Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1934. / Published also without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 223-263.

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This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

Submitted by MAURÍCIO BRUNO PRADO DA SILVA null (mauricio.prado19@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-14T21:18:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Mauricio com ficha.pdf: 839383 bytes, checksum: d8cae8991d7bfed483f452706bf3cd66 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-18T17:08:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mbp_me_bot.pdf: 839383 bytes, checksum: d8cae8991d7bfed483f452706bf3cd66 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T17:08:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mbp_me_bot.pdf: 839383 bytes, checksum: d8cae8991d7bfed483f452706bf3cd66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / No presente trabalho é descrito o estudo comparativo de métodos de estimativas da irradiação solar global (HG) nas partições diária (HGd) e mensal (HGm): geradas pela técnica de Angstrom-Prescott (A-P) e duas técnicas de Aprendizado de Máquina (AM), Máquinas de Vetores de Suporte (MVS) e Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA). A base de dados usada foi medida no período de 1996 a 2011, na Estação Solarimétrica em Botucatu. Por meio da regressão entre a transmissividade atmosférica (HG/HO) e razão de insolação (n/N), o modelo estatístico (A-P) foi determinado, obtendo equações lineares que permitem estimar HG com elevados coeficientes de determinação. As técnicas, MVS e RNA, foram treinadas na mesma arquitetura de A-P (modelo 1). As técnicas MVS e RNA foram treinadas ainda em mais 3 modelos com acréscimos, uma a uma, das variáveis temperatura do ar, precipitação e umidade relativa (modelos 2, 3 e 4). Os modelos foram validados usando uma base de dados de dois anos, denominadas de típico e atipico, por meio de correlações entre os valores estimados e medidos, indicativos estatísticos rMBE, MBE, rRMSE, RMSE e d de Willmott. Os indicativos estatísticos r das correlações mostraram que o modelo (A-P) pode estimar HG com elevados coeficientes de determinação nas duas condições de validação. Já indicativos estatísticos rMBE, MBE, rRMSE, RMSE e d de Willmott indicam que o modelo (A-P) pode ser utilizado na estimativa de HGd com exatidão e precisão. Os indicativos estatísticos obtidos pelos 4 modelos das técnicas MVSd e RNAd (diária) e MVSm e RNAm (mensal) podem ser utilizadas nas estimativas de HGd com elevadas correlações e com precisão e exatidão. Entre os modelos foram selecionadas por comparação entre os indicativo estatisticos as redes MVS4d e RNA4d (diária) e MVS1m e RNA1m (mensal). A comparação dos indicativos estatísticos rMBE, MBE, rRMSE, RMSE, d de Willmott, r e R2 obtidos na validação entre os modelos (A-P), MVS e RNA mostrou que: a técnica MVS apresentou melhor resultado que o modelo estatístico de (A-P); esta técnica apresentou melhor resultado que a RNA; o modelo estatístico (A-P), apresentou no geral melhor resultado que a RNA. / In this paper describes the comparative study of different methods for estimating global solar irradiation (HG) in the daily partitions (HGd) and monthly (HGm): generated by Angstrom-Prescott (AP) and two machine learning techniques (ML), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The used database was measured from 1996 to 2011, in Solarimetric station in Botucatu. Through regression between atmospheric transmissivity (HG / HO) and insolation ratio (n / N), the statistical model (A-P) was determined, obtaining linear equations that allow estimating HG with high coefficients of determination. The techniques, svm and ANN, were trained on the same architecture of A-P (model 1). The SVM and ANN techniques were further trained on the most models with 3 additions, one by one, the variable air temperature, rainfall and relative humidity (model 2, 3 and 4 ). The models were validated using a database of two years, called of typical and atypical, with correlation between estimated and measured values, statistical indications: rMBE, MBE, rRMSE, RMSE, and d Willmott. The statistical indicative of correlations coefficient (r) showed that the model (A-P) can be estimated with high HG determination coefficients in the two validation conditions. The rMBE, MBE, rRMSE, RMSE Willmott and d indicate that the model (A-P) can be used to estimate HGD with accuracy and precision. The statistical indicative obtained by the four models of technical SVMd and ANNd (daily) and SVMm and ANNm (monthly) can be used in the estimates of HGD with high correlations and with precision and accuracy. Among the models were selected by comparing the indicative statistical SVM4d and ANN4d networks (daily) and SVM1m and ANN1m (monthly). The comparison of statistical indicative rMBE, MBE, rRMSE, RMSE, d Willmott, r and R2 obtained in the validation of the models (A-P), SVM and ANN showed that: the SVM technique showed better results than the statistical model (A-P); this technique showed better results than the ANN; the statistical model (A-P) showed overall better result than ANN.

