Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-26T15:34:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagorodriguesoliveira.pdf: 11824049 bytes, checksum: ab8b7db8e1cc38ac7c875396e2379120 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: Consertar sobrenome orientador on 2016-03-03T14:07:28Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-03T14:41:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagorodriguesoliveira.pdf: 11824049 bytes, checksum: ab8b7db8e1cc38ac7c875396e2379120 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T01:46:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagorodriguesoliveira.pdf: 11824049 bytes, checksum: ab8b7db8e1cc38ac7c875396e2379120 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T01:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thiagorodriguesoliveira.pdf: 11824049 bytes, checksum: ab8b7db8e1cc38ac7c875396e2379120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Essa tese de doutorado apresenta, inicialmente, uma metodologia a ser empregada para a caracterização de redes de energia elétrica para fins de comunicação de dados. Esta metodologia engloba todos os procedimentos e ferramentas de processamento de sinais necessárias para a estimação de características importantes para a avaliação de canais de comunicação de dados. Em seguida, são apresentados resultados da aplicação de tal metodologia em dados provenientes de uma campanha de medição realizada em ambientes internos em residências brasileiras. Algumas características importantes desses canais, tais como ganho médio, banda de coerência, tempo de coerência, o valor quadrático médio do espalhamento de atraso, capacidade do canal e densidade espectral de potência do ruído, são analizadas considerando três bandas de frequência: de 1,7 até 30 MHz, de 1,7 até 50 MHz e de 1,7 até 100 MHz. Comparando os resultados de canais power line communication (PLC) em ambientes residenciais brasileiros com aqueles medidos em outros países, tais como Espanha, Estados Unidos, França e Itália, podemos notar que canais PLC brasileiros apresentam, em geral, menores atenuações, são menos seletivos em frequência e possuem menores espalhamentos de atraso. Por fim, um novo meio de comunicação baseada nas tecnologias PLC e sem fio é apresentada e definida como híbrido PLC-sem fio o qual permite a comunicação física e à distância com a rede de energia elétrica para fins de comunicação de dados. Tal canal de comunicação é avaliado em residências brasileiras e importantes características são extraídas e discutidas. Embora o canal híbrido PLC-sem fio tenha se mostrado mais adverso que o canal PLC para a comunicação de dados, a introdução da mobilidade, de uma forma que é impossível de se obter em sistemas puramente PLC, constitui sua principal vantagem. Essa mobilidade é um importante atrativo que coloca sistemas híbridos em uma posição privilegiada dentre os candidatos para compor a infraestrutura de telecomunicações em redes inteligentes (smart grids), ou para ser usada como uma ferramenta para promover a inclusão digital da população carente de países pobres ou em desenvolvimento. / This work outlines initially a methodology to be applied to the characterization of electric power grids for data communication purposes. This methodology englobes all the procedures and required signal processing tools for a reliable estimation of features that allow the suitability of a media for data communication. Next, PLC (power line communication) channel results provided by the use of such methodology in a data set obtained from a measurement campaing in in-home Brazilian places are presented. The analyzed channel features are the average channel gain, the coherence bandwidth, the coherence time, the root mean squared delay spread, the channel capacity and the noise power spectral density by considering the following frequency bands: from 1.7 up to 30 MHz, from 1.7 up to 50 MHz and from 1.7 up to 100 MHz. Comparisons among the results for in-home Brazilian PLC channels with other provided for other countries such as Spain, United States, France and Italy showed that, in general, in-home Brazilian PLC channels present smaller attenuation, are less frequency selective and showed smaller delay spread than these countries. Finally, a new medium to provide data communication is presented and defined as hybrid PLC-wireless, in which PLC and wireless technologies are combined. Such novel communication channel is characterized in in-home Brazilian places and important channel features are estimated and discussed. Though the hybrid PLC-wireless channel has been shown more adverse than the PLC channel, the introduction of mobility is its main advantage, something that is impossible in traditional PLC technologies. Thus, this mobility is an important issue that puts hybrid PLC-wireless technologies in a privileged position among the candidates to form the communication infrastructure for smart grids, or to be used as a too to solve the digital divide problem that is more accentuated in poor and in developing countries.