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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Measurement system for fast power and energy rating of photovoltaic devices

Bliss, Martin January 2011 (has links)
This thesis presents a new type of solar simulator and new measurement methods that allow for fast power rating of photovoltaic devices and for fast performance measurements for energy rating and energy yield predictions indoors under controlled, and more realistically simulated outdoor conditions. A novel indoor measurement system for photovoltaic device characterisation based on light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light sources is described. The solar simulator is capable of reproducing spectral changes seen in natural sunlight, with its intricacies of variable air mass and weather conditions, to a better match than previously possible. Furthermore, it allows measurements under varying light intensity and device temperature. The prototype LED-based solar simulator developed is characterised and its measurement quality is analysed. The system achieves a class BAA solar simulator classification with a class B spectral match, class A light intensity uniformity and a class A temporal stability. It is the first system of its kind that meets the standards of a solar simulator in spectral match to the standard sunlight spectrum and in terms of minimum light intensity. An uncertainty analysis shows that calibration uncertainty for crystalline silicon solar cells is 5% in maximum power with a 95.45% level of confidence. Recommendations for further versions of the solar simulator are given and show potential of reducing this uncertainty down to 2.9% across all measurement spectra (1.8% with a primary calibrated reference cell). A new method for automated power-rating of single- and multi-junction devices is developed. The method uses a unique spectral response measurement and fitting method. It eliminates the need of external measurement equipment for determining spectral response. A simulated characterisation of an amorphous silicon single- and double-junction solar cell show accuracy of better than 0.5% in maximum power. First measurements on the LED-based solar simulator show a measurement error of 4.5% in maximum power, which is due to a lack of measurement feedback of spectral output and measurement irradiance. The first three-dimensional performance matrix for use in photovoltaic energy rating is reported, utilising the LED-based solar simulator. Device characteristics are measured indoors under varying irradiance, temperature and spectrum. A measurement method is detailed and utilised on a crystalline and amorphous silicon solar cell. It allows for the first time a direct investigation of spectral effects on photovoltaic devices under controlled conditions. Results show that amorphous silicon devices are very sensitive to changes in spectrum. Thus, spectral effects should not be neglected in energy yield predictions for such devices.
2

Heating Power of Coated FeCoV Magnetic Nanoparticles

Alshammari, Hanaa Ali 31 May 2016 (has links)
No description available.
3

Ecofisiologia de espécies de plantas daninhas submetidas a estresse hídrico e à reidratação / Ecophysiology of weed under water stress and rehydration

Lima, Mayky Francley Pereira de 23 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaykyFPL_Dissert.pdf: 583480 bytes, checksum: b5156cac19b83224804fef6b4df642d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / There is no doubt that the effect of weed causes damage to various human activities and especially those for agricultural use. Therefore, if not properly handled, can reduce productivity and production quality due to competition for light, nutrients, and especially water, which is the most abundant resource, while the most limiting to agricultural productivity. This study aimed to assess the potential for competition four weed species by water. The experiment was conducted in a factorial 4 x 2, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. were studied species malva-branca (Waltheria indica L.); crotalária (Crotalaria retusa L.); mussambê (Cleome affinis DC.) and trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.), with two water regimes (with and without water stress). Plants subjected to water stress had suspended irrigation during flowering, and maintained until the CO2 assimilation rate of plants to morning 9am reached values close to zero, at the resumed irrigation. As from the date irrigation suspension the plants were submitted to the following evaluations: water potential before dawn (ΨAM) and water potential at noon (ΨMD) (MPa); photosynthesis (A; CO2 μmol m-2); stomatal conductance (gs; μmol H2O m-2 s-1), and transpiration (E; mmol H2O m-2 s-1) carried out every day until the photosynthetic rates of plants subjected to water stress is to equalize plants without stress. At the end of the experiment was measured leaf area (cm2), the dry mass of roots, stems, leaves and total (g), the chlorophyll content index near the apex of the leaves and the next leaves the base. Was also determined daily water consumption species (mL). The results grouped the plants into two groups: trapoeraba and mussambê, considered conservative, keeping the high water potential and transpiration, being uncompetitive by water, and crotalária and malva-branca, medium investors, able to reduce the water potential and stomatal aperture values higher, resulting in greater potential for competition for water. And in low water availability conditions, the mauve-white is the most competitive for water, because it can maintain high water consumption levels over time / Não há dúvidas de que a interferência das plantas daninhas causa prejuízos a diversas atividades do ser humano e principalmente aquelas destinadas à agricultura. Por isso, se não forem manejadas adequadamente, podem reduzir a produtividade e a qualidade da produção, devido à competição por luz, nutrientes e principalmente água, que é o recurso mais abundante e, ao mesmo tempo, o mais limitante à produtividade agrícola. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de competição de quatro espécies de plantas daninhas por água. O experimento foi conduzido no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, distribuídos no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Foram estudadas as espécies malva-branca (Waltheria indica L.); crotalária (Crotalaria retusa L.); mussambê (Cleome affinis DC.) e trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.)], com dois regimes hídricos (com e sem estresse hídrico). As plantas submetidas ao estresse hídrico tiveram a irrigação suspensa por ocasião do florescimento, e mantida até a taxa de assimilação de CO2 das plantas às 9h da manhã atingisse valores próximos a zero, quando foi retomada a irrigação. A partir da data da suspensão da irrigação as plantas foram submetidas às seguintes avaliações: potencial hídrico antes do amanhecer (ΨAM) e potencial hídrico ao meio dia (ΨMD) (MPa); fotossíntese (A; μmol CO2 m-2); condutância estomática (gs; μmol H2O m-2 s-1), e a transpiração (E; mmol H2O m-2 s-1) realizadas todos os dias até que as taxas de fotossíntese das plantas submetidas ao estresse hídrico se igualassem à das plantas sem estresse. Ao final do experimento foi mensurada a área foliar (cm2), a massa seca das raízes, caules, folhas e total (g), o Índice de conteúdo de clorofila das folhas próximas ao ápice e das folhas próximas a base. Também foi determinado o consumo de água diário das espécies (mL). Os resultados permitiram agrupar as plantas em dois grupos: trapoeraba e mussambê, consideradas como conservadoras, mantendo o potencial hídrico alto e com baixa transpiração, sendo pouco competitivas por água, e crotalária e malva-branca, medianamente investidoras, capazes de reduzir o potencial hídrico e com valores de abertura estomática mais altos, implicando em maior potencial de competição por água. E em condições de baixa disponibilidade de água, a malva-branca é a mais competitiva por água, pois consegue manter altos valores de consumo de água por mais tempo
4

