Developmental stuttering persists in approximately 1% of the United States population. Stuttering has been shown to impact overall quality of life. The present study examines the effects of a Novel Right Brain Intervention on two female participants with persistent developmental stuttering. The aim of the study was to determine whether encouraging greater activation of the right hemisphere, specifically the pre-SMA, via complex left-handed movements, prior to speech production, would lead to a reduced stuttering frequency and severity in people who stutter (PWS). It was hypothesized that each participant would reduce stuttering symptoms and behaviors following the intervention due to the results found in patients with non-fluent aphasia's and neural imaging findings with PWS. Following analysis of speech samples taken from unstructured retell and unfamiliar reading tasks, the results revealed decreases in stuttering and secondary behaviors during the unstructured reading task for Participant 1 and decreases in stuttering and secondary behaviors during the unstructured retell task for Participant 2. The results of this study should be interpreted with caution, as this is a pilot study with multiple limitations. With further research, this method of intervention may become a viable option for those who have not benefited maximally from current intervention methods.

La vérification est un comportement volontaire mis en place à la suite d’un doute ou de la détection d’une erreur au cours d’une prise de décision. De très rares études se sont intéressées aux bases physiologiques de ce comportement, la majorité des travaux étant basés sur l’analyse des comportements pathologiques, comme les vérifications associées au trouble obsessionnel compulsif. Ces travaux de thèse ont consisté à déterminer les bases neurobiologiques du comportement de vérification chez le primate non-humain, un modèle de choix dans l’étude de la physiopathologie humaine. Pour cela deux singes macaque rhésus ont été entrainés à la tâche « Check-or-Go » permettant aux sujets de vérifier et éventuellement modifier la disponibilité d’une récompense avant de confirmer la décision afin d’accéder à cette même récompense. A l’aide d’une analyse comportementale, de dosages d’un biomarqueur de l’anxiété, d’enregistrements EEG du cortex préfrontal et d’enregistrements extracellulaires unitaires au niveau de CMAr et pré-SMA, nous avons pu montrer que : (i) les singes ont les capacités métacognitives d’exprimer un comportement volontaire de vérification similaire à celui observé chez l’Homme, (ii) ce comportement est sous tendu par l’émergence du doute, (iii) est corrélé au niveau d’anxiété, et (iv) est associé à des mécanismes cognitifs mettant en jeu le cortex préfrontal, et plus spécifiquement CMAr et pré-SMA. / Checking behavior is essential to maximizing gain and/or minimizing loss in our daily lives and relies on a normal action monitoring process. Although several studies have explored the neurobiological basis of doubt and uncertainty, both the physiology and physiopathology of checking, its most manifest behavioral consequence, remain poorly understood. This PhD project aims at characterizing physiological doubt and checking behavior in non-human primates. To do so, we trained two rhesus monkeys at a newly designed Check-or-Go task that allows the animal to multiple-check and change the availability of a reward before taking the final decision leading to that reward. During the task, we recorded frontal EEG activity and single neuronal activity in the rostral part of the ACC (CMAr), and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), and quantified salivary cortisol in order to correlate this biological marker of anxiety with checking behavior. Our results show that, as humans, monkeys have the metacognitive ability to express voluntary checking behavior that depends on uncertainty monitoring, relates to anxiety and involves brain frontal areas.