Thesis abstract Base on certain principal documents, this study focus on " Personality-type Theories of Scholars in Pre-Qin Dynasty ". There are three purposes in this work: First, discovering the prosperous thoughts of scholars in pre-Qin; and the second, providing the models of perfect persons for the modern people; the last, examining the ancient Chinese personality theories to compare those theories originated in western psychological concepts. This thesis divides eight chapters. The introduction explains respectively the motivation, hypothesis and the methodology. Those aspects focus on the advantages of the viewpoint of "philosophical study on man" and "the philosophical study on talent" in present China. The second chapter defines the "personality" and analyzes the personality types divided in western psychology. Depending on the definitions, we discuss about four personalities including the western psychological tendency, and synthesize the affiliation by comparison between the psychologist's biography and the personality theory, therefore we attends to discover the ideal personality which these psychologists expected. The third chapter discusses the personality types which the thinkers classify in Pre-Qin dynasty offering as elaborates following several chapters. From fourth to sixth chapter, we adopt the synchronic and diachronic approaches to interpret the scholars¡¦ texts about personality- type theories. Those contents are divided into three criteria: moral culture, spiritual self-restraint and the social achievement. In surmounting the boundary of nations/scholars, seventh chapter compares the theories personality types and its cultural development which reflected between western world and China. Finally the conclusion summarizes each chapter, also links up the history to manifest the influence of the classification in later generations. Furthermore, we draw the perspective for this study.

¤h/shi/, ¿Ñ¤h/mou shi/,µ¦¤h(tse shi) ( scholar who provide good idea, plans or strategies to king or power politicians) is a highly influential social class in Pre-Qin dynasty, those people are intelligent, talented, and self-actualization, possess a very strong desire to fulfillment; Accomplish both success and fame is their philosophy, standard and values. It echoes the old saying, ¡§Officialdom is the natural outlet for good scholars¡¨. In the spring and autumn period, there is the special implication that a¤h/shi/ make an official, it is not only for power, fortune, and fame, or social participation and social caring. Be an official is just a method; the concept behind this is the there is the only way to achieve their political ideals by becoming the trusted subordinate of the King and other powerful politicians. During the warring states period of china, the conflict of the domestic, diplomacy, and military affairs are keep happing between each states. Diplomatic power is the important role to deal these complicated situations, however the person¡¦s talent is the key to diplomatic power. Thus, person¡¦s talent and intelligent are attract the special attention. Under this competitive circumstance, Many powerful politician tend to hire ¤h/shi/ to give them advises, provide stage for ¤h/shi/ and facilitate their popularities. Form royal to rural, civil to military, mysterious diplomacy to gruesome battlefield, gangster to hero, ¤h/shi/ can be seen everywhere. They use their talent to pursuit powerful position, those person building accomplish by becoming a counselor or criticizer. ¤h/shi/ enjoy the special glorious treatment in warring states period of china, they even can control country¡¦s policy, influence the King¡¦s decision and dominate the future direction of the country. Those who contribute their intelligent and talent to their Master or King, might have different purposes and motivations. This research focus on the¤h/shi/ who provide their talents for King and other powerful politician, and discuss their philosophy and values. The first chapter explains respectively the motivation, hypothesis and methodology. Those aspects focus on ¡§the meaning of ¤h/shi/¡¨, ¡§The historical background or setting about the rise of¤h/shi/¡¨, ¡§The change and classification of¤h/shi/¡¨ to interpret warring period¤h/shi/¡¦s category and the reason about their rise. The second and third chapter defines the¤h/shi/¡¦s behavior, method of debating, and the result of lobby to analyze their motivation to toward successful and avoid failure. The fourth chapter lists the standout¤h/shi/ who has the strict moral code and disdains to follow such utilitarianism. It also analyze the difference from others to discover the reason they beyond other¤h/shi/. The fifth chapter list the scholar who did the lobby behavior but not belong¿Ñ¤h/mou shi/, and define the difference by comparison above-mentioned two characters. Finally the conclusion summarizes each chapter; hope can express the different viewpoint from different aspects toµ¦¤h(tse shi).