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Submitted by PAULO SEGATO PEDROSO (paulopedroso_7@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-23T20:33:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação versão final.pdf: 2001669 bytes, checksum: 799d22523c253dcc3bd6985094d4bfd5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-24T18:30:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pedroso_ps_me_arafcl.pdf: 2001669 bytes, checksum: 799d22523c253dcc3bd6985094d4bfd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-24T18:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pedroso_ps_me_arafcl.pdf: 2001669 bytes, checksum: 799d22523c253dcc3bd6985094d4bfd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A agricultura sempre foi vista como um setor que opera sob normas, leis e teorias diferentes do setor industrial, mas essa diferença foi diminuindo à medida que esses dois setores passaram a se relacionar de forma mais direta acarretando no surgimento do complexo agroindustrial (CAI). Teorias sobre a formação de preço determinam que quanto maior a concentração do setor industrial, maior é o poder que esse setor tem de influenciar o preço, por meio das margens e dos custos. No caso brasileiro há evidências de indústrias mais concentradas, como a agroindústria de laranja, e indústrias menos concentradas, como a agroindústria do leite. Diante deste fato, surge o objetivo principal deste estudo: verificar empiricamente se os setores mais concentrados possuem maior influência no preço. Para alcançar esse objetivo, o presente trabalho contará com uma metodologia baseada no conceito de volatilidade das séries de preços, e com a utilização do filtro Hodrick-Prescott (HP) para separar a tendência de longo prazo da componente cíclica de curto prazo. A hipótese fundamental é de que um setor mais concentrado possui uma série de preço de curto prazo com menor volatilidade, devido a sua maior influência sobre o preço. Serão utilizadas séries de preços médios pagos ao produtor de laranja e do leite, do preço recebido pela agroindústria e dos valores de exportação, assim espera-se observar as possíveis diferenças nos dois casos. / Agriculture has always been seen as an sector that operates under rules, different laws and theories of the industrial sector, but this difference was decreasing as these two sectors began to relate more directly resulting in the emergence of the agroindustrial complex (CAI). Theories of price formation determine that the higher the concentration of industry, the greater the power that this sector has to influence the price, through the margins and costs. In Brazil there is evidence of more concentrated industries such as orange agribusiness, and less concentrated industries such as agribusiness milk. Given this fact, the aim of this study arises: empirically whether the most concentrated sectors have greater influence on price. To achieve this goal, this paper will include a methodology based on the concept of volatility of the price series, and using the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter to separate the long-term trend of short-term cyclical component. The fundamental assumption is that a more concentrated sector has a short-term price series with lower volatility, due to their greater influence on the price. Will be used series of average prices paid to orange producer and the milk price received by agribusiness and export values, so it is expected to observe the possible differences in the two cases.

The Great Moderation means the reduction in the volatility of aggregate economic activity and here we use GDP growth rate to stand for economic activity. In this paper, we apply a Markov switching model to estimate the timing of the Great Moderation in France. Subsequently, by using a Time-varying structural vector autoregression model to determine which are the main variables that cause the reduction of French GDP growth rate and to see the relationship of these variables we choose.

abstract: Studies of governance have focused on the interactions among diverse actors while implicitly recognizing the role of power within those relationships. Explicit power analyses of water governance coordination are needed to better understand the conditions for and barriers to sustainability. I therefore utilized a novel conceptual framework to analyze vertical and horizontal governance, along with power, to address how governance interactions affect water sustainability in terms of (1) interactions among governance actors across local to state levels; (2) coordination among actors at the local level; and (3) the exercise of power among assorted actors. I adopted a qualitative case study methodology that involved triangulating interview transcripts, policy documents, and other data in the case study area of Prescott, Arizona. Across governance scales, my analysis found that informational and contentious interactions occur around water management plans, groundwater withdrawal fees, and growth debates due to the stipulations of Arizona’s Groundwater Management Act. Locally, municipalities in different groundwater basins coordinate by pooling resources for water development due to shared growth visions. However, municipalities within the same groundwater basin are divided in their pursuit of the state-mandated goal of safe yield due to discontent arising from differing growth visions, libertarian values of water control, and unequal responsibilities among actors in conserving water or monitoring use. Finally, local and state actors exercise power through litigation, legislation, and political processes to pursue their interests, thereby limiting coordination for water sustainability. My explicit analysis of power reveals that coordination occurs not just because of water policies but due to interest-based water narratives (growth and libertarian). The emphasis of growth proponents on supply augmentation and libertarian opposition to regulations pose significant barriers to water sustainability. Successful policy-based pursuits of water sustainability will, thus, require an acknowledgment of these management asymmetries and commitments to addressing them. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geography 2017