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Effect of feeding various cereal grains on percent shrinkage, quality, and efficiency of production of broilersAdams, Albert Whitten. January 1955 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1955 A32 / Master of Science
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TALLOW FOR LAYING HENS (POULTRY, FAT, PERFORMANCE, AMINO ACIDS).BACO, ABDUL-AZIZ ISHAK. January 1985 (has links)
Effects of tallow supplementation on dietary nutrient and minimal amino acid utilization in the laying hen were studied in two experiments. In the first experiment diets contained six levels of animal tallow ranging from 0 to 10%. Percent egg production and egg mass were not significantly affected by tallow. Body weight was significantly increased by 2% tallow was maximum at 6%. Addition of up to 6% fat improved feed conversion without adversely affecting other production characteristics. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake increased from 305.1 to 322.4 kcal/hen/d over the range of 0 to 6% tallow with no further improvement at higher tallow levels. Maximum net energetic efficiency was obtained with 2 and 4% tallow. Ability to digest tallow declined significantly with hen age. Higher tallow ME values were obtained from calorimetry data than from digestibility measurements due to beneficial effects of tallow on digestibilities of fat and protein in the basal diet. No improvement in starch retention was observed with tallow supplementation. In the second experiment, diets containing four levels of protein (15.0, 13.6, 15.0 + methionine and 17.0%) without and with 3% tallow were fed to hens housed in an open cage house or an insulated, evaporatively cooled house. Egg production and egg mass were significantly higher in the insulated house. This study indicates that reducing total protein below the National Research Council (NRC, 1984) recommended level significantly reduced egg production by birds housed in an open house. Supplemental methionine to provide .60% TSAA was required for maximum egg production. Egg production was significantly improved with the low protein diet when 3% tallow was added; however, egg production rate supported by this combination was significantly below that obtained with the 17% protein diet either with or without added tallow. For birds housed in the insulated, evaporatively cooled house the diet based on the NRC amino acid recommendations appeared to be optimal for performance, even with a lower protein level. No additional benefits were obtained in egg production with 3% tallow in any of the diets under these housing conditions.
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Bioavailability of phosphorus in selected feedstuffs for young chicks and pigsHuang, Kuen-Chan January 2011 (has links)
Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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The effects of supplemental microbial phytase on nutrient utilization in broiler chickens /Sebastian, Sylvester. January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
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Effect of a direct-fed microbial on performance of single comb white leghorn chickensNahashon, Samuel N. 23 February 1994 (has links)
Six experiments were carried out with Single Comb White Leghorn laying chickens to
assess the effect of feeding a source of direct-fed microbials (Lactobacillus; Lacto) and its
carrier [condensed cane molasses solubles (CCMS)] on the retentions of fat, nitrogen and
several minerals; on the status of the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; on the phytase
activities in the Lacto and in the crop and in the intestinal contents and intestinal, pancreatic
and liver tissues; on the histological and anatomical changes of the GI tract and on the
production performance.
Feeding 1,100 mg Lacto/kg diet (ppm) and 2,200 ppm Lacto in corn-soya bean meal
(C-S) diets to layers stimulated appetite, improved egg production (in Experiment 1 only), egg
mass, egg weight, egg size, internal egg quality and fat, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus
retentions (P < .05). Production performances were not different between the layers fed the
1,100 ppm diet and those fed the 2,200 ppm Lacto diet. Supplementing Lacto diets with 1 and
3% fat reduced feed consumption, provided better feed conversion, egg production, egg
masses, egg size, body weight gains, and nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retentions.
Feeding 1,100 ppm Lacto barley-corn-soya bean (B-C-S) layer diets improved body
weight gains and the retentions of fat, phosphorus and manganese and increased the rate of
passage of digesta (P < .05). Feeding Lacto C-S and Lacto B-C-S layer diets increased
cellularity of Peyer's patches in the ileums of the layers which may stimulate the mucosal
immune system. No changes in length and weight of the intestine were observed.
