We are living in an era of growing technology. Therefore, technology is making its way into classrooms around the nation. A type of technology that is growing in popularity is video modeling. However, there is limited research in the area of effective use of video modeling used in classrooms, especially inclusive early childhood classrooms. Additionally, when the use of technology is investigated it is primarily researched with a certain population of students, specifically students with autism. This study examined the effectiveness of using video modeling to teach social maintenance skills to three preschool children with developmental delays within a preschool classroom. A multiple probe across participants design was used to determine the effects of video modeling on social maintenance skills. Results showed that the three student participants reached criterion on their social maintenance objectives. Results indicated all three children maintained and generalized the skill as well.

Research indicates children with disabilities benefit from therapeutic horseback riding (TR). This study examined the impact TR had on attention behaviors of five children with various developmental disabilities in a preschool classroom. Children were observed in the classroom setting twice weekly for 10 weeks on a day they participated in TR services and on a day they did not participate in TR. Single case experiments suggested there was not a significant difference in all but one child’s sustained attention in the classroom on days children received TR services. An independent samples t-test suggested there was no significant difference in scores between riding day (M<./I> = 1.78, SD =.247) and non-riding days (M = 1.76, SD = .262); t(87) = -.481, p = .632 for the group as a whole. Further research should be conducted to determine TR’s effect on behaviors in the classroom.

We are currently in an era of accountability, so the need for measuring fidelity of implementation is gaining attention. However, there is little research in the area of fidelity of implementation and an inclusive early childhood classroom. In addition, most of the research is conducted using teachers. This study examined the fidelity of implementation by two teaching assistants using the teaching strategies of time delay and system of least prompts with children with and without disabilities in an inclusive early childhood setting. A multiple-probe design with conditions across two behaviors and across two participants design was used to determine the effects of teaching assistants’ fidelity of implementation of evidence-based teaching strategies. Also a multiple probe across two behaviors, replicated across children was used. Most importantly, the results showed that teaching assistants could implement systematic teaching strategies with fidelity. Secondly, the children were able to make progress towards their target skills.

本研究以質性分析的方式，探討學齡前融合教育班級師生及同儕互動的情形，以一所台北縣公立幼稚園的一個融合教育班級為研究場域，透過部份參與式觀察與教師訪談蒐集資料，進一步探討特殊教育需求幼兒與一般幼兒之間的互動情形，以及特殊教育需求幼兒與教師之間的互動情形。 研究發現，在特殊教育需求幼兒與一般幼兒之間的互動行為中，多以正向非口語行為為主，同時特殊教育需求幼兒在互動行為上較為被動，互動的內容多與遊戲或學習活動有關，若是在衝突情境則會出現負向非口語的攻擊行為。在特殊教育需求幼兒與教師之間的互動行為中，正向口語行為為主，但時常搭配非口語行為一起進行，互動的內容多與特殊教育需求幼兒的特殊需求以及教學活動有關，在互動行為進行中，教師較為主動，但在求助行為中，則以特殊教育需求幼兒扮演引發互動的角色。而影響互動行為的因素包括有：特殊教育需求幼兒的人格特質、特殊教育需求幼兒的能力、教師的態度與引導、以及一般幼兒的人格特質等。整體而言，在本研究進行的場域中，特殊教育需求幼兒的互動對象較傾向於與成人進行互動，和一般幼兒互動的情形較少出現。 綜合上述研究發現，對於學齡前融合教育的實施，本研究提出具體建議，在特殊教育需求幼兒與一般幼兒之間的互動方面：安排能力較佳且有意願的一般幼兒協助特殊教育需求幼兒進行學習活動、教導解決衝突的策略，以減少負向行為、教導特殊教育需求幼兒與他人互動的方法，並鼓勵他勇於嘗試。在特殊教育需求幼兒與教師之間的互動方面：教學活動時間，兩位教師應盡可能同時參與，以協助特殊教育需求幼兒進行學習，增加互動機會、營造特殊教育需求幼兒主動進行互動的機會。 / The study aims to explore the state of teacher-student and peer interaction in inclusive preschool class setting using a qualitative analysis method focusing on a public inclusive preschool classroom in Taipei County as the research site, with data gathered through a partially participated observation and teacher interviews, to further examine the interaction between preschoolers with special education needs and general preschoolers, and the interaction between preschoolers with special education needs and teachers. The study found that the interaction between preschoolers with special education needs and general preschoolers tends to take place with positive, nonverbal behaviors, while preschoolers with special education needs tend to be more passive in interactive behavior, and the content of interaction is largely related to game or learning activities, but negative, nonverbal aggressive behavior can appear under a conflict scenario. The interactive behavior between preschoolers with special education needs and teachers tends to take place with positive, verbal behavior, and is often coordinated with nonverbal behavior, where the content of interaction is largely related to the special needs and teaching activities of preschoolers with special education needs; in the progression of interactive behavior, the teacher is more active, whereas in help seeking behavior, preschoolers with special education needs tend to enact an interaction-triggering role. While factors that affect the interactive behavior include: the personality attributes of preschoolers with special education needs, the capability of preschoolers with special education needs, the attitude and guidance of the teacher, and the personality attributes of general preschoolers. As a whole, at the site where the study is conducted, the interaction of preschoolers with special education needs tends to lean towards interactive with adults, while the phenomenon is less seen in the interaction with general preschoolers. In recapping the foresaid study findings, when implementing the inclusive preschool education, the study presents a tangible recommendation on the interaction between preschools with special education needs and general preschoolers that it is feasible to arrange general preschoolers with better capability and are willing to facilitate preschools with special education needs to engage in learning activities, spearhead them to conflict-solving strategies, which would help to reduce negative behavior, and show preschoolers with special education needs the means to interact with others, as well as encourage them to try. In the aspect of interaction between preschoolers with special education needs and teacher, it is recommendable that during the time of teaching activities, it is best for two teachers to participate at the same time to facilitate preschoolers with special education needs to engage in learning, enhance the interactive opportunities, and create the opportunity for motivating preschoolers with special education needs to engage in interaction.