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-28T20:18:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermeribeirocolen.pdf: 4525385 bytes, checksum: e90d041d33c901d139d8476b96e02078 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-29T11:52:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermeribeirocolen.pdf: 4525385 bytes, checksum: e90d041d33c901d139d8476b96e02078 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T11:52:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 guilhermeribeirocolen.pdf: 4525385 bytes, checksum: e90d041d33c901d139d8476b96e02078 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese concentra-se na redução da complexidade computacional e na necessidade de largura de banda associada com a utilização de técnicas de alocação de recursos em sistemas de comuniação via rede elétrica (power line communication – PLC) com base no esquema de multiplexação por divisão ortogonal na frequência (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing – OFDM). Neste contexto, é introduzida a técnica sub-ótima chamada de temporal compressive resource allocation (TCRA). Esta técnica é capaz de explorar a relação existente entre microslots (exploração no domínio do tempo) para reduzir o número de vezes por segundo que alocação de recursos é executada. Além disso, é proposto um novo parâmetro, denominado de banda de coerência da relação sinal ruído normalizada (normalized signal to noise ratio – nSNR) para informar precisamente a planicidade da nSNR. A eficácia deste parâmetro é comparada com a banda de coerência. Diante disto, sua modelagem estatística para ambientes in-home, outdoor de baixa tensão e PLC-wireless é apresentada considerando distribuições de componentes individuais e misturas de Gaussianas. Com base na definição da banda de coerência da nSNR, é descrita a técnica sub-ótima denominada spectral compressive resource allocation (SCRA). Ela explora a relação existente entre os sub-canais adjacentes (exploração no domínio da frequência) para reduzir a dimensão do vector de nSNR, que é a principal informação de entrada para a técnicas de alocação de recursos. Com base no fato de que a geometria de tiles associadas com a transformada de Fourier discreta limita os ganhos associados com o uso da técnica SCRA em conjunto com o esquema OFDM, é introduzido pela primeira vez o esquema chamado multiplexação por divisão ortogonal no tempo-frequência (orthogonal time-frequency division multiplexing – OTFDM). Este esquema se baseia na transformada ortogonal de Stockwell discreta para oferecer diferentes geometrias de tiles e funciona tanto para comunicação de dados em banda de base quanto em banda passante. Os resultados numéricos baseados em canais PLC medidos e no uso de protótipo de transceptores PLC mostram que as técnicas TCRA e SCRA podem trocar redução de complexidade computacional por perda de taxa de transmissão e que economia de complexidade computacional relevante pode ser realizada com baixas perdas na taxa de transmissão. Ademais, os resultados numéricos mostram que o esquema OTFDM pode ser superado pelo esquema de OFDM se a informação de estado de canal não está disponível no lado do transmissor. No entanto, a disponibilidade de tais informações no lado do transmissor permite a utilização do esquema OTFDM em conjunto com a técnica SCRA atingir uma melhoria notável em comparação com o esquema OFDM trabalhando com a técnica SCRA. / This dissertation focuses on the computational complexity reduction and on the need for network bandwidth associated with the use of resource allocation techniques in power line communication (PLC) system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. In this context, the so-called temporal compressive resource allocation (TCRA) technique, which is a sub-optimal technique, is introduced. The TCRA is capable of exploiting the existing relationship among microslots (time domain exploitation) to reduce the number of times per second the resource allocation technique is executed. Also, a noval parameter, called nSNR coherence bandwidth, that precisely informs the flatness of the normalized signal to noise ratio (nSNR) is proposed. The effectiveness of this parameter is compared to the coherence bandwidth. Also, its statistical modeling for in-home, outdoor and low-voltage, and hybrid PLC-wireless channels with single-component and Gaussian mixture distributions is presented. Based on the nSNR coherence bandwidth definition, the spectral compressive resource allocation (SCRA) technique, which is a suboptimal technique, is outlined. The SCRA technique exploits the existing relationship among adjacent subchannels (frequency domain exploitation) to reduce the dimensionality of the nSNR vector, which is the main feeding information for the resource allocation technique. Based on the fact that the geometry of the tiles associated with the discrete