Thesis--School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala., 1992-93. / Title from title screen (viewed Nov. 3, 2003). "28 May 1993." Includes bibliographical references.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da analgesia preemptiva na cirurgia de extração de terceiros molares inclusos. Nesse estudo duplo cego, randomizado e pareado, os pacientes foram submetidos à extração de terceiros molares inferiores bilaterais em dois tempos distintos. Em uma das duas cirurgias, no pré-operatório os pacientes fizeram uso de Cetoprofeno 150 mg via oral a cada 12 horas durante dois dias antes e, após a cirurgia, continuaram a medicação por mais três dias. Em outra cirurgia, fizeram uso de um comprimido placebo no pré-operatório a cada 12 horas durante dois dias antes e, após a cirurgia, fizeram uso de Cetoprofeno 150 mg a cada 12 horas por três dias. O analgésico de resgate utilizado foi o Paracetamol 750 mg via oral. A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada por meio de Escala Visual Analógica, Escala Nominal e quantidade de consumo de analgésicos de resgate. Os resultados não mostraram diferença significante entre o controle e cetoprofeno preemptivo na redução da dor pós-operatória e no consumo de analgésicos de resgate. Concluiu-se que neste modelo experimental, a analgesia preemptiva não se mostrou eficaz na redução da dor pós-operatória. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the preemptive analgesia in the third molar surgery. In this double blind study, randomized and paired, the patients were submitted to the extraction of the third molar bilateral inferiors in two distinct times. In one of the two surgeries, during the two-day preoperative the patients made useof150 mg of ketoprofenoralevery12 hours and, after the surgery, they kept taking this medication for three days. In the other surgery, a placebo pill was used in the preoperative, also every 12 hours, for two days and, after the surgery, ketoprofen 150 mg was used every 12 hours for three days. The rescue analgesic used was the paracetamol 750 mg oral. Postoperative pain was evaluated by making use of the Analogical Visual Scale, the Nominal Scale and the amount of rescue analgesic consumption. The results did not show significant difference between the control and the preemptive ketoprofen in the reduction of postoperative pain and in the rescue analgesic consumption. We can conclude that in this experimental model, the preemptive analgesia did not prove to be efficient in the reduction of postoperative pain.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): James A. Russell, Jeff Knopf. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80). Also available online.

The concept of “national security” has been an essential part of the political lexicon of the United States since the aftermath of World War II. Although it could be said that security in one way or another has always been a concern for societies, and a central political concern for the western world at least since the seventeenth century, it took its full-fledged official form in the United States with the 1947 National Security Act which established the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency, as well as shaping the direction of the post-World War II foreign policy. National security constitutes the frame through which many political practices attain their meaning and justification today. My dissertation is devoted to understanding precisely this process wherein there is a particular political rationality at work that not only renders certain kinds of political practices preferable, but also insists on their necessity and inevitability. I call this the politics of paranoia. I argue that the concept of paranoia has explanatory power in relation to an array of political decisions, processes, and practices. It is descriptive of a diagram of power that is operative in contemporary practices of securitization. It is not only that these decisions, processes, and practices produce paranoid effects (or affects), but that they themselves entail a paranoiac logic. To this end, I rethink Melanie Klein's account of paranoia through a Foucaultian decolonial feminist lens. I examine this paranoiac logic in four layers: expulsions, anticipatory temporality, masculinist politics, and paranoid affects.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da analgesia preemptiva na cirurgia de extração de terceiros molares inclusos. Nesse estudo duplo cego, randomizado e pareado, os pacientes foram submetidos à extração de terceiros molares inferiores bilaterais em dois tempos distintos. Em uma das duas cirurgias, no pré-operatório os pacientes fizeram uso de Cetoprofeno 150 mg via oral a cada 12 horas durante dois dias antes e, após a cirurgia, continuaram a medicação por mais três dias. Em outra cirurgia, fizeram uso de um comprimido placebo no pré-operatório a cada 12 horas durante dois dias antes e, após a cirurgia, fizeram uso de Cetoprofeno 150 mg a cada 12 horas por três dias. O analgésico de resgate utilizado foi o Paracetamol 750 mg via oral. A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada por meio de Escala Visual Analógica, Escala Nominal e quantidade de consumo de analgésicos de resgate. Os resultados não mostraram diferença significante entre o controle e cetoprofeno preemptivo na redução da dor pós-operatória e no consumo de analgésicos de resgate. Concluiu-se que neste modelo experimental, a analgesia preemptiva não se mostrou eficaz na redução da dor pós-operatória. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the preemptive analgesia in the third molar surgery. In this double blind study, randomized and paired, the patients were submitted to the extraction of the third molar bilateral inferiors in two distinct times. In one of the two surgeries, during the two-day preoperative the patients made useof150 mg of ketoprofenoralevery12 hours and, after the surgery, they kept taking this medication for three days. In the other surgery, a placebo pill was used in the preoperative, also every 12 hours, for two days and, after the surgery, ketoprofen 150 mg was used every 12 hours for three days. The rescue analgesic used was the paracetamol 750 mg oral. Postoperative pain was evaluated by making use of the Analogical Visual Scale, the Nominal Scale and the amount of rescue analgesic consumption. The results did not show significant difference between the control and the preemptive ketoprofen in the reduction of postoperative pain and in the rescue analgesic consumption. We can conclude that in this experimental model, the preemptive analgesia did not prove to be efficient in the reduction of postoperative pain.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among high-risk individuals. Outcomes for IFI historically have been suboptimal and associated with a high mortality rate, hence global prophylaxis strategies have been applied to at-risk populations. Among certain populations, fluconazole prophylaxis has reduced systemic and superficial infections caused by Candida species. Newer azoles are currently being evaluated as prophylaxis and have the potential to provide protection against mould pathogens that are more troublesome to treat once they occur. Global prophylaxis strategies have the shortcoming of subjecting patients to therapy that ultimately will not need it. Targeted prophylaxis has the advantage of treating only patients at highest risk using some parameter of greater host susceptibility. Prophylaxis strategies are most suitable in patients at the highest risk for IFI. For patient groups whose risk is somewhat lower or when suspicion of IFI occurs in patients receiving prophylaxis, empirical antifungal therapy is often employed following a predefined period of fever. Again this approach subjects many non-infected patients to unnecessary and toxic therapy. A more refined approach such as presumptive or pre-emptive therapy whereby treatment is only initiated upon positive identification of a surrogate marker of infection in combination with clinical and radiological signs will subject fewer patients to toxic and expensive treatments.