Daily feed consumption and body weight gains were improved when pullets were fed
1,100 ppm Lacto from 7 to 19 wk of age (WOA). When these pullets were continued on the
Lacto feed during the laying period (20 to 59 WOA), increased feed consumption, egg size,
nitrogen and calcium retentions, increased cellularity of Peyer's patches, decreased length and
weight of intestine were observed (P < .05).
Presence of phytase activity was higher in condensed cane molasses solubles (CCMS)-
Lactobacillus premix than the carrier (CCMS). Feeding the CCMS-Lacto diets to layers
decreased the pH of the GI tract, increased phytase activities in the GI tract and intestinal
tissues and improved shell thickness and phosphorus retention (P < .05). The production
performance of layers fed .45% and .25% available phosphorus (AP) diets were not different
except for body weight gain. Phosphorus retention was better for layers fed diets containing
.25% AP with CCMS-Lacto than the .45% AP control diet.
According to these studies, feeding Lacto to pullets and layers improved their
performance and the retention of nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen which
subsequently reduced the cost of feeding. / Graduation date: 1994
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The effects of supplemental microbial phytase on nutrient utilization in broiler chickens /Sebastian, Sylvester. January 1996 (has links)
The influence of microbial phytase on growth performance, availability of macro and trace minerals, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent "fecal" digestibility (AFD) of amino acids (AA) and CP were investigated. The optimum level of dietary Ca and P for the maximum efficacy of supplemental phytase in broiler chickens was also studied. Phytase supplementation (600 U/kg) to a low P diet increased $(P 0.05)$ on feed efficiency in broiler chickens at 21 d. The efficacy of phytase, particularly in stimulating growth, was higher in male than female chickens. The relative retention of Ca, P, Cu, Zn and N increased by addition of phytase to a low P diet but phytase had no effect $(P >0.05)$ on the retention of Mg, Mn and Fe. Phytase supplementation increased $(P 0.05)$ on plasma Zn, Cu, and Mg. Phytase increased $(P 0.05)$ on mineral proportions in the tibia ash; however, it increased $(P 0.05)$ on AID of any of the AA in male chickens. Addition of phytase did not have any effect $(P > 0.05)$ on AFD of any of the AA in male chickens but increased $(P 0.05)$ on either AID or AFD of CP and AA at 21-d. In summary, phytase supplementation increased the growth performance, availability of P, Ca, Cu, Zn and N, plasma P, and tibia ash and reduced plasma Ca; it also increased the AID and AFD of most of the AA, particularly in female chickens at 28-d. The efficacy of microbial phytase was high when dietary P and Ca levels were low.
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Factors affecting fat deposition in broiler chickensLaurin, David E. January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
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A comparison of the effects of carbohydrate and fat as energy sources in trout and chick diets on tissue glycogen concentration and on the rate of glycogen depletion from the tissues during a subsequent period of fastHickling, David Robert January 1981 (has links)
Rainbow trout, about one-year-old, were fed diets containing either glucose (C) or herring oil (F) as the non-protein energy source for a period of two weeks. As well, they were fed each diet at satiation (C-2, F-2) and at levels half that (C-l, F-l). The trout were subsequently fasted and sampled for tissue glycogen, protein, dry matter and glucose-6-phosphatase activity at full feeding and at 2, 4, 8, 10, 13 and 16 days of fasting.
The livers of the C-fed fish had 12% wet weight glycogen and the livers of the F-fed fish had 3% wet weight glycogen at full feeding. Upon fasting, glycogen concentrations in the F-fed fish livers fell to basal levels of 1% by 2 days while glycogen concentrations in the C-fed fish livers fell to basal levels only after 10 days.
The protein concentration in the trout livers was inversely related to the glycogen concentration. The amount of liver protein in the trout carcass, however, was directly related to dietary carbohydrate levels.
Trout liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity increased as fasting progressed but there were no treatment differences in enzyme activity.
The muscle of the C-2 fed trout contained .4% glycogen at full feeding. The muscle of the other dietary treatments contained .1-.15% glycogen. It appears that trout muscle stored dietary carbohydrate that was not taken up by the liver or that was not oxidized. Upon fasting there was a depletion in muscle glycogen to basal levels of .05% after
4 days. Thereafter there occurred a rebound in muscle glycogen to levels at or greater than full-fed levels followed by a decline back to basal values. The rebound was greater and peaked earlier (8 days) in the C-fed trout than in the F-fed trout (10 days).