Fourier transform limits the gains associated with the use of the SCRA together with the OFDM scheme, the so-called orthogonal time-frequency division multiplexing (OTFDM) scheme is, for the first time, introduced. The OTDFM scheme, which is based on the discrete orthogonal Stockwell transform, offers different tile geometries and works in both baseband and passband data communications. Numerical results based on measured PLC channels and the use of prototype of PLC transceivers show that TCRA and SCRA techniques can trade computational complexity reduction with data rate loss and relevant computational complexity savings may be accomplished with low data rate losses. Moreover, the numerical results show that the OTFDM scheme may be outperformed by the OFDM scheme if channel state information is not available at the transmitter side; however, the availability of such information at the transmitter side allow the use of the OTFDM scheme together with the SCRAs achieve remarkable improvement in comparison with OFDM scheme working with the SCRA technique.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-21T13:33:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andreicamponogara.pdf: 136426958 bytes, checksum: 46cc006b7976ec02d48cf7b3ce754288 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T13:17:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andreicamponogara.pdf: 136426958 bytes, checksum: 46cc006b7976ec02d48cf7b3ce754288 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T13:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andreicamponogara.pdf: 136426958 bytes, checksum: 46cc006b7976ec02d48cf7b3ce754288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir a caracterização da rede de energia elétrica que alimenta os equipamentos de instrumentação de uma aeronave de ensaios de voo. Para a caracterização desses canais, uma campanha de medição foi realizada dentro da aeronave, de forma que dois arranjos de cabos foram adotados. Um representa a topologia em árvore, típica em aeronaves, enquanto que o segundo refere-se a uma proposta, a qual tem por objetivo compensar os problemas causados pelo modo comum através da redução do efeito de multi-percurso. No intuito de auxiliar o desenvolvimento das novas gerações de tecnologia de comunicação via rede de energia elétrica (power line communication -PLC) para aeronave e levando em conta o padrão aeronáutico RTCA/DO-160G, análises dos canais PLC medidos são realizadas em termos de ganho médio do canal, raiz quadrada do atraso médio de propagação, tempo de coerência, banda de coerência e capacidade do canal. Em relação ao ruído aditivo medido, análises da densidade espectral de potência e informações estatísticas são descritas. Além disso, distribuições de probabilidade são consideradas para modelá-lo e parâmetros do ruído impulsivo são discutidos. Em seguida, análises da impedância de acesso mostram importantes características dos cabos de ener-gia elétrica utilizados para alimentar os equipamentos de instrumentação da aeronave de ensaios de voo. Por fim, comparações entre os canais PLC medidos em residências Brasilei-ras mostram que a tecnologia PLC disponível no mercado (desenvolvida para residências) é útil para aplicações em aeronave. / This dissertation aims to discuss the characterization of the flight test aircraft power line channels related to the 28 Vdc electric power grids designed to supply energy to the in-strumentation equipments. For characterizing these channels, a measurement campaign was carried out aboard an aircraft and two data communication configurations of power lines were taken into account. While one represents a typical aircraft tree-shape topology of cable bundles, the second one is a proposal aiming at compensating the common-mode problems by reducing the multipath effects. In the light of aeronautic standard RTCA/DO-160G, analyses of measured power line communication (PLC) channels in terms of average channel gain, root mean square - delay spread, coherence time, coher-ence bandwidth, and channel capacity gives some directions to design novel generations of PLC technology for aircraft applications. Regarding the measured additive noises, anal-yses based on power spectral density and evaluated statistic information are addressed. Moreover, symmetric statistical distributions are considered to model the measured addi-tive noise. In addition, parameters of impulsive presence in the measured additive noise are discussed, and analysis of the access impedance shows some important characteristics of typical power lines used to supply energy to instrumentation equipments in a flight test aircraft. Finally, a comparison with the Brazilian in-home PLC channels shows that the PLC technology on-the-shelf (designed for in-home PLC) is also useful for aircraft applications.