Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Denise_Cascao.pdf: 1591418 bytes, checksum: 55f9defd04efd2a9bc7c76958f16557a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-20 / Power transformers have a fundamental role in an electrical power system, in addition to representing a significant amount of investment required for the implantation of this system. To reduce the costs associated with a transformer s life cycle and to guarantee its reliability and durability, it is essential to monitor its operating conditions, its insulation system as well as the working conditions of its accessories and other components. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the faults and defects that occur in power transformers of 34.5kV, 69kV, 138kV, and 230kV of Celg s electrical system, the latter being a highly important electric energy concessionaire in Goiás State, Brazil. The results of this study corroborate its contributions to the field, namely, the efficacy of the predictive technique in the maintenance area during the last twenty-eight years (from 1979 to 2007), the characterization of faults and defects during this period, and the presentation of proposals to implement improvements in the predictive technique, in order to reduce the number of interruptions in the electrical power system. / Os transformadores, além de serem fundamentais para o sistema elétrico de potência, eles também representam uma parte significativa dos investimentos pertencentes à implantação desse sistema. Dessa forma, o acompanhamento e a monitoração das suas condições operativas, de seu sistema isolante, e das condições de funcionamento de seus acessórios e demais componentes, são essenciais para que se reduzam os custos associados ao seu ciclo de vida, bem como para que se possa garantir a sua confiabilidade e a sua durabilidade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar um estudo sobre as falhas e os defeitos ocorridos em transformadores de potência de 34,5kV, 69kV, 138kV e 230kV, na Celg como estudo de caso, pelo fato de ser uma concessionária de energia elétrica de grande importância para o sistema elétrico do Estado de Goiás. Portanto, diante dos resultados, cabe ressaltar a contribuição deste trabalho, que são: a evidência dos bons resultados das técnicas existentes na área de manutenção (nos últimos vinte e oito anos, de 1979 a 2007), a caracterização das falhas e dos defeitos neste período e a apresentação de propostas de implementação de melhorias das técnicas preditivas, de modo a reduzir os números de .interrupções no sistema elétrico de potência

Aerodynamic analysis is an important area of survivability studies. There is a desire to be able to predict the aerodynamic effects of a given damage scenario on an aircraft wing with minimal wind tunnel testing or computational simulations. Due to the limited nature of previous studies, this has not generally been possible. The original contribution of this thesis is a predictive technique developed to estimate the aerodynamic effects of a simulated battle damage hole on an aircraft wing, resulting from a range of attack directions. This technique was successfully validated against experimental data. Testing under two-dimensional conditions was undertaken on a NASA LS(1)-0417MOD aerofoil at a Reynolds number of 500,000. This project simulates the effect of attack direction by varying the offset between upper and lower surface damage holes in both chordwise and spanwise directions. Damage was modelled using circular holes. Lift, drag and pitching moment coefficients were measured and supplemented with surface flow visualisation and surface pressure measurements. Coefficient increments, defined as the difference between the damage cases and a datum undamaged case were used to quantify the effects of the damage, with the performance qualified in terms of weak and strong jets. Weak jets were found to have little effect on the flow and aerodynamic properties, while strong jets caused significant disruption. The effects increased in magnitude with hole size, incidence and proximity of the upper surface hole to the pressure peak. Spanwise offset on the holes had little effect on the jet strength but introduced asymmetry into the surface flow. This effect was found to be due to the behaviour of the flow within the cavity. Three-dimensional testing was undertaken at a Reynolds number of 1,000,000 on a half wing model in order to investigate any changes in the aerodynamic characteristics of the damage when applied to a more representative aircraft wing. The higher Reynolds number exploited the larger wind tunnel working section and provided a value more representative of typical unmanned aerial vehicles. As the damage was moved towards the tip its effects were lessened and the transition from weak jet to strong jet delayed. Spanwise pressure variation from the tip also introduced asymmetry into the jet s surface flow features. Plotting coefficient increments for all attack directions against the pressure coefficient difference between upper and lower surfaces from an undamaged wing, across the equivalent damage hole region highlighted significant trends, which were used as the basis of a predictive technique for a range of hole sizes and attack directions. The validity of the technique was assessed by predicting a previously untested damage case and comparing it against subsequent wind tunnel tests. The results from this validation proved encouraging.