This paper is describing the issues of data collection in power distribution networks. It discusses the posibilities of data communication over wide area networks using the communication protocol IEC 60870-5-104, used in power distribution systems for transmission of information over IP networks. Thesis presents 4 technologies, suitable for data collection, with respect to the use of existing infrastructure of the utility. It focuses on design of appropriate data types in correspondence with used IEC 60870-5-104 protocol, and estimates the minimum data requirements for transmission, through proposed hierarchical network, with collecting data concentrators. For verification of given design, simulations are carried out based on proposed data loads with subsequent analysis of network load and transmission delays. Consequently, the results are analyzed and selected parts of network optimized for improvement od selected results, of which causes of formation are discussed in debate.

Confronté à un contexte de stagnation globale de la consommation d'électricité mais avec un potentiel important de développement de nouveaux usages, ainsi qu'à l'apparition d'unités de production dispersée sur le territoire, le principal gestionnaire de réseau de distribution français a besoin d'expliciter ce que sont ses grands choix de structure et de règles d'exploitation, et de les comparer avec les distributeurs étrangers. Les principes de construction du réseau ont un impact sur la capacité à intégrer les nouvelles installations de consommation ou de production à moindre cout, et à assurer les exigences sociétales,notamment pour ce qui concerne la continuité de fourniture. Cette thèse permet de comparer ces choix techniques majeurs avec les pratiques rencontrées à l'étranger, pour situer le réseau français et ses spécificités dans un environnement technique international.Après avoir arrêté une perspective de développement des usages et des productions en France sur la base notamment des textes législatifs, l'architecture du réseau de distribution français est décrite. Les différences fonctionnelles de choix de structure dans le monde sont alors analysés, en soulignant les conséquences dans le dimensionnement par rapport au cas français. Puis l'équilibre entre niveaux de tension est questionné, ainsi que les effet des caractéristiques du territoire sur le réseau. Enfin, des choix techniques nouveaux sont proposés après analyse des points forts et des points faibles des variantes existant dans le monde. / Faced to a context of a global lack of growth in electricity consumption, but with many potential development of new uses, added with the appearance of more and more dispersed generation, the main French distribution grid utility needs to question and compare its choicesconcerning grid structure and exploitation practices. Grid building principles have a greatimpact over its capacity to integrate at low cost consumption and production facilities, whilemeeting society needs, mainly continuity of supply. This work allows to compare thosetechnical choices between France and other countries, to determine where French utilitystands and what are its specific features in a worldwide technical environment.After setting a perspective about uses and production development, mainly on the basis of French legislation, the overall distribution grid architecture is described. Functional differences in structure choices in the world are then analysed, their consequences in thesizing of equipments is underlined. Then the equilibrium between voltage levels is questioned,as the effect of territorial features on the grid. Finally, new technical choices are proposed after advantages and drawbacks analysis of existing world grids.

Continued increase in system load leading to a reduction in operating margins, as well as the tendency to move towards a deregulated grid with renewable energy sources has increased the vulnerability of the grid to blackouts. Advanced intelligent techniques are therefore required to design new monitoring schemes that enable smart grid operation in a secure and robust manner. As the grid is highly interconnected, monitoring of transmission and distribution systems is increasingly relying on digital communication. Conventional security assessment techniques are slow, hampering real-time decision making. Hence, there is a need to develop fast and accurate security monitoring techniques. Intelligent techniques that are capable of processing large amounts of captured data are finding increasing scope as essential enablers for the smart grid. The research work presented in this thesis has evolved from the need for enhanced monitoring in transmission and distribution grids. The potential of intelligent techniques for enhanced system monitoring has been demonstrated for disturbed scenarios in an integrated power system. In transmission grids, one of the challenging problems is network partitioning, also known as network area-decomposition. In this thesis, an approach based on relative electrical distance (RED) has been devised to construct zonal dynamic equivalents such that the dynamic characteristics of the original system are retained in the equivalent system within the desired accuracy. Identification of coherent generators is another key aspect in power system dynamics. In this thesis, a support vector clustering-based coherency identification technique is proposed for large interconnected multi-machine power systems. The clustering technique is based on coherency measure which is formulated using the generator rotor measurements. These rotor measurements can be obtained with the help of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). In distribution grids, accurate and fast fault identification of faults is a key challenge. Hence, an automated fault diagnosis technique based on multi class support vector machines (SVMs) has been developed in this thesis. The proposed fault location scheme is capable of accurately identify the fault type, location of faulted line section and the fault impedance in the distributed generation (DG) systems. The proposed approach is based on the three phase voltage and current measurements available at all the sources i.e. substation and at the connection points of DGs. An approach for voltage instability monitoring in 3-phase distribution systems has also been proposed in this thesis. The conventional single phase L-index measure has been extended to a 3-phase system to incorporate information pertaining to unbalance in the distribution system. All the approaches proposed in this thesis have been validated using standard IEEE test systems and also on practical Indian systems.