Broiler (BR) and White Leghorn (WL) pullet chicks were fed diets, where 25% of the energy was supplied as corn starch (C) or corn oil (F), for a three-week period. The chicks were then fasted and sampled for tissue glycogen, protein and dry matter at full feeding and at 8, 16, 24, 32, 44, 56, 80, 104 and 128 hours of fasting.
The BR livers contained more glycogen (3%) than the WL livers (2%) and the C-fed chicks had greater liver glycogen concentrations (3%) than the F-fed chicks (2%) at full feeding. Upon fasting, liver glycogen fell to basal levels of .03% after 8 hours. Thereafter there was a rebound increase in liver glycogen levels to a peak of 1% and a subsequent tapering off. The rebound occurred earlier in the C-fed chicks than in the F-fed chicks. The peak was attained earlier in the WL (32-44 hours) than in the BR (50 hours).
The amount of liver protein in the C-fed chicks was higher than that in the F-fed chicks over the entire fasting period.
Chick muscle glycogen concentrations were initially higher in the C-fed than in the F-fed chicks and higher in BR (1.2%) than in WL (.8%). Upon fasting, BR muscle glycogen concentrations were maintained while those of WL fell to .3%. There were erratic fluctuations in muscle glycogen levels. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate
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Factors affecting fat deposition in broiler chickensLaurin, David E. January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
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Comparison of production parameters, gut histology, organ weights, and portion yields of broilers supplemented with Ateli plusTeuchert, Nicole 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Antibiotic growth promoters (AGP’s) have been used in feed of production animals to improve
their growth performance and disease resistance. However, there has been an increase in the
presence of antibiotic residue in animal products, as well as an increase in untreatable illnesses
due to antibiotic resistant bacteria. This led to the European Union banning the use of antibiotic
growth promoters, in production animals, in 2006. An alternative to AGP’s is therefore needed in
animal feed in order to maintain performance. Plant extracts and essential oils have gained
much attention, due to their natural antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticoccidial and antioxidant
properties. This study tested the efficiency of Ateli plus®, an oregano plant extract based
product, as a replacement to AGP’s on production parameters, carcass characteristics and
organ and gut health of broilers.
This study consisted of five treatments fed to broilers from hatch till 33 days of age, fed in three
phases; starter, grower and finisher. The treatment diets consisted of a negative control (no
AGP), positive control (AGP), Ateli plus® at 1kg/ton (Ateli plus® min), Ateli plus® at 2kg/ton for
week one followed by 1kg/ton for the remainder of the period (Ateli plus® max), and AGP plus
Ateli plus® max (AGP plus Ateli plus® max). Results from this study show that there was no difference in performance parameters between
treatments. The performance parameters tested included liveability, average daily gain (ADG),
average weekly feed intake, average cumulative feed intake, average weekly live weight,
average cumulative weight gains, feed conversion ratio (FCR), cumulative FCR and the
European production efficiency factor (EPEF). Broiler breast and thigh muscle pH and colour
(L*, a* and b*) reading values were measured, showing a trend for improved L* colour reading
value and ultimate pH, in broilers supplemented with Ateli plus®. This leads to an increase in
water binding capacity and tenderness, therefore resulting in an improvement in meat quality.
No differences were shown for dressing percentage and portion percentages relative to carcass
weight. No significant differences were seen for tibia bone Ca and P content, or tibia bone fat,
moisture or ash percentages. However a significant decrease in tibia bone strength was found
in all broilers supplemented with Ateli plus® diets and the negative control diet, compared to
AGP supplemented broilers. Gut morphology showed no consistent effect of treatment on villi
height or crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. No significant differences between
treatments were found for organ pH or organ weights, except the gizzard, which was heavier for
Ateli plus® max supplemented broilers.