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-03-23T12:51:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vinciuslagrotarodriguesdacosta.pdf: 1396401 bytes, checksum: cb024a49d0816c8df51709de3243f9be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-03-23T13:03:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vinciuslagrotarodriguesdacosta.pdf: 1396401 bytes, checksum: cb024a49d0816c8df51709de3243f9be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T13:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vinciuslagrotarodriguesdacosta.pdf: 1396401 bytes, checksum: cb024a49d0816c8df51709de3243f9be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Esta dissertação descreve o protótipo de um transceptor banda estreita (narrowband - NB) hybrid power line communication (PLC)/Wireless (NB hybrid PLC/Wireless), o qual utiliza a rede de energia elétrica e o ar, em paralelo, para transmissão de dados, visando aplicações de redes inteligentes (smart grid - SG) e Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT). Nesse protótipo é introduzida uma versão aprimorada e adaptada do padrão IEEE 1901.2, contemplando a subcamada de controle de acesso ao meio (medium access control - MAC) e da camada física (physical - PHY) para transmissão de dados por ambos os meios de comunicação. O aprimoramento é baseado no uso da transformada de Hilbert para a recuperação da informação em quadratura em ambos os canais, possibilitando a estimação do desvio de frequência entre os clocks do transmissor e do receptor. Uma das adaptações no padrão IEEE 1901.2 é a introdução do protocolo de roteamento, o qual possibilita o transceptor a se comunicar com nós a dois ou mais saltos de distância entre eles. A outra adaptação é a implementação de uma técnica de correção de pacotes com erro a nível de camada de enlace, a qual combina os pacotes com erros recebidos pelas interfaces PLC e/ou wireless e corrige-os, dentro de uma certa capacidade. Importante ressaltar que o transceptor NB hybrid PLC/Wireless é capaz de interoperar com o transceptor NB PLC baseados no padrão IEEE 1901.2. O protótipo do transceptor NB hybrid PLC/Wireless é implementado usando um dispositivo field-programmable gate array (FPGA) usando uma linguagem descritiva de hardware (hardware description language - HDL), buscando-se a economia de recursos de hardware. Os resultados numéricos discutem o tempo necessário para execução da técnica de correção de pacotes com erros, levando em consideração as restrições de tempo do padrão IEEE 1901.2. Além disso, uma análise de taxa de dados na camada PHY mostra que a implementação está de acordo com o padrão IEEE 1901.2 e pode perfeitamente satisfazer as necessidades de aplicações para SG e IoT. Ademais, a análise do uso de recursos de hardware e do consumo de energia mostram que o protótipo do transceptor NB hybrid PLC/Wireless demanda menos que uma vez e meia os recursos de hardware e o consumo de energia do protótipo do transceptor NB PLC. / This thesis focuses on a prototype of the so-called narrowband (NB) hybrid power line communication (PLC)/Wireless transceiver, which jointly uses power line and wireless channels, in parallel, for data communication related to smart grid (SG) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To build the prototype, it is introduced an enhanced and adapted version of the IEEE 1901.2 Standard to implement the medium access control (MAC) sublayer and the physical (PHY) layer to transmit data through both channels. The enhancement is based on the use of the Hilbert transform to recover the quadrature information from both channels, enabling to estimate the frequency deviation between the transmitter and receiver’s clocks. One adaptation in the IEEE 1901.2 Standard is the introduction of a routing protocol, which enables the transceivers to communication with nodes two hops or farther from each other. The other adaptation is the implementation of a packet error correction technique at the link layer level, which combines packets with errors received from PLC and wireless media and correct them, under certain constraint. Moreover, relevant is the fact that the NB hybrid PLC/Wireless transceiver is compatible with the NB PLC transceiver based on the IEEE 1901.2 Standard. The NB hybrid PLC/Wireless transceiver prototype is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device and details about the implementation, using a hardware description language (HDL), are provided, highlighting the pursuit of hardware resource savings. Numeric results discuss the time analysis of the packet error correction technique, calculating its maximum capacity of correction taking into account the IEEE 1901.2 Standard time constraints. Furthermore, a PHY layer data-rate analysis shows that the implementation agree with the IEEE 1901.2 Standard and can perfectly satisfy the needs of SG and IoT applications. In addition, the hardware resource usage and power consumption analysis show that the NB hybrid PLC/Wireless transceiver prototype demands less than one and a half times the hardware resource usage and power consumption of the NB PLC transceiver prototype.

