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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation from cashew apple bagasse pre-treated with acid-alkali / ProduÃÃo de etanol por sacarificaÃÃo e fermentaÃÃo simultÃneas a partir do bagaÃo de caju prÃ-tratado com Ãcido-Ãlcali

Emanuel Meneses Barros 25 August 2015 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi estudadaaproduÃÃo de etanol por processos de SacarificaÃÃo e FermentaÃÃo SimultÃneas (SSF) usando o bagaÃo de caju prÃ-tratado com Ãcido-Ãlcali (CAB-OH) como matÃria-prima. Nos processos de SSF foi utilizada a levedura KluyveromycesmarxianusATCC36907e o complexo enzimÃtico Celluclast 1.5L (30 FPU.gcelulose-1). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em Erlenmeyers de 250 mL com 100 mL de meio SSF (tampÃo citrato de sÃdio 50 mMapH 4,8; suplementado com 1 g/L de extrato de levedura e 1 g/L de sulfato de amÃnio, e a carga de CAB-OH desejada em %m/V), a concentraÃÃo inicial de cÃlulas de 5 g/L, temperatura de 40ÂC e rotaÃÃo de 150 rpm. Primeiramente, um processo em batelada foi realizado para avaliar a necessidade de suplementaÃÃo com a enzima celobiase (NS50010âNovozymes) com atividade de 60 CBU/gcelulose-1. O processo SSF conduzido com a suplementaÃÃo decelobiaseobteveuma maior produÃÃo mÃxima de etanol (30 g/L) e maior eficiÃncia (93%) em relaÃÃo ao nÃo-suplementado, sendo os estudos posteriores conduzidos com as enzimas celulases e celobiases. Em seguida, realizou-se o estudo da avaliaÃÃo da carga de CAB-OH (7,5, 10, 15 e 20 %m/V), em processos sem prÃ-sacarificaÃÃo (SSF) e comprÃ-sacarificaÃÃo(PSSF). A maiorconcentraÃÃo de etanol (58 g/L)ocorreu nos processos SSF com carga de 15%, sendo esse tambÃm o de maior produtividade, e PSSF com carga de 20%, nÃo apresentando diferenÃa significativa na produÃÃo mÃxima de etanol entre os dois processos. No entanto, osprocessos SSF e PSSFusando 10% CAB-OH apresentaram a maioreficiÃncia (98%)e rendimento global em etanol do estudo (40gEtanol/KgCAB).Posteriormente, foram realizadas estratÃgias de alimentaÃÃo, em conjunto com processos SSF, de forma a eliminar efeitos inibitÃrios presentes em processos em batelada com elevadas cargas de sÃlidos. Foram avaliadas estratÃgias de alimentaÃÃo de substrato: duas com carga inicial de 10% e atingindo 20% (uma com duas alimentaÃÃes e outra com quatro) e uma com carga inicial de 15% e final de 25% (quatro alimentaÃÃes). Todos os processos, exceto os de carga de 7,5%, apresentaram %Vetanol/VsoluÃÃo acima de 4% e os processos em batelada alimentada atingiram a maior produÃÃo de etanol do estudo(68g/L). Os processos com carga inicial de 10 % e final de 20 % apresentaram uma maior eficiÃncia (81 %), porÃm o processo que apresentou maior produtividade foi com carga inicial de 15% e final de 25% (2,4 g/L.h), e tambÃm rendimento global em etanol elevado (32 gEtanol/KgCAB), de forma que esse foi o processo com melhores resultados do presente estudo. Com isso, o CAB-OH se mostrou um substrato promissor para a produÃÃo de etanol por processos SSF e PSSF, conduzidosem batelada e batelada alimentada, utilizando elevadas cargas de sÃlidos. / In this work was studied ethanol production from cashew apple bagasse after acid followed by alkali pretreatment (CAB-OH) using theSimultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) processes. In SSF process was utilized the yeast Kluyveromycesmarxianus ATCC36907and the enzymatic complex Celluclast1.5L (30 FPU.gcellulose-1). The assays were conducted in 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 100mL of culture medium (sodium citrate buffer 50mM pH 4.8, supplemented with yeast extract 1 g/L and ammonium sulfate 1 g/L and the desired bagasse concentration in %w/v), the initial cells concentration was 5 g/L, the temperature was 40ÂC and 150rpm of rotation. First, a batch process was performed to evaluate the enzymatic supplementation of culture medium with cellobiase (NS50010-Novozymes) with an activity of 60 CBU.gcellulose-1. The supplemented process with cellobiase had the highest ethanol production (30 g/L) and ethanol efficiency (93%) than the non-supplemented and the subsequent studies were performed with supplementation. After, was realized the evaluation of CAB-OH load (7.5, 10, 15 e 20%w/V) in processes with (PSSF) and without pre-saccharification (SSF). The highest ethanol production corresponded to SSF processes with bagasse load of 15%, this being also the highest productivity, and PSSF with bagasse concentration of 20% and these processes were statistic similar within the standard deviation of the samples in relation to ethanol production. However, the SSF and PSSF processes with 10% of dry matter had the highest efficiency (98%) and yield feedstock in ethanol of study (32gEthanol/KgCAB). After, feeding strategies with SSF processes have been made to eliminate inhibitory effects in batch processes with high loadings of solids. There were evaluated feeding strategies: two with initial CAB-OH load of 10% and 20% in the end (a strategy with two feeds and one with four) and another with initial load of 15% and final of 25% (with four feeds). All processes, with the exception of 7.5% load, had %VethanolVsolution-1 above 4% and the fed batch processes reached a similar ethanol production (68 g/L), towering in 17% the ethanol concentration compared to batch process with load of 20%. All processes, with the exception of 7.5 % load, had %Vethanol/Vsolution above 4% and the fed batch processes reached the highest ethanol production of study (68 g/L). The processes with initial load of 10 % and final of 20 % reached a higher efficiency (81 %), but the process that reached the highest productivity was the process with the initial load of 15 % and final of 25 % (2,4 g/L.h), and high ethanol global yield too (32 gEthanol/KgCAB), so this process achieved the best results of present study. Based on the results presented, CAB-OH showed a promising substrate for ethanol production by SSF and PSSF processes, conducted by batch and fed batch method, using high loadings of solids.

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