Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaFFBpdf.pdf: 4139444 bytes, checksum: afbdb6abf6434ea8e10808e3c84e0350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-05 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / This work aims to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through optimized analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography with flame-ionisation detector (CGFID), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CGMS), Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Molecular and Purpot of oils and greases (POG). Apply to chemometrics, Factorial Planning 23, in the preparation of samples by liquid-liquid extraction. The sample preparation was used for liquid-liquid extraction and factors in this sample was used for the application of factorial planning 23, such as the use of ultrasound, solvents (dichloromethane, hexane and chloroform) and ratio of solvent / synthetic sample. These factors were assigned two types of levels: positive and negative. It was used to form the cube to better analyze the answers. The responses of the eight combinations were obtained in reading the spectrofluorimetric. The optimization of equipment were used, and they served in the HPA's identification of the samples collected in Rio Potengi. The optimization of the equipment was observed every 16's and PAH in the samples was found that the HPA's came from contamination of the Rio Potengi. The contamination comes through organic household waste, hospital waste, and among other contamination that comes from industries that are installed around the River The factorial design of high validity, it was observed a more effective sample preparation. The factorial design of liquid-liquid extraction showed a way to spend less solvent in less time using an ideal solvent, but also a way to extract more analyte from the matrix itself is water. In planning a smaller form factor extraction was the use of ultrasound, the ratio 1:3 corresponding to a solvent and sample 3 and the best solvent was dichloromethane who presented a viable extraction, not discarding the possibility of using also the hexane. The chloroform and may be toxic not had a good extraction / Este trabalho tem como objetivo detectar hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos (HPAs) atrav?s de t?cnicas anal?ticas otimizadas, tais como: Cromatografia Gasosa com Detector de Ioniza??o de Chama (CGDIC), Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ? Espectrometria de Massa (CGEM), Espectroscopia de Fluoresc?ncia Molecular e Teor de ?leos e Graxas (TOG). Aplicar a Quimiometria, Planejamento Fatorial 23, na prepara??o de amostras por Extra??o L?quido-L?quido. A prepara??o da amostra utilizada foi ? extra??o l?quido-l?quido e nesta amostragem foi utilizado fatores para aplica??o do planejamento fatorial 23, tais como: a utiliza??o do ultrassom, solventes (diclorometano, hexano e clorof?rmio) e propor??o de solvente/amostra sint?tica. Esses fatores foram atribu?dos dois tipos de n?veis: positivo e negativo. E foi utilizada a forma de cubo para melhor analisar as respostas. As respostas das oito combina??es foram obtidas na leitura do espectrofluor?metro. A otimiza??o dos equipamentos foram utilizados, e eles serviram na identifica??o dos HPA s das amostras coletadas no Rio Potengi. Na otimiza??o do equipamento foi observado todos os 16 HPA s e nas amostras foi encontrados os HPA s que foram provenientes da contamina??o do Rio Potengi. A contamina??o por org?nicos vem atrav?s de lixos dom?sticos, lixos hospitalares, e dentre outras contamina??es que vem de ind?strias que s?o instaladas em torno do Rio. O planejamento fatorial foi de grande validade, pois foi observada uma maneira mais eficaz de prepara??o de amostra. O planejamento fatorial da extra??o liquido-liquido mostrou uma maneira de gastar menos solventes em menos tempo utilizando um solvente ideal, como tamb?m uma forma de extrair mais analito da pr?pria matriz ?gua. No planejamento fatorial a menor forma de extra??o foi a utiliza??o do ultrasom, a propor??o 1:3 que corresponde a um de solvente e 3 de amostra e o melhor solvente foi o diclorometano que apresentou uma vi?vel extra??o, n?o descartando a possibilidade de utiliza??o, tamb?m do hexano. O clorof?rmio al?m de ser t?xico n?o apresentou uma boa extra??o