Ateli plus® shows promise on improving meat quality characteristics of broilers, however the
significant decrease in tibia bone strength in Ateli plus® supplemented broilers is a major
concern and needs to be researched further. Ateli plus® acts as a good AGP replacement, as
broiler performance for the Ateli plus® supplemented broilers was maintained, and not decreased, when compared to the AGP supplemented broilers. However, the broilers fed the
negative control diet had performance parameters statistically equal to both the Ateli plus® and
AGP supplemented broilers, as well as no significant differences between organ weights were
found. It can therefore be said that the broilers were raised under good management, and their
optimal environmental conditions. Therefore conclusive effectiveness of Ateli plus® as a
replacement for AGP on broiler performance cannot be reported from this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Antibiotiese groeistimulante (AGP’s) word gereeld as voerbymiddels vir diere gebruik om groei
en siekte weerstandbiedenheid te verbeter. Die verbod op die gebruik van antibiotika as 'n
groeipromotor in die Europese Unie (sedert 2006) kan toegeskryf word aan die toename in
onbehandelbare siektes as gevolg van weerstandbiedende bakterieë, asook die
teenwoordigheid van residue in die dierlike produkte. Alternatiewe vir AGP’s in dierevoeding
word dus benodig om produksie te handhaaf. Plant ekstrakte en essensiële olies het baie
aandag gekry as gevolg van hul natuurlike antimikrobiese, antibakteriële, antikoksidiese en
antioksidatiewe eienskappe.
'n Studie is gedoen om die doeltreffendheid van Ateli plus® ('n origanum plant ekstrak
gebaseerde produk) op groei produksie parameters, karkaseienskappe, orgaan- en
dermgesondheid te bepaal wanneer Ateli plus® as 'n AGP plaasvervanger in die dieëte van
braaikuikens gebruik word. Gedurende die proef was vyf verskillende diëte/behandelings vir 33
dae vir braaikuikens gevoer. Die behandelings het bestaan uit 'n negatiewe kontrole (geen
AGP), positiewe kontrole (AGP), Ateli plus® teen 1kg/ton (Ateli plus min), Ateli plus® teen
2kg/ton vir die eerste week gevolg deur 1kg/ton vir die res van die tydperk (Ateli plus® max), en
AGP plus Ateli plus® max (AGP plus Ateli plus® max). Resultate van hierdie studie toon dat behandelings nie 'n effek op produksie parameters gehad
het nie. Die groei produksie parameters wat getoets is sluit in oorlewing, gemiddelde daaglikse
toename (GDT), die gemiddelde weeklikse voer-inname, gemiddelde kumulatiewe voerinname,
gemiddelde weeklikse lewendige massa, gemiddelde kumulatiewe gewig toename,
voeromsetverhouding (VOV) en die Europese produksie doeltreffendheid faktor (EPEF). Die
pH en kleur (L*,a* en b* waardes) van die dy- en borsspier is gemeet. Ateli plus® aanvulling in
braaikuiken diëte het 'n tendens getoon vir verbeterde L * en finale pH waardes in die spiere,
wat lei tot 'n toename in waterhouvermoë en sagtheid en dus verbeterde vleiskwaliteit. Geen
verskille tussen behandelings is gevind vir uitslagpersentasie en die massa van porsies
(uitgedruk as persentasie relatief tot karkasgewig) nie. Behandelings het nie 'n effek op die vet,
vog, as persentasies of Ca- en P-inhoud van die tibia gehad nie.
In vergelyking met AGP aangevulde braaikuikens, is 'n beduidende afname in die tibia
breeksterkte van kuikens in die negatiwe kontrole groep en kuikens wat met Ateli plus®
aangevul is, gevind. Spysverteringskanaal morfologie het getoon dat behandeling geen
konsekwente effek op villi hoogte of krip diepte van die duodenum, jejunum en ileum gehad het
nie. Slegs die krop massas van kuikens wat met Ateli plus® max aangevul is, was swaarder in
vergelyking met hoenders in die ander behandelings; verder is geen beduidende verskille
tussen behandelings gevind vir orgaan pH of orgaan gewigte nie.
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