This document discusses the concept of drivers implemented within the context of the REMPLI (Real-Time Energy Management over Power line and Internet, see section 1.8.) network. The process image approach and the tunnelling approach are presented and reasoning is given why the tunnelling approach is preferred. Each of the drivers implemented is associated with a specific metering protocol. This document further discusses the general architecture of such a driver structure. The generic software architecture serves as a framework for integrating serial communication based metering protocols over packet-orientated remote networks and meters, by tunnelling the protocol data units to the remote meters. Principally each Protocol Driver consists of three parts, one part situated at the Application Server, one at the Access Point and one at the Node. This document then gives a description of the general driver structure within the REMPLI network and briefly explains the functions of all the modules contained within the driver structure. An example is used to show how these modules, which make up the software architecture of the Protocol Driver, are used to send an application generated request from the Application Server to the Metering Equipment and sending the response back from the remote Metering Equipment to the Application Server. This dissertation further discusses the need for address translation within the REMPLI network and the need to restrict access to meters by using these addresses and an access control list. This document also discusses the need for a “Keep-alive” signalling scheme, if supported by the underlying protocol and gives a general concept as to how it should be implemented. The role of an Optimization Module is also discussed for low bandwidth networks by means of an M-Bus example. Finally the M-Bus protocol driver implementation is discussed. The results achieved are presented, showing that the driver architecture can successfully be used to tunnel the M-Bus protocol to remote meters, provided the underlying network conforms to the quality of service requirements determined by the implemented metering protocol. The work proposed in this document started off as part of the REMPLI project by the REMPLI team but was completed independently. / Dissertation (MEng (Computer Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

This thesis deals with transmission of data over power-line. There is theoretically described PLC technology and its classification, properties and used modulation techniques. A substantial part is focused on the mathematical description of distribution network using two methods, with multipath propagation and ABCD matrix. These methods are mutually compared. Furthermore, they are examined depending on the transfer functions of the topology and capabilities for unknown topology. Calculations of transfer functions are implemented using Matlab. The results were then processed graphically and evaluated.

This master’s thesis deals with design and implementation of electric energy meter with support of automatic remote data collection. For the collecting of measured data is used narrowband PLC technology. The theoretical part describes the basic properties and standards of narrowband PLC technology, such as types of coupling circuits, modulations, frequency bands and interference problems. In the practical part, there is description of selected parts, such as control circuit power meter, modem, microcontroller and UART to USB converter. There are further described basic properties of narrowband PLC modem ST7570 by STMicroelectronics. The final chapter, implementation of the device, deals with designs of circuit PLC modem ST7570, power meter ADE7753 and converter USB to UART CP2102.

Diploma thesis is about narrowband PLC communication standards. The theoretical part describes details of all available OFDM standards including G3-PLC, PRIME, IEEE-1901.2 and G.hnem. The practical part deals with PRIME and G3-PLC standards. In this part is also compared OFDM technology with system of single carrier frequency in environment with real interferences. The last part describes developement of two firmwares for PLC modems Texas Instruments TMDSPLCKIT-V3, which allow UART communication and remote data collection. The thesis also includes Windows application developed to display and save collected data.

This thesis describes the design of a modem for a communication over residential power lines. First part is focused on the history, suitable frequency bands, modulation techniques and mainly on the selection of the optimal modem device. Second section contains the description of the hardware design of the modem itself and clarifies the implementation of the PLC module to be used as a communication interface for a full residential automation solution. Last chapters of this thesis introduce the communication protocol, design of the software for the ATmega32 MCU and present of the final field testing under real conditions.

The theses is focused on the use of PLC technology. The aim of the thesis is creating device which communicates in a narrowband transmission frequency band. Transmission of communication between plc elements runs through the low voltage distribution network. The frequency and phase modulations are used in order to change the character of data signal. Transmitter and receiver parameters are subjects to the CENELEC standard. The theses gives more attention to the area of hardware build communication element rather than the area of programming.