No description available.

Aim: To analyze differences in patients’ clinical course, we compared two regimes of either preemptive therapy or prophylaxis after liver transplantation. Methods: This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of the University of Leipzig. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis with valganciclovir hydrochloride for liver transplant recipients was replaced by a preemptive strategy in October 2009. We retrospectively compared liver transplant recipients 2 years before and after October 2009. During the first period, all patients received valganciclovir daily. During the second period all patients included in the analysis were treated following a preemptive strategy. Outcomes included one year survival and therapeutic intervention due to CMV viremia or infection. Results: Between 2007 and 2010 n = 226 patients underwent liver transplantation in our center. n = 55 patients were D+/R- high risk recipients and were excluded from further analysis. A further 43 patients had to be excluded since CMV prophylaxis/preemptive strategy was not followed although there was no clinical reason for the deviation. Of the remaining 128 patients whose data were analyzed, 60 received prophylaxis and 68 were treated following a preemptive strategy. The difference in overall mortality was not significant, nor was it significant for one-year mortality where it was 10% (95%CI: 8%-28%, P = 0.31) higher for the preemptive group. No significant differences in blood count abnormalities or the incidence of sepsis and infections were observed other than CMV. In total, 19 patients (14.7%) received ganciclovir due to CMV viremia and/or infections. Patients who were treated according to the preemptive algorithm had a significantly higher rate risk of therapeutic intervention with ganciclovir [n = 16 (23.5%) vs n = 3 (4.9%), P = 0.003)].

With the rapid development of cellular communication techniques, many recent studies have focused on improving the quality of service (QoS) in cellular networks. One characteristic of the systems in cellular networks, which can have direct impact on the system QoS, is the fluctuation of the system capacity. In this thesis, the QoS of systems with capacity fluctuations is studied from two perspectives: (1) priority queueing systems with preemption, and (2) the M/M/~C/~C system. In the first part, we propose two models with controlled preemption and analyze their performance in the context of a single reference cell that supports two kinds of traffic (new calls and handoff calls). The formulae for calculating the performance measures of interest (i.e., handoff call blocking probability, new call blocking and dropping probabilities) are developed, and the procedures for solving optimization problems for the optimal number of channels required for each proposed model are established. The proposed controlled preemption models are then compared to existing non-preemption and full preemption models from the following three perspectives: (i) channel utilization, (ii) low priority call (i.e., new calls) performance, and (iii) flexibility to meet various constraints. The results showed that the proposed controlled preemption models are the best models overall. In the second part, the loss system with stochastic capacity, denoted by M/M/~C/~C, is analyzed using the Markov regenerative process (MRGP) method. Three different distributions of capacity interchange times (exponential, gamma, and Pareto) and three different capacity variation patterns (skip-free, distance-based, and uniform-based) are considered. Analytic expressions are derived to calculate call blocking and dropping probabilities and are verified by call level simulations. Finally, numerical examples are provided to determine the impact of different distributions of capacity interchange times and different capacity variation patterns on system performance.

The legality of pre-emptive self-defence The Master's thesis deals with one of the key issues of current international law, the right to pre-emptive self-defence. The work is divided into six parts, including introduction, four chapters and conclusion. After an introductory part the first chapter deals with the sources of international laws regulating the right to self-defence, their system and the way in which they interact with each other. This chapter seeks to analyse the impact of those sources on the development of right to pre-emptive self-defence. The main attention is devoted to the primary and secondary sources of international law regulating the right to self-defence, such as the U.N. Charter, customary international law, the judicial decisions of the International Court of Justice and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists. The second chapter first focuses on the concept of classical self-defence. It then goes on to examine the two traditional doctrinal approaches to the interpretation of the scope of the right to self-defence, the restrictive school of thoughts and the extensive school of thoughts. The next chapter relates to the prohibition of the use of force under international law. The last chapter first analyses the concept of pre-emptive self-defence from the...