megawatts and 16000 megawatts of electricity respectively. At present, the bulk of the electrical energy generated in the western states originates at hydroelectric installations. Utilization of nuclear reactors for power generation requires a larger amount of cooling water than is required for a comparable fossil-fueled plant. It is suggested that the utilization of reclaimed wastewater for cooling purposes is a viable and attractive alternative to groundwater pumpage from both economic and ecological standpoints. Savings arise from conservation of fuel normally required for well pumps, costs of well construction are not required, quantities of fresh water should be released for consumption by alternate users, and a previously unused resource would be effectively recycled.