Ecofisiologia de espécies de plantas daninhas submetidas a estresse hídrico e à reidratação / Ecophysiology of weed under water stress and rehydration

Lima, Mayky Francley Pereira de 23 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaykyFPL_Dissert.pdf: 583480 bytes, checksum: b5156cac19b83224804fef6b4df642d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / There is no doubt that the effect of weed causes damage to various human activities and especially those for agricultural use. Therefore, if not properly handled, can reduce productivity and production quality due to competition for light, nutrients, and especially water, which is the most abundant resource, while the most limiting to agricultural productivity. This study aimed to assess the potential for competition four weed species by water. The experiment was conducted in a factorial 4 x 2, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. were studied species malva-branca (Waltheria indica L.); crotalária (Crotalaria retusa L.); mussambê (Cleome affinis DC.) and trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.), with two water regimes (with and without water stress). Plants subjected to water stress had suspended irrigation during flowering, and maintained until the CO2 assimilation rate of plants to morning 9am reached values close to zero, at the resumed irrigation. As from the date irrigation suspension the plants were submitted to the following evaluations: water potential before dawn (ΨAM) and water potential at noon (ΨMD) (MPa); photosynthesis (A; CO2 μmol m-2); stomatal conductance (gs; μmol H2O m-2 s-1), and transpiration (E; mmol H2O m-2 s-1) carried out every day until the photosynthetic rates of plants subjected to water stress is to equalize plants without stress. At the end of the experiment was measured leaf area (cm2), the dry mass of roots, stems, leaves and total (g), the chlorophyll content index near the apex of the leaves and the next leaves the base. Was also determined daily water consumption species (mL). The results grouped the plants into two groups: trapoeraba and mussambê, considered conservative, keeping the high water potential and transpiration, being uncompetitive by water, and crotalária and malva-branca, medium investors, able to reduce the water potential and stomatal aperture values higher, resulting in greater potential for competition for water. And in low water availability conditions, the mauve-white is the most competitive for water, because it can maintain high water consumption levels over time / Não há dúvidas de que a interferência das plantas daninhas causa prejuízos a diversas atividades do ser humano e principalmente aquelas destinadas à agricultura. Por isso, se não forem manejadas adequadamente, podem reduzir a produtividade e a qualidade da produção, devido à competição por luz, nutrientes e principalmente água, que é o recurso mais abundante e, ao mesmo tempo, o mais limitante à produtividade agrícola. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de competição de quatro espécies de plantas daninhas por água. O experimento foi conduzido no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, distribuídos no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Foram estudadas as espécies malva-branca (Waltheria indica L.); crotalária (Crotalaria retusa L.); mussambê (Cleome affinis DC.) e trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.)], com dois regimes hídricos (com e sem estresse hídrico). As plantas submetidas ao estresse hídrico tiveram a irrigação suspensa por ocasião do florescimento, e mantida até a taxa de assimilação de CO2 das plantas às 9h da manhã atingisse valores próximos a zero, quando foi retomada a irrigação. A partir da data da suspensão da irrigação as plantas foram submetidas às seguintes avaliações: potencial hídrico antes do amanhecer (ΨAM) e potencial hídrico ao meio dia (ΨMD) (MPa); fotossíntese (A; μmol CO2 m-2); condutância estomática (gs; μmol H2O m-2 s-1), e a transpiração (E; mmol H2O m-2 s-1) realizadas todos os dias até que as taxas de fotossíntese das plantas submetidas ao estresse hídrico se igualassem à das plantas sem estresse. Ao final do experimento foi mensurada a área foliar (cm2), a massa seca das raízes, caules, folhas e total (g), o Índice de conteúdo de clorofila das folhas próximas ao ápice e das folhas próximas a base. Também foi determinado o consumo de água diário das espécies (mL). Os resultados permitiram agrupar as plantas em dois grupos: trapoeraba e mussambê, consideradas como conservadoras, mantendo o potencial hídrico alto e com baixa transpiração, sendo pouco competitivas por água, e crotalária e malva-branca, medianamente investidoras, capazes de reduzir o potencial hídrico e com valores de abertura estomática mais altos, implicando em maior potencial de competição por água. E em condições de baixa disponibilidade de água, a malva-branca é a mais competitiva por água, pois consegue manter altos valores de consumo de água por